Insects-1 PDF

VMP 5265 Parasitology Insects-1  Learning Objectives Describe morphological characteristics and life cycle of insects – flies, fleas, lice & bedbugs Become aware of adult flies – Musca spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia irritans and Culicoides spp. Arthropods Joi...

VMP 5265 Parasitology Insects-1  Learning Objectives Describe morphological characteristics and life cycle of insects – flies, fleas, lice & bedbugs Become aware of adult flies – Musca spp., Stomoxys calcitrans, Haematobia irritans and Culicoides spp. Arthropods Jointed limbs, segmented body and exoskeleton Insects Flies (Diptera) Fleas (Siphonaptera) Lice (Phthiraptera) Bed bugs (Hemiptera) 0 Arachnids – Acari Ticks Mites Insects Identification Adults: 3 pairs of legs Head, thorax, abdomen Antenna Insects: Flies (Diptera) (Taylor et al, 2007)  Life cycle – Diptera E-L-P-A Egg-Larva-Pupa-Adult  Veterinary importance – Diptera Biological transmission of organisms (eg intermediate/final hosts of nematodes, protozoa, etc.) Mechanical transmission of organisms Annoyance – fly worries Fly strike (myiasis)  Life cycle – Diptera Adults: irritate animal feed on blood transmit disease (Taylor et al, 2007) (Urquhart et al., 1996) Stomoxys calcitrans Stable fly Life cycle – Diptera Larvae/instars migrate in animal feed on animal (Taylor et al, 2007)  Insects: Fleas (Siphonaptera) Life cycle E-L-P-A Egg-Larva-Pupa-Adult Ctenocephalides eggs (arrow), larvae and pupae Insects: Lice (Phthiraptera) Host specific –Preferred host –Site of infestation Lice (Phthiraptera) E-N-N-N-A (Photo, M Pereira) Lice (Phthiraptera) Anoplura Sucking lice – suck blood; cause O anemia O Head narrower than thorax Move slowly O Haematopinus spp. RUSVM, 2006 Lice (Phthiraptera) Ischnocera (Mallophaga) Chewing lice – feed on skin surface; pruritus; secondary infections Move fast Head wider than thorax Insects: bed bugs (Hemiptera) EN N N N N A https://www.sgvtribune.com/2017/08/12/bed‐bugs‐make‐unwelcome‐return‐to‐southern‐california/  Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Muscidae Musca domestica Musca autumnalis Stomoxys calcitrans Haematobia irritans  Musca domestica Common name: house fly Hosts: domestic animals and humans Identification: adults 5.5-7.5 mm light to dark grey sticky hairs on pads of legs mouthparts fleshy adapted to sponging Life cycle  Musca domestica Life cycle: Typical muscid life cycle Eggs laid in a wide variety of decaying organic substrates Photo: JF Butler, University of Florida (img.photobucket.com) Bowman et al. 2003  Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Muscidae Musca domestica Musca autumnalis Stomoxys calcitrans Haematobia irritans  Musca autumnalis Common name: Face fly Identification: Similar to house fly  Musca autumnalis Life cycle: Typical muscid life cycle Eggs laid in feces or rotting organic material  Musca autumnalis Site(s) of infestation: Animal secretions and wounds Pathogenesis and lesions: Annoyance (feeds on face secretions) Mechanical vector of viruses, bacteria, helminths, protozoa Biological vector of Habronema & Draschia megastoma  Musca autumnalis Clinical signs: Annoyance can interfere with grazing Annoyance can result in a drop in performance Can result in eye disorders or conjunctivitis Musca autumnalis face fly  Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Muscidae Musca domestica Musca autumnalis Stomoxys calcitrans Haematobia irritans Stomoxys calcitrans Common name: Stable fly, biting house fly Hosts: Most animals and humans Identification: Adults 5.5-7.5 mm Mouthparts rigid, conspicuous and forward projecting Sits on walls head up Stomoxys calcitrans – Stable fly RUSVM http://www.madisoncorc.com/1stable.jpg Stomoxys calcitrans Life cycle: Feeds on blood Requires 3 minutes to finish its blood meal Females lay eggs on decaying matter such as damp hay Stomoxys calcitrans Site(s) of infestation: General Pathogenesis and lesions: Attack animals, transmit disease organisms Clinical signs: Increased head and ear movement, skin twitches and tail swishes Musca spp. & Stomoxys calcitrans Diagnosis: Fly identification Treatment and prevention Screens Sanitation; reduce breeding sites DO NOT treat compost  Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Muscidae Musca domestica Musca autumnalis Stomoxys calcitrans Haematobia irritans  Haematobia irritans Common name: horn fly Hosts: cattle Identification: adults 4 mm smallest bloodsucking muscids distinguish from stable fly by being ½ in size and a shorter proboscis (www.astrographics.com)  Flies - Mouth parts horn fly stable fly Photographs by: horn fly - Dan Fitzpatrick, stable fly - Jerry Butler, University of Florida Haematobia irritans Life cycle: remain on hosts except when females lay eggs in fresh feces overwinter (diapause, pupa) Site(s) of infestation: back in swarm abdomen (belly) when raining cluster around horns when not feeding (1952 Yearbook of Agriculture Pest Illustrations www.aphis.usda.gov)  Haematobia irritans Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs: feed in thousands cause intense irritation impair milk production and weight gains transmit cattle helminths more than 200 flies leads to economic losses  Haematobia irritans Treatment and prevention: apply insecticides to host insecticide resistance Credit: P. E. Kaufman (top two photos) and J. F. Butler (bottom photo)  Muscidae Musca Musca Stomoxys Haematobia domesitica autumnalis calcitrans irritans* (house fly) (face fly) (stable fly) (horn fly) Location on Indoors, not face blood meal Back, belly animal on host time when raining stable on, horn Location of wide variety feces or decaying Fresh cattle eggs laid of decaying rotting matter feces organic organic substrates material Mouth part Fleshy, Fleshy, Proboscis, Proboscis, sponging sponging blood taking blood taking Size 5.5-7.5 mm 5.5-7.5 mm 5.5-7.5 mm 4 mm *: host specific, cattle  Arthropoda Insecta Diptera Ceratopogonidae Culicoides spp. Tabanidae Tabanus spp. Chrysops spp. Culicoides spp. Only females take blood meals http://www.forum-kayak.fr/index.php?topic=1746.0 Culicoides spp. Common name: Biting midges, “no-see-ums” Hosts: All domestic animals and humans Identification: 1.5-5.0 mm long Mottled wings, short piercing proboscis, antenna long and slender Culicoides spp. Site(s) of infestation: General Pathogenesis and lesions: Annoyance Transmits protozoa, helminths (Onchocerca) and viruses Clinical signs: Pain inflicted outweighs size of fly Allergic reaction in some horses Culicoides spp. Diagnosis: Fly identification Treatment and prevention: Decrease standing water Avoid marshy pastures Treat horse: repellents, insecticides