Insects-4 PDF

VMP 5265 Parasitology Insects-4 Cochliomyia hominivorax New World screwworm Livestock & wildlife Larvae feed invasively on living tissue Adult females mate only once in entire life Eggs laid on fresh, uninfected wounds Release sterile males Reportable disease Sar...

VMP 5265 Parasitology Insects-4 Cochliomyia hominivorax New World screwworm Livestock & wildlife Larvae feed invasively on living tissue Adult females mate only once in entire life Eggs laid on fresh, uninfected wounds Release sterile males Reportable disease Sarcophagidae Flesh flies Any animal Lay 1st instars in sores, wounds, necrotic tissue, wool soiled with feces or urine  Trichodectes canis Dog biting louse or canine chewing louse Requires host to complete life cycle Pruritus Vector of D. caninum Heavy infestations in neglected and underfed animals Affects young Felicola subrostratus Cat biting louse Transverse brown bands, triangular anterior end Elderly or chronically ill animals Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis Cattle biting louse Head, poll, neck, shoulders, rump, tail switch Winter favors proliferation Malnutrition or chronic disease Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis Biting louse of sheep Sheep Wool over whole body Damage to fleece Most pathogenic of all sheep lice Ischnocera – Avian lice Biting, chewing lice Domestic and wild fowl Common name e.g., wing louse, fluff louse Sleeplessness, inappetence, scratching, feather plucking  Learning Objectives Describe Anopluran lice – Linognathus setosus, L. vituli, L. pedalis, L. ovillus, Solenopotes capillatus, Haematopinus eurysternus & H. suis Understand fleas – Ctenocephalides felis, C. canis & Echidnophaga spp. Be aware of bed bug (Cimex spp.) & kissing bug  Suborder Anoplura (http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/ Bowman et al. 2003 htm/bc/itgli09.htm)  Suborder Anoplura Bloodsucking lice, more pathogenic Pointed “noses”, head < thorax Large, 3-5 mm Dark blue, depending on amount blood ingested Slow moving Clasping hair shaft Lice of mammals Linognathus spp. Photos: JF Bulter, University of Florida  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Anoplura Linognathus setosus Linognathus vituli Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Solenopotes capillatus Haematopinus eurysternus Haematopinus suis Linognathus setosus Common name: Dog sucking louse Hosts: Dogs Identification: 3-5 mm, head narrower than thorax, sucking mouthparts Life cycle: Similar to Trichodectes canis E-N-N-N-A Linognathus setosus Site(s) of infestation: Skin Pathogenesis and lesions: Heavy infestation can cause severe anemia Clinical signs: Loss of body condition and damage to skin Diagnosis: Louse identification Linognathus setosus Treatment and prevention: Avoid direct contact with brushes, combs and blankets MCL  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Anoplura Linognathus setosus Linognathus vituli Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Solenopotes capillatus Haematopinus eurysternus Haematopinus suis Linognathus vituli Common name: long nosed cattle louse Hosts: cattle Life cycle: gregarious grapof licel forms dense isolated clusters  http://vetpda.ucdavis.edu/parasitolog/#_images gregarious forms dense isolated clusters  Photo: J Ketzis Site of infestation: dewlap, head, neck  Linognathus vituli Identification: Anopluran, size, location Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs: heavy infestations can lead to pruritus, anemia and weakness often sign of malnutrition or chronic disease Linognathus vituli Treatment and prevention: various ectoparasiticides MCLs  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Anoplura Linognathus setosus Linognathus vituli Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Solenopotes capillatus Haematopinus eurysternus Haematopinus suis Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Hosts: Sheep Identification: Up to 5 mm Slow moving Blood sucking mouthparts Tan to bluish black in color  Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Site(s) of infestation: Linognathus pedalis inhabits the lower region of hind limbs, scrotum, belly Linognathus ovillus occurs on the face, ears, cheeks, neck, body of heavy wool breeds Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Photos: JF Bulter, University of Florida Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Anemia Diagnosis: Louse Identification Treatment and prevention: Several remedies effective  Linognathus spp. Host species Common Predilection name site Dogs L. setosus Canine suck- Head & ing louse neck Cattle L. vituli Long-nosed Head, neck cattle louse & dewlap Sheep L. pedalis Ovine foot Leg louse L. ovillus Ovine face or Face body louse  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Anoplura Linognathus setosus Linognathus vituli Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Solenopotes capillatus Haematopinus eurysternus Haematopinus suis Solenopotes capillatus smallest Common name: Little blue cattle louse Host: Cattle Predilection site: neck, head, shoulders, dewlap, back and tail Solenopotes capillatus Identification: Bluish, 1.2-1.5 mm, smallest Anopluran louse on cattle Diagnosis: Louse identification Zajac and Conboy. 2012. Figure 4.68  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Anoplura Linognathus setosus Linognathus vituli Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Solenopotes capillatus Haematopinus eurysternus Haematopinus suis Haematopinus spp. RUSVM, 2006 Haematopinus eurysternus Common name: short nosed cattle louse Hosts: cattle Identification: Anopluran largest louse of domestic mammals  Photo: J Ketzis gregarious form dense isolated clusters head, ears, eyes, nostrils Haematopinus eurysternus Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs: anemia weight loss Diagnosis: identification of louse Treatment and prevention: various ectoparasiticides MCLs  Arthropoda Insecta Phthiraptera Anoplura Linognathus setosus Linognathus vituli Linognathus pedalis Linognathus ovillus Solenopotes capillatus Haematopinus eurysternus Haematopinus suis Haematopinus suis www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp Haematopinus suis Common name: Sucking louse of swine Hosts: Pigs Identification: Largest louse, 5 mm long Typical Anopluran louse Haematopinus suis www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp Louse eggs or nits Haematopinus suis Site(s) of infestation: skin folds of neck and jowl, flanks, insides of legs Haematopinus suis Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Heavy infestation leads to restlessness which can result in a drop in production Anemia seen, but rare Skin damage from scratching reduces values of hides Haematopinus suis Diagnosis: Identification of louse Treatment and prevention: MCL Arthropoda Insecta fleas Siphonaptera Ctenocephalides felis Ctenocephalides canis Echidnophaga spp.  Ctenocephalides felis Hosts: Dogs and cats Identification: Egg: 0.5 mm; oval, pearly white Larva: 5 mm; worm-like Pupa: 5 mm; color varies Adult: 3 mm; dark brown, wingless Ctenocephalides eggs (arrow), larvae and pupae Ctenocephalides adult 4X pronotal comb h genal comb or eye rod strutures IMP 3 leg pounfl The preemerged adults can remain in the cocoon for up to 30 wk 588 Image source: Bowman, Georgis’ Parasitology for Veterinarians, 9th ed. Ctenocephalides felis Site(s) of infestation: Skin, back, ventral abdomen, inner thighs Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Flea bite allergy or flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) Vectors of some infectious agents http://www.ahmontgomery.com/uploads/1/9/7/7/1977536/478784_orig.jpg http://dermatology-s10.cdlib.org/DOJvol3num2/fleas/flea5.jpeg Ctenocephalides felis Diagnosis: Fleas, flea feces, blood on host and in bedding Ctenocephalides felis Treatment and prevention: Requires breaking life cycle in several places Insecticides help, but they do not treat all stages of life cycle Ctenocephalides felis Treatment and prevention: Sentinel, Advantage Multi, Revolution, Program, Vectra 3D, Comfortis, Frontline (Plus), Capstar, etc Ctenocephalides felis Treatment and prevention: Environmental control Vacuum frequently where pets “hang out” Ctenocephalides felis Treatment and prevention: Mow lawn and rake clippings/leaves Allow treated pets to roam in usual places Foggers, dusting powders, sprays Arthropoda Insecta Siphonaptera Ctenocephalides felis Ctenocephalides canis Echidnophaga spp. Ctenocephalides canis Common name: Dog flea Host: Dogs, cats, rats, rabbits, foxes & humans Very similar to C. felis Arthropoda Insecta Siphonaptera Ctenocephalides felis Ctenocephalides canis Echidnophaga spp.  Echidnophaga spp. Common name: Sticktight flea Hosts: Domestic and wild fowl Identification: Adult flea 1 mm, brown-black Distinctive blunt head Echidnophaga spp. Echidnophaga gallinacea 10X RUSVM Echidnophaga spp. Ctenocephalides adult 4X pronotal comb eye genal comb leg RUSVM  Echidnophaga spp. Site(s) of infestation: Usually head, comb, wattles and eyes Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Irritation, blood loss, anemia Diagnosis: Identification of flea Echidnophaga spp. maxresdefault.jph Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Reduviidae Triatominae Triatomine bugs kissing bugs, assassin bugs, or vampire bugs https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/gen_info/vectors/triatomine_stages_lg.html Triatomine bugs kissing bugs, assassin bugs, or vampire bugs https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/gen_info/vectors/triatomine_stages_lg.html Triatomine bugs  Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agene of Chagas disease  The parasites are in the feces of the bug, which are released when a bug is taking a blood meal  The parasites (trypomastigotes) enter a host through bite wounds or mucus membrane Arthropoda Insecta Hemiptera Cimicidae Cimex spp. Cimex spp. Hosts: Nesting birds, humans, bats Identification: Mouthparts are beak-like; designed for piercing and blood sucking Cimex spp. Cimex spp. maxresdefault.jph  Cimex spp. Life cycle: Eggs  nymphs – molt 5 times  adults Hide in crevices by day, feed on hosts at night Survive > 5 months without bloodmeal Site(s) of infestation: Skin Cimex spp. F ENN N N N A M https://www.sgvtribune.com/2017/08/12/bed‐bugs‐make‐unwelcome‐return‐to‐southern‐california/ Cimex spp. Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs: Bloodsuckers Allergic reactions to bites Massive infestations can lead to blood loss Diagnosis: Identification of bug Cimex spp. Cimex spp. (atoc.colorado.edu/~schuenem/pictures/bedbugs.jpg) Cimex spp. (www.aaronfollett.com/archives/bedbugs.JPG)