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Questions and Answers
What is the largest organ of the body?
skin
How much does the skin weigh?
24 lb
Which of the following structures are part of the integumentary system? (Select all that apply)
What does the term 'integumentum' mean?
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The skin, nails, and hair are collectively referred to as the integumentary system.
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The adjective relating specifically to the skin is called __.
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What is the primary function of melanocytes?
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What type of injury is classified as a burn?
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Which statement best describes the primary role of the integumentary system?
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What is the approximate average area covered by human skin?
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Which of these components is NOT part of the integumentary system?
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The term 'cutaneous' is related to which of the following?
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What is the primary purpose of sebaceous glands within the integumentary system?
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What does the prefix 'sub-' signify in medical terminology related to the integumentary system?
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What type of cell is indicated by the root 'melan/o'?
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Which term describes the inflammation of the skin?
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What does the term 'seb/o' refer to in the context of the integumentary system?
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Which term refers to a benign tumor of blood vessels?
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What does the term 'epidermis' refer to in the integumentary system?
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What structure surrounds the root and strand of hair?
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What is the primary component of hair fibers?
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What type of burn involves charring and damage to multiple layers of skin?
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Which skin lesion type includes blisters?
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What is the term for itchy skin?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of malignant skin cancer?
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What characterizes scleroderma?
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Which inflammation causes a skin condition known as contact dermatitis?
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What type of skin lesion includes fissures and ulcers?
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What is commonly impacted in inflammatory skin disorders?
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What does the suffix '-oma' signify in medical terminology?
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Which type of cancer is defined as originating from epithelial cells?
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What causes impetigo, a common skin infection?
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What type of organism causes scabies?
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What is one key characteristic of decubitus ulcers?
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What type of medication is classified as an antifungal?
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What skin condition is characterized by uneven skin tone due to depigmented blotches?
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Which topical medication is specifically designed to relieve itching?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body, consisting of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.
- The term 'integumentum' comes from the Latin word for 'covering' or 'shelter' and emphasizes the protective role of the skin.
- The skin covers over 20 square feet on average and weighs around 24 pounds.
Skin Layers
- The skin has two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis.
Accessory Structures
- Hair follicles are tube-like structures surrounding the root and strand of a hair.
- Hair follicles exist in the top two layers of the skin.
- Hair fibers are made of keratin, a hard protein.
- Hair color is determined by the pigment melanin, produced by melanocytes.
- Nails are made of keratin.
Disorders Affecting the Integumentary System
- The skin is visible, making diagnosis of some abnormalities relatively straightforward.
- Skin changes can indicate underlying bodily disorders, signaled by color changes, lesions, or rashes.
Burn Classification
- Burns are injuries to the skin caused by heat.
- Burn severity is classified by the depth of skin layers involved.
- The Body Surface Area (BSA) is used to express the extent of skin damage.
First Degree Burn
- Erythema (redness), superficial, involving only the epidermis.
Second Degree Burn
- Blisters; involves the epidermis and dermis.
Third Degree Burn
- Full-thickness burn; involves the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers.
Fourth Degree Burn
- Affects underlying muscle, bone, and tendons.
The Integumentary System: Skin, Hair, and Nails
- The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the human body, encompassing the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.
- The term "integumentum" originates from Latin, meaning "covering" or "shelter," reflecting the skin's protective role.
- Skin is the primary component, covering over 20 square feet and weighing approximately 24 pounds.
- Hair follicles encase hair roots and strands and are found in the upper layers of the skin.
- Hair fibers are composed of keratin, a tough protein.
- Hair color is determined by melanin pigmentation, produced by melanocytes.
- Nails are also made of the protein keratin.
Skin Structures and Layers
- The skin consists of three primary layers:
- Epidermis: The outermost layer, providing a protective barrier against the environment.
- Dermis: The middle layer, containing blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles.
- Hypodermis: The deepest layer, composed of fat and connective tissue, providing insulation and cushioning.
Disorders Related to the Integumentary System
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Burns: Injuries caused by heat, classified according to the depth of skin layers involved.
- First-degree burns: Superficial damage to the epidermis, causing redness.
- Second-degree burns: Damage to the epidermis and dermis, resulting in blisters and redness.
- Third-degree burns: Complete destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, leading to charring.
- Fourth-degree burns: Extending into muscle and bone.
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Skin Lesions:
- Flat lesions: Include macules and plaques.
- Elevated lesions: Include bulla, nodule, papule, pustule, vesicle, and wheal.
- Depressed lesions: Include fissures and ulcers.
-
Inflammatory Skin Disorders (Dermatitis):
- Contact Dermatitis: Caused by allergens, chemicals, or plants.
- Eczema: A general term for inflammation of the skin, encompassing various conditions.
- Psoriasis: Inherited inflammatory condition characterized by scaly patches.
- Scleroderma: Characterized by thickened, leathery skin.
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Malignant Skin Cancers:
- Basal cell carcinoma: Most common type, arising from the basal layer of the epidermis.
- Squamous cell carcinoma: Arising from the squamous cells of the epidermis.
- Malignant melanoma: Most serious type, arising from melanocytes.
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Skin Infections:
- Impetigo: Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, leading to painful sores.
- Scabies: Caused by mites, resulting in intense itching.
- Tinea: Fungal infections, often referred to as "ringworm."
- Shingles (herpes zoster): Viral infection, causing painful blisters.
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Other Skin and Nail Disorders:
- Decubitus Ulcers (Bedsores): Develop from prolonged pressure, especially in bedridden individuals.
- Acne: Common condition affecting sebaceous glands, particularly in adolescents and young adults.
- Vitiligo: Characterized by depigmented patches, resulting in uneven skin tone.
- Paronychia: Infection around the nails, leading to redness, swelling, and pain.
Topical Medications for Skin Disorders
- Antibiotics: Used to prevent bacterial infections.
- Antifungals: Used to kill fungi.
- Antipruritics: Used to relieve itching.
- Antiseptics: Used to kill or inhibit bacteria.
- Scabicides: Used to kill mites.
- Anti-inflammatory Medications: Used to treat inflammation.
- Transdermal Administration: Medications applied to the skin to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
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Description
Explore the integumentary system, the largest organ system in our body. This quiz covers skin layers, accessory structures like hair and nails, and disorders affecting the integumentary system. Test your knowledge on how this protective layer functions and its importance to overall health.
