INTEGRATION-I-report-I.pdf

ANGEL DE LARA BSS-4 INTEGRATION I Angel’s Report: NEEDS AND NEED DISPOSITION PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT THEORIES: Erik Erickson, Sigmund Freud, Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of needs), Albert Bandura PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL WORK SOCIAL FUNCTIONING (VARIABLES INFL...

ANGEL DE LARA BSS-4 INTEGRATION I Angel’s Report: NEEDS AND NEED DISPOSITION PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT THEORIES: Erik Erickson, Sigmund Freud, Abraham Maslow (Hierarchy of needs), Albert Bandura PERSON-IN-ENVIRONMENT PERSPECTIVE IN SOCIAL WORK SOCIAL FUNCTIONING (VARIABLES INFLUENCING SOCIAL FUNCTIONING) NEEDS AND NEED DISPOSITION Needs in Social Work perspective: “needs" refers to the unmet or deficient aspects of a person's life that require attention to achieve a sense of well-being. These needs can be categorized into various domains, including: PHYSICAL NEEDS: Basic necessities such as food, shelter, clothing, and healthcare. PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS: Emotional well-being, self-esteem, and a sense of belonging. SOCIAL NEEDS: Relationships, community involvement, and social support. SPIRITUAL NEEDS: A sense of meaning, purpose, and connection to something larger than oneself. Need Disposition - is the process of identifying, assessing, and prioritizing the needs of individuals or groups. It involves: Assessment: Gathering information about the individual or group's situation, including their background, experiences, and current challenges. This can be done through interviews, observations, and other assessment tools. Identification: Determining the specific needs that are present and contributing to the individual or group's difficulties. Prioritization: Ranking the identified needs based on their urgency, importance, and the potential impact of addressing them. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT THEORIES According to different scholars… ERIK ERIKSON’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis that could positively or negatively affect personality development.  For Erikson (1958, 1963), these crises are psychosocial because they involve the psychological needs of the individual (i.e., psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (i.e., social). According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths that the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises. Failure to complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and, therefore, a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later time. Eight (8) stages of psychosocial development from infancy to late adulthood Stage 1. Trust vs. Mistrust Stage 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Stage 3. Initiative vs. Guilt Stage 4. Industry vs. Inferiority Stage 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion Stage 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation Stage 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation Stage 8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair  SIGMUND FREUD’S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Sigmund Freud, often hailed as the father of psychoanalysis, has left an indelible mark on the field of psychology. His theories, though controversial, have shaped our understanding of the human mind in ways that continue to resonate today. Freud's psychoanalytic theory, with its emphasis on the unconscious mind, has fundamentally altered our perception of human behavior. He proposed that our actions are not always governed by our conscious thoughts but are often driven by unconscious desires and experiences. THE STRUCTURE OF THE MIND: ID, EGO, AND SUPEREGO Human psyche consists of three components: the id, ego, and superego. ID - According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality.1 The id is the only component of personality that is present from birth. This aspect of personality is entirely m and includes k and primitive behaviors.. The Id: The id is the primitive and impulsive part of the personality that seeks immediate gratification. The Ego: The ego is the rational and conscious part of the personality that mediates between the demands of the id and the superego. The Superego: The superego is the moral and conscience part of the personality that internalizes societal rules and expectations. Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Maslow's theory suggests that human needs are arranged in a hierarchical order, with lower-level needs requiring fulfillment before higher-  level needs can be addressed. In social work, this theory can help practitioners prioritize interventions and understand clients' motivations for seeking help. W Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory in Social Work Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory offers a comprehensive framework for understanding personality development and human behavior. It emphasizes the reciprocal interaction between individuals, their environment, and their behavior. This theory has significant implications for social work practice, providing insights into clients' motivations, behaviors, and the potential for change. Individual Factors: These include personal characteristics such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, and health status. Environmental Factors: These encompass the social, economic, and physical environment in which individuals live, including family, community, and societal factors. Interaction: The PIE perspective emphasizes the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environments. Changes in one can influence the other. Person-in-Environment Perspective in Social Work Person-in-Environment (PIE) Perspective is a framework that emphasizes the interconnectedness between individuals and their environments. It recognizes that people are not isolated entities but are influenced by various social, economic, and environmental factors. This perspective is central to social work practice, as it highlights the importance of considering both individual needs and the broader social context in which they occur. Key Components of the PIE Perspective: Individual Factors: These include personal characteristics such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, education, and health status. Environmental Factors: These encompass the social, economic, and physical environment in which individuals live, including family, community, and societal factors. Interaction: The PIE perspective emphasizes the dynamic interaction between individuals and their environments. Changes in one can influence the other. Implications for Social Work Practice: Holistic Assessment: Social workers using the PIE perspective conduct comprehensive assessments that consider both individual factors and environmental influences. This helps them gain a deeper understanding of clients' needs and challenges. Systems Approach: The PIE perspective encourages a systems approach, recognizing that individuals are embedded in complex systems. Social workers can identify and address systemic issues that may be contributing to clients' problems. Empowerment: By focusing on the interaction between individuals and their environments, the PIE perspective promotes empowerment. Social workers can help clients develop skills and resources to navigate their environments more effectively. Advocacy: The PIE perspective highlights the importance of advocating for systemic change to address social inequalities and improve the lives of marginalized individuals. Collaboration: The PIE perspective emphasizes the importance of collaboration between individuals, families, communities, and organizations to address complex social problems. Example: A social worker working with a homeless individual might use the PIE perspective to understand the client's situation. The individual's homelessness may be influenced by factors such as lack of affordable housing, unemployment, substance abuse, and mental health issues. By considering both individual factors and environmental influences, the social worker can develop a comprehensive plan that addresses the client's needs and works to improve their overall well-being. Conclusion The PIE perspective is a foundational framework in social work that emphasizes the interconnectedness between individuals and their environments. By understanding this relationship, social workers can provide more effective and comprehensive services to help clients address their challenges and achieve positive outcomes. Variables Influencing Social Functioning Social functioning refers to an individual's ability to interact with others and participate in society effectively. It involves various aspects such as interpersonal relationships, communication skills, role performance, and community involvement.Several variables can influence social functioning, including: Individual Factors Personality Traits: Extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience can significantly impact social interactions. Cognitive Abilities: Intelligence, memory, and problem-solving skills influence how individuals process information and interact with others. Physical Health: Chronic illnesses, disabilities, or physical limitations can affect social participation and interactions. Mental Health: Mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, or schizophrenia can impair social functioning. Self-Esteem: A positive self-image can enhance social interactions, while low self- esteem may hinder them. Environmental Factors Social Support: The presence of strong social networks, including family, friends, and community members, can provide emotional support and facilitate social integration. Socioeconomic Status: Income, education, and occupation can influence access to resources, opportunities, and social networks. Cultural Factors: Cultural norms, values, and expectations can shape social interactions and behaviors. Community Characteristics: The safety, accessibility, and diversity of a community can impact social functioning. Life Events: Significant life events such as job loss, illness, or bereavement can affect social functioning. Interpersonal Factors Communication Skills: Effective communication skills, including verbal and nonverbal communication, are essential for building and maintaining relationships. Empathy: The ability to understand and share the feelings of others is crucial for social interactions. Conflict Resolution Skills: The ability to manage conflicts and resolve disagreements peacefully is important for maintaining healthy relationships. Social Skills: Social skills, such as assertiveness, cooperation, and active listening, are necessary for effective social interactions. Developmental Factors Age: Different age groups may have varying social expectations and experiences. Developmental Stages: Developmental stages, such as adolescence or adulthood, can influence social functioning. It's important to note that these variables are interconnected and can influence each other. For example, a person with a mental health condition may have difficulty maintaining social relationships due to their symptoms, but they may also benefit from social support to manage their condition. Understanding these variables can help individuals and professionals identify areas where support and intervention may be needed to improve social functioning.