Ctenocephalides Quiz
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Ctenocephalides Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a common characteristic of Anopluran lice, such as Linognathus setosus?

  • They are typically larger than 10 mm and have chewing mouthparts.
  • They possess sucking mouthparts and are often smaller than 5 mm. (correct)
  • They have wide heads and non-sucking mouthparts.
  • They are primarily active during the daytime and are non-parasitic.

    • Which strategy is recommended for the prevention of ectoparasites like Linognathus setosus?

  • Avoid direct contact with contaminated grooming equipment. (correct)
  • Ensure pets do not interact with wild animals.
  • Increase outdoor activities to strengthen the immune system.
  • Use flea collars regularly.

    • What describes the life cycle of Linognathus vituli?

  • They are gregarious and can form dense isolated clusters. (correct)
  • They develop in water and require moist environments.
  • They are solitary and do not form clusters.
  • They reproduce only during specific seasons.

    • What is a potential pathogenic effect of a heavy infestation of Linognathus spp. on livestock?

    <p>Severe anemia and damage to the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used for the identification of lice such as Linognathus pedalis?

    <p>Physical examination for visible colonies and louse identification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease?

    <p>Triatomine bugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which life stage of Cimex spp. involves molting five times before reaching adulthood?

    <p>Nymphs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can Cimex spp. survive without a blood meal?

    <p>Up to 5 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with Cimex spp. identification?

    <p>Wings present for flight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign of Cimex spp. infestations?

    <p>Skin lesions from scratching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT effective for the prevention of ectoparasites?

    <p>Using pesticides only in warm months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can massive infestations of Cimex spp. lead to?

    <p>Significant blood loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route through which trypomastigotes enter a host after being released by Triatomine bugs?

    <p>Via bite wounds or mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of Anopluran lice?

    <p>Having a robust body structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clinical sign associated with Ctenocephalides felis?

    <p>Flea allergy dermatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for environmental control of fleas?

    <p>Ignoring the infested areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in treating flea infestations?

    <p>Insecticides do not address all life stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flea is commonly known to infest dogs, cats, and a variety of other hosts?

    <p>Ctenocephalides felis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary effects of Echidnophaga spp. infestations in poultry?

    <p>Irritation and anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can fleas be identified during a diagnosis?

    <p>Flea feces and blood on host and in bedding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive physical characteristic of Echidnophaga spp. adult fleas?

    <p>Distinctive blunt head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can heavy infestations of Linognathus vituli lead to in cattle?

    <p>Pruritus and anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the site of infestation for Linognathus pedalis and Linognathus ovillus?

    <p>They inhabit the lower hind limbs and body of heavy wool breeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is used for the identification of Linognathus setosus?

    <p>Narrower head than thorax with sucking mouthparts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key method for preventing infestations by Linognathus spp. in dogs and cattle?

    <p>Regular washing of blankets and brushes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary clinical sign associated with a heavy infestation of Linognathus setosus?

    <p>Severe anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive behavior of female Cochliomyia hominivorax throughout their lifespan?

    <p>They only mate once in their entire life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the characteristic feature of Bovicola ovis?

    <p>It is most pathogenic of all sheep lice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of Trichodectes canis infestations on affected animals?

    <p>Severe itching and discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition do Felicola subrostratus primarily thrive?

    <p>In elderly or chronically ill animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lice is characterized by having a pointed nose and is known to be bloodsucking?

    <p>Linognathus spp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name of Linognathus setosus?

    <p>Canine sucking louse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site is the predilection for Solenopotes capillatus?

    <p>Head, neck, shoulders, dewlap, back and tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size range of Solenopotes capillatus?

    <p>1.2-1.5 mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genus includes the ovine foot louse?

    <p>Linognathus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Linognathus vituli?

    <p>Long-nosed cattle louse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which louse is known to infest the face or body of sheep?

    <p>Linognathus ovillus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main identifying feature of Solenopotes capillatus?

    <p>Bluish color and small size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site does Linognathus pedalis predominantly infest?

    <p>Leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lice is known as Haematopinus suis?

    <p>Swine louse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Linognathus setosus from other lice?

    <p>It is associated with dogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ctenocephalides felis

    • Infests the skin, back, ventral abdomen, and inner thighs of hosts.
    • Causes flea bite allergy (Flea Allergy Dermatitis, FAD)
    • Transmits some infectious agents.
    • Diagnosed by finding fleas, flea feces, and blood on the host and in bedding.
    • Control requires breaking the life cycle in multiple locations.
    • Insecticides are helpful but don't treat all life stages.
    • Treatment and prevention options include Sentinel, Advantage Multi, Revolution, Program, Vectra 3D, Comfortis, Frontline (Plus), Capstar, etc.
    • Environmental control involves frequent vacuuming of areas where pets are present.
    • Mowing lawns and raking clippings and leaves prevent flea breeding.
    • Treated pets should be allowed to roam in usual areas to spread insecticides.
    • Foggers, dusting powders, and sprays can be used.

    Ctenocephalides canis

    • Common name: Dog flea.
    • Host: Dogs, cats, rats, rabbits, foxes, and humans.
    • Very similar to C. felis.

    Echidnophaga spp.

    • Common name: Sticktight flea
    • Hosts: Domestic and wild fowl.
    • Adult flea is 1 mm, brown-black with a distinctive blunt head.
    • Infests the head, comb, wattles, and eyes.
    • Causes irritation, blood loss, and anemia.
    • Diagnosis is confirmed by identifying the flea.

    Triatomine bugs

    • Also known as kissing bugs, assassin bugs, or vampire bugs.
    • Vector of Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas disease.
    • The parasite is present in the bug's feces and is transmitted through wounds or mucus membranes.

    Cimex spp.

    • Hosts: Nesting birds, humans, bats.
    • Mouthparts are beak-like, designed for piercing and bloodsucking.
    • Life cycle includes eggs, nymphs (molting five times), and adults.
    • Hide in crevices during the day and feed on hosts at night.
    • Can survive up to 5 months without a blood meal.
    • Infest the skin.
    • Feed on blood, causing allergic reactions to bites.
    • Massive infestations can cause blood loss.
    • Diagnosed by identifying the bug.

    Linognathus setosus

    • Common name: Dog sucking louse.
    • Host: Dogs.
    • 3-5 mm in size with a head narrower than the thorax and sucking mouthparts.
    • Life cycle is similar to Trichodectes canis.
    • Infests the skin.
    • Heavy infestations can lead to anemia.
    • Clinical signs include loss of body condition and skin damage.
    • Diagnosis is confirmed by identifying the louse.
    • Prevented by avoiding contact with brushes, combs, and blankets.

    Linognathus vituli

    • Common name: Long-nosed cattle louse.
    • Host: Cattle.
    • Gregarious, forming dense, isolated clusters.
    • Infests dewlap, head, neck.
    • Anopluran, size and location are key identifiers.
    • Heavy infestations cause pruritus, anemia, weakness and can be a sign of malnutrition or chronic disease.
    • Treated with various ectoparasiticides and management control programs (MCLs).

    Linognathus pedalis and Linognathus ovillus

    • Hosts: Sheep.
    • Up to 5 mm in size, slow-moving with blood sucking mouthparts.
    • Tan to bluish black in color.
    • L. pedalis infests the lower hind limbs, scrotum, and belly.
    • L. ovillus occurs on the face, ears, cheeks, neck, and body of heavy wool breeds.
    • Causes anemia.
    • Diagnosed by louse identification.
    • Prevented by several effective remedies.

    Cochliomyia hominivorax

    • Common name: New World screwworm
    • Infects livestock and wildlife
    • Larvae feed on living tissue
    • Females mate only once in their lifetime
    • Eggs are laid in uninfected wounds
    • Sterile male release is a common control method
    • A reportable disease

    Sarcophagidae

    • Common name: Flesh flies
    • Found in any animal
    • First instar larvae are laid in sores, wounds or necrotic tissue

    Trichodectes canis

    • Common name: Dog biting/chewing louse
    • Requires a host to complete its life cycle
    • Causes pruritus
    • Vector for D.caninum
    • Heavy infestations found in neglected animals
    • Most commonly affects young animals

    Felicola subrostratus

    • Common name: Cat biting louse
    • Distinguished by brown bands and a triangular anterior end
    • Found in elderly or chronically ill animals

    Bovicola (Damalinia) bovis

    • Common name: Cattle biting louse
    • Found on the head, poll, neck, shoulders, rump and tail switch of cattle
    • Infestations are high in winter
    • Severe infestations are associated with malnutrition or chronic disease

    Bovicola (Damalinia) ovis

    • Common name: Sheep biting louse
    • Found in sheep
    • Found in wool across the entire body
    • Can damage fleece
    • The most pathogenic of all sheep lice

    Ischnocera

    • Common name: Avian lice
    • Bite and chew
    • Found on both domestic and wild fowl
    • Common names: Wing lice and fluff lice

    Learning Objectives

    • Learn the characteristics of the following lice:
      • Linognathus setosus
      • Linognathus vituli
      • Linognathus pedalis
      • Linognathus ovillus
      • Solenopotes capillatus
      • Haematopinus eurysternus
      • Haematopinus suis
    • Know the characteristics of these fleas:
      • Ctenocephalides felis
      • Ctenocephalides canis
      • Echidnophaga spp.
    • Be aware of bed bugs (Cimex spp.) and kissing bugs

    Anoplura (suborder)

    • Common name: Bloodsucking lice
    • More pathogenic than other lice
    • Pointed noses
    • Head is smaller than the thorax
    • Large (3-5mm)
    • Dark blue in color, depending on the amount of blood ingested
    • Slow moving
    • Have clasping hairs
    • Found on mammals

    Linognathus spp.

    • Found on:
      • Dogs (L. setosus)
      • Cattle (L. vituli)
      • Sheep (L. pedalis, L. ovillus)
    • Similar life cycle to Trichodectes canis

    Linognathus setosus

    • Common name: Dog sucking louse
    • Found on dogs
    • Identification: 3-5mm long, head narrower than thorax, sucking mouthparts
    • Life cycle: Similar to Trichodectes canis

    Linognathus setosus

    • Infestation site: Skin
    • Pathogenesis/lesions: Heavy infestations can cause severe anemia
    • Clinical signs: Loss of body condition, skin damage
    • Diagnosis: Louse identification
    • Treatment and prevention: Avoid direct contact with brushes, combs and blankets

    Linognathus vituli

    • Common name: Long-nosed cattle louse
    • Host: Cattle
    • Life cycle: Lives in dense clusters
    • Site of infestation: Dewlap, head and neck
    • Identification: Anopluran, size and location
    • Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs: Heavy infestations can lead to pruritus, anemia and weakness. Often seen in cases of malnutrition or chronic disease
    • Treatment and prevention: Various ectoparasiticides. MCLs

    Linognathus pedalis & Linognathus ovillus

    • Host: Sheep
    • Identification: 5mm long, slow moving, blood sucking mouthparts, tan to bluish black in color
    • Site of infestation:
      • L. pedalis found on the lower region of the hind limbs, scrotum, belly
      • L. ovillus found on the face, ears, cheeks, neck and body of heavy wool breeds
    • Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs: Anemia
    • Diagnosis: Louse identification
    • Treatment and prevention: Various remedies are effective

    Solenopotes capillatus

    • Common name: Little blue cattle louse
    • Host: Cattle
    • Site of infestation: Neck, head, shoulders, dewlap, back, tail
    • Identification: Bluish, 1.2-1.5mm long, the smallest Anopluran louse on cattle
    • Diagnosis: Louse identification

    Haematopinus spp.

    • Site of infestation: Skin, back, ventral abdomen and inner thighs
    • Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs: Flea bite allergy (FAD)
      • Vector for some infectious agents

    Ctenocephalides felis

    • Common name: Cat flea
    • Host: Cats, dogs, rats, rabbits, foxes, humans
    • Diagnosis: Fleas, flea feces, blood on host and in bedding
    • Treatment and prevention: Requires breaking the life cycle. Insecticides are helpful but do not treat all stages of the life cycle
      • Sentinel, Advantage Multi, Revolution, Program, Vectra 3D, Comfortis, Frontline (Plus), Capstar, etc

    Ctenocephalides felis

    • Treatment and prevention (continued):
      • Environmental control
        • Vacuum frequently where pets spend time
        • Mow lawn and rake clippings/leaves
        • Allow treated pets to roam in their usual places
        • Foggers, dusting powders, sprays

    Ctenocephalides canis

    • Common name: Dog flea
    • Host: Dogs, cats, rats, rabbits, foxes, humans

    Echidnophaga spp.

    • Common name: Sticktight flea
    • Hosts: Domestic and wild fowl
    • Identification: 1mm long, brown-black, blunt head
    • Site of infestation: Head, comb, wattles, eyes
    • Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs: Irritation, blood loss, anemia
    • Diagnosis: Identify the flea

    Triatomine bugs

    • Common names: Kissing bugs, assassin bugs, vampire bugs
    • Vector for Trypanosoma cruzi which causes Chagas disease
    • Parasites are found in the feces of the bug, which are released during a blood meal.
    • Trypomastigotes enter a host through a bite wound or mucous membrane.

    Cimex spp.

    • Common name: Bed bugs
    • Host: Nesting birds, humans, bats
    • Identification: Beak-like mouthparts designed for piercing and sucking blood.
    • Life cycle: eggs -> nymphs (5 molts) -> adults
    • Hide in crevices during the day and feed at night
    • Can survive up to 5 months without a blood meal
    • Site of infestation: Skin
    • Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs: Bloodsuckers, allergic reactions to bites, heavy infestations can lead to blood loss
    • Diagnosis: Identify the bug

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on Ctenocephalides felis and canis, common fleas affecting pets. This quiz covers their life cycle, diagnosis, control methods, and environmental considerations for effective treatment. Dive into the details of flea allergy dermatitis and species similarities.

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