Inorganic Medicinals Midterm PDF

Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University Inorganic Medicinals Midterm UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Learning Objectives: To know the important medicinal uses/applications of the different compounds of repr...

Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University Inorganic Medicinals Midterm UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Learning Objectives: To know the important medicinal uses/applications of the different compounds of representative elements in group I to VIII. COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Alkali Metals Group IA: Alkali Metals B. LITHIUM Most reactive metals Aka: “Earth” Valence=1 Lightest metal A. HYDROGEN Pcol action: Aka: “inflammable air” Depressant Diuretic lightest element Isotopes: Non pcol action: A. protium – most abundant Heat exchanger in aircon B. deuterium – heavy hydrogen C. tritium- radioactive IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS Lithium Bromide Depressant Lithium Carbonate (Lithase ®) DOC for MANIA COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY C. SODIUM Aka: “Natrium” Sodium metabisulfite (NaHSO3) Extracellular fluid Water soluble anti-oxidant Pcol action: fluid retention Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) Use: 1. Antacid IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 2. Carbonating agent Sodium Acetate (NaCH3COO) Diuretic Urinary and systemic alkalizer Sodium chloride (NaCl) Antacid Aka: rock salt, table salt, soler salt Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Use: 1. electrolyte replenisher Aka: “Baking soda” 2. tonicity adjusting agent Systemic antacid 3. condiments Carbonating agent 4. preservative S/E: systemic alkalosis 5. shorten the coagulation time rebound hyperacidity COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY C. SODIUM Na Dihydrogen Phosphate (NaH2PO4) Aka: fleet enema Uses: cathartic Sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) 1. alkalizer 2. buffer 3. diuretic 4. expectorant 5. shorten the coagulation time COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Sodium Fluoride (NaF) Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) (NaOCl) Use: Anticariogenic (2% solution) Aka: Dakin’s solution, chlorox Use: 1. Oxidizing agent Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 2. Disinfectant Aka: 1. Caustic soda 3. Bleaching agent 2. Sosa 3. Lye Sodium Iodide (NaI) Use: Saponifying agent Use: 1. expectorant 2. antifungal Sodium Phosphite (HNa2O3P) 3. iodine solubilizer Use: Reducing agent (Na2HPO3) Sodium Lactate (NaC3H5O3) Use: 1. antacid 2. diuretic COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) Use: 1. Vasodilator 2. meat preservation 3. treatment in cyanide poisoning Aka: chile salt peter Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) Use: hypotensive agent Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) Aka: Glauber’s salt Use: cathartic Sodium tartrate (Na2C4H4O6) Use: primary standard of KFR for water content determination Sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) Aka: hypochlor, photographer’s hypo Use: 1. Treatment of cyanide poisoning with sodium nitrate 2. VS in iodometry and permanganometry COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY D. POTASSIUM Aka: Kalium Potassium bicarbonate Most abundant and predominant Intracellular cation 1. systemic antacid Deficiency: hypokalemia 2. carbonating agent Pcol action: 3. source of bicarbonate ion 1. diuretic 2. important in muscle contraction Potassium bitartrate Aka: cream of tartar, creamor IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: Use: laxative Potassium acetate 1. antacid Potassium bromide 2. diuretic Use: depressant 3. urinary and systemic alkalizer COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY D. POTASSIUM - K+ Potassium Carbonate Aka: potash, salt of peter, perlash 1. antacid Potassium chloride 2. carbonating agent Use: electrolyte replenisher 3. carbonate source TAKE note: SLOW push* Potassium chlorate Use: oxidizing agent Component in: toothpaste, gargle and mouthwash COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Potassium citrate 1. diuretic Potassium nitrate 2. expectorant Aka: salt peter, salitre, salt prunelle 3. diaphoretic Use: 1. diuretic/ meat preservative Potassium hydroxide Potassium permanganate Aka: caustic potash, lye potash Aka: mineral chameleon Use: saponifying agent (SOFT soap) 1. oxidizing agent 2. VS in permanganometry Potassium Iodide 1.expectorant Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2. antifungal Use: cathartic 3. iodine solubilizer COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Potassium Sodium tartrate Aka: 1. rochelle salt 2. sal signette Use: 1. cathartic 2. sequestering agent Potassium thiocyanate Use: hypotensive agent K2Sx.K2S2O3 aka: sulfurated potash, liver of sulfur COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY E. NH4 2. (NH4)2CO3 Hypothetical alkali metal Aka: sal volatile, hartshorn Pcol action: Use: 1. expectorant (ammonium) 1. diuretic 2. antacid (carboante) 2. Buffer 3. respiratory stimulant 3. expectorant (like Iodide) 4. anti-cariogenic (like Fluoride) 3. NH4Cl Aka: muriate of hartshorn IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: Use: 1.expectorant 1. NH4Br 2. diuretic use: depressant/sedative 3. urinary acidifier COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY E. NH4 5. NH4I 3. NH4Cl Use: 1. source of iodide Aka: muriate of hartshorn 2. expectorant Use: 1.expectorant 3. antifungal 2. diuretic 3. urinary acidifier 6. NH4CH3COO 4. HgNH2Cl Aka: spirit of mendererus Aka: white precipitate Use: styptic Use: topical anti-infective COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Coinage metals Can occur in free metal state Complexes/ chelates Pcol actions: 1. protein precipitant A. Cu 2. enhances physiological utilization Aka: Cuprum of iron Only reddish metal 3. toxicity: Wilson’s Disease Component of hemocyanin and cytochrome oxidase Antidote: Penicillamine 2 important alloys: 1. Brass: Cu + Zn 2. Bronze: Cu + Sn COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Coinage metals IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 2. [Cu3(AsO3)2.Cu(C2H3O2)2] 1.CuSO4.5H2O Aka: Paris green Aka: blue vitriol, blue stone Use: insecticide Use: component of benedict’s,barfoed’s and fehling’s ingredient 3. (Cu)3(C6H5O7)3 Antidote for PHOSPHORUS poisoning Use: astringent in 8% concentration Ingredient of Bordeaux mixture COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY B. Ag Use: Aka: argentum, shining, bright 1. treatment of warts Pcol action: Oligodynamic property 2. eye antiseptic for newborn babies of mother with gonorrhea (germicidal action) Toxicity: argyria Antidote: NSS 2. Ag (NH3)2NO3 Aka: Howe’s solution IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: Use: 1. dental protective A. Soluble compounds 2. desensitizing agent 1.AgNO3 Aka: Lapiz infernulariz, lunar caustic, indelible ink, caustic pencil COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY B. Ag B. Insoluble compounds 2. Ag proteinate 1.AgI a. Mild Ag Proteinate Aka: ARGYROL -poisonous Use: antiseptic for the eye -disinfectant b. Strong Ag Proteinate Aka: Protargol Stronger germicide for ear and throat c. Colloidal Ag Proteinate Aka: Collargol Use general germicide COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY C. Au Aka: Aurum. Shining dawn, King of all metals Most malleable and ductile Best conductor of electricity Dissolved by: 1. aqua regia (3part HCl + 1 part HNO3) 2. Selenic acid IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 1.Aurothioglucose (IM) -Treatment of Gout and R.A 2. Gold Na Thiomalate (IM) -Treatment of Gout and R.A 3. Auranofin (PO) -Treatment of Gout and R.A COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY ALKALINE EARTH METALS A. Be Natural Sources: 1. As silicates: (talc, asbestos) Never employed in medicine because 2. As CO3: (magnesite, dolomite) it is the most toxic metal 3. As SO4: (keiserite) Fluorescent lamp Pcol action: 1. Laxative 2. Depressant 3. Natural Ca-channel blocker B. Mg Lightest of all structurally important metal Antidote: Ca Gluconate Chlorophyll component Compound of Grignard’s reagent COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: MgCO3 MgO Aka: Magnesia Aka: calcined magnesia 1. Antacid 1. laxative 2. Laxative 2. antacid 3. component of Universal antidote Mg(OH)2 Aka: milk of magnesia, magnesia magma 2MgO. 3SiO2.nH2O Use: Antacid and Laxative Use: antacid Advantage: prolonged antacid action COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: MgSO4 Mg3(C6H5O7)2 Aka: Epsom salt Magnesium Citrate Use: 1. cathartic (PO) Aka: lemonada purgante, purgative lemon 2. anticonvulsant (IM) 3. Antidote for Ba toxicity Hydrated Mg Silicate Aka: talc, soapstone, french chalk Softest mineral Uses: 1. Filtering agent 2. Clarifying agent 3. Dusting powder COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY C. Ca Deficiency state: 2nd most abundant cation in 1. osteoporosis extracellular fluid 2. osteomalacia (adults) Vit D is needed for its maximum 3. rickets (immature mammals) absorption 4.hypocalcemia Pcol action: 1. blood coagulation factor 2. important muscle contraction 3. important release of neurotransmitter 4. primary element of bones and teeth COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CaCl2 C. Ca Aka: muriate of lime IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS Use: Ca replenisher CaBr2 Sedative/depressant Ca Gluconate Use: Ca supplement and replenisher CaCO3 Aka: precipitated chalk, prepared chalk Ca(OH)2 1. antacid Aka: slaked lime, milk of lime, calcium hydrate 2. ingredient of toothpaste, dentrifices 1. antacid 2. saponifying agent COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Ca(C3H5O3)2 Ca3(PO4)2 Use: Ca supplement Aka: bone ash Use: antacid CaHPO4. 2H2O Use: source of Ca and PO4 CaClO or CaOCl Aka: chlorinated lime, CaO Aka: lime, quicklime, calx chloride of lime 1.component of Use: 1. disinfectant Bordeaux mixture 2. bleaching agent 2. insecticide CaSO4. 1/2H2O or 2H2O Aka: plaster of paris, gypsum, terra alba 1. rodenticide 2. prep of surgical casts and dental impressions COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY D. Sr Use: manufacture of flares IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 1.BaSO4 IMPORTANT COMPOUND: Use: radiopaque subs used for GIT imaging 1. SrCl2 Use: temperature de sensitizing agent (SENSODYNE) 2. Ba(OH)2 Use: CO2 absorbent E. Ba Aka: Heavy F. Ra Toxicity: Baritosis Marie Curie Antidote: Epsom Salt Radioactive element use for: Cancer radiotherapy Diagnostic purpose COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY VOLATILE METALS Zinc Present in insulin Pcol action: 1. Astringent 2. Antiseptic 3. Antiperspirant 4. Protectant Other uses: 1. container of batteries 2. protective coating of galvanized iron Deficiency: Parakeratosis Antidote: NaHCO3 COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: ZnS ZnCl2 Aka: white lotion, white sulfide Aka: Burnett’s disinfectant fluid Use: parasiticide, topical protectant, antiseptic 1. disinfectant/antiseptic 2. dentin desensitizer ZnSO4. 7H2O 3. Corrosive Aka: white vitriol 1. emetic ZnO 2. astringent Aka: Zinc white, Lassar’s paste 3. prep of white lotion Use: antiseptic, astringent, topical protectant Hydrated Zinc Silicate ZnO2 Aka: Natural calamine Use: antiseptic Use: topical protectant Zinc-eugenol cement – dental protective COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Cadmium Pcol action: astringent Other use: manufacture of stink bomb Poisoning: itai-itai (ouch-ouch) Antidote: BAL (British Anti-Lewesite) or (Dimercaprol) IMPORTANT COMPOUND: CdCl2 1. emetic 2. treatment of Tinea infection CdS Aka: yellow sulfide Use: anti-seborrheic COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: Mercury Aka: Quicksilver, messenger of Gods Hg2Cl2 1. diuretic Aka: calomel 2. antiseptic 1. cathartic 3. treatment of syphilis 2. local aniseptic 4. cathartic 5. parasiticidal/fungicidal HgCl2 Industrial use: Aka: corrosive sublimate thermometer, Use: disinfectant amalgams (dental cement) Disease: Minamata HgI Antidote: EDTA Use: treatment of syphilis COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Mercury HgO Aka: yellow precipitate HgI2 Use: ophthalmic anti infective Use: stimulant of indolent ulcers K2HgI4 1. antiseptic 2. component of Mayer’s reagent HgNH2Cl Aka: white precipitate Use: topical antiseptic COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY BORON GROUP A. Boron Industrial use: in vulcanizing rubber Na2B4O7. 10H2O Aka: Borax, Na tetraborate, Dobelle’s solution IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS Use: H3BO3 1. antiseptic Aka: sal sativum 2. eye wash Toxicity: lobster appearance 3. wet dressing for wounds 1. buffer (ophthamic soln 2%) 2. antiseptic 3. Tonicity adjusting agent COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY B. Al Alum -Most abundant metal [AlNH4(SO4)2. 12H2O] – NH4 salt -3rd most abundant element [AlK(SO4)2. 12H2O]- K salt Used as astringent Pcol uses: 1. astringent 2. aluminum foils used for Al(OH)3 Aka: amphojel, cremalin gel burn patients 1. antacid 2. protectant IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: Disadvantage: constipation AlCl3. 6H2O 1. astringent AlPO4 2. antiseptic Aka: phosphagel 3. antiperspirant/deodorant Used as antacid, astringent, demulcent Al2(CO3)3 Use: treatment of phosphatic calculci COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Al2O3 c. Pumice Aka: Alumina – volcanic origin and used as dental abrasive Use: treatment of silicosis C. Gallium Aluminum Silicate a. Kaolin - substitute for mercury in manufacture of arc lamps aka: china clay, native hydrated aluminum silicate use: adsorbent in diarrhea b. Bentonite aka: Soap clay, mineral soap, native colloidal hydrated magnesium silicate use: suspending agent COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CARBON group A. C Manifestation: A. crystalline – graphite, diamond B. Amorphous – coal, anthracite IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 1. CO2 Use: treatment of acne, warts, corns, calluses, Eczema 2. CO3-2 Use: 1. antacid and for effervescent tablets 3. CO -210x greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen leading to asphyxia then death Treatment: 1. 100% O2 2. Artificial air ( He 80%, O2 20%) 3. Hyperbaric O2 COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY B. Si - 2nd most abundant element IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 1. SiO2 7. Attapulgite Toxicity: Silicosis Aka: polymagma, diatabs, quintess Use: adsorbent 2. Glass: Na2CO3 + pure silica 8. Simethicone: polymeric dimethyl siloxane Use: antiflatulent 3. Kaolin - adsorbent 4. Purified Siliceous Earth –absorbent 5. Bentonite – suspending agent 6. Talc – clarifying agent , dusting agent COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY C. Sn Sources of poisoning: Aka: stannum 1. lead pipes 2. paints Use: preparation of tin cans 3. batteries IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS SnF2 – anticariogenic Pb(CH3COO)2 SnO2 Aka: sugar of lead Use: germicide Use: astringent D. Pb Pb2(CH3COO) Aka: plumbum Aka: goulard’s extract 1. astringent Use: 1. astringent 2. protein precipitant 2. antiseptic Poisoning:Plumbism Antidote: EDTA PbO Common name: LITHARGE COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Titanium / zirconium A. Ti Aka: Titan, Sons of the earth Use: powerful reducing agent IMPORTANT COMPOUND: 1. TiO2 Opacifying agent ex: OCUSERT UV Ray protectant – TiO2 reflects UV B. Zr Use: same with Al but banned due to granuloma formation Former Official Compounds: 1. Oxide 2. CO3 Both used as antiperspirant and for athlete's foot COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Nitrogen group A. Nitrogen N2O Aka: Mephitic air, azote, Aka: Laughing gas without life Use: inhalational anesthetic Most abundant gas in air: S/E: diffusion hypoxia 71% N2, 29% O2 Container: blue NO2 IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: 1. vasodilator 2. for cyanide poisoning N2 – very stable Since stable, used as INERT Atmosphere NO3- for readily oxidizable substance Use: preservative LIQ N2 – used as Refrigerant Aromatic Ammonia spirit Container: BLACK Aka: Spirit of Hartshorn, spirit of sal volatile Use: respiratory stimulant COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY B. P C. As Aka: Light carrier, St. Elmo’s fire Aka: Lewisite metal 2 forms: Insecticide: 1. White: poisonous Copper Aceto Arsenate (Paris green) 2. Red: non-poisonus Antidote: BAL IMPORTANT COMPOUND: IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: PO4 As2O3 Use: Antacid and Cathartic Insecticide/ anti-leukemic AsI3 Use: primary standard in the preparation of ceric sulfate COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY D. Sb E. Bi Pcol use: Aka: Beautiful Meadow 1. expectorant Pcol action: 2. emetic 1. astringent 3. anti-helminthic 2. antiseptic 3. internal protective for ulcer IMPORTANT COMPOUND: SbKOC4H4O6 Cause: 1. dark stool Aka: Tartar emetic, brown mixture 2. blue-black gums 1. emetic 2. Tx of schistosomiasis Antidote: BAL/Dimercaprol COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Tantalum Not affected by any body fluid, therefore inert in our body Sheet form use in repair of bones, nerve and tissue COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY CHALCOGENS A. O Aka: empyreal air, dephlogisticated air, “yne” C. Se -Most abundant element Aka: Selena, moon -Use: treatment of hypoxia/asphyxia Essential trace element -Container: green Promotes absorption of Vit. E Use: antioxidant B. S Aka: brimstone, shubari, IMPORTANT COMPOUND: enemy of copper 1. SeS2 (Selsun blue) - Used in preparation of scabicidal and use: anti-dandruff keratolytic ointment or lotion - stimulant cathartic - depilatory agent - Anti dandruff COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Chromium / molybdenum / uranium A. Chromium B. Molybdenum Essential trace element Essential trace element Glucose tolerance factor Co-factor enzyme Deficiency: hyperglycemia IMPORTANT COMPOUND: IMPORTANT COMPOUND: Molybdenum Oxide K2Cr2O7 + FeSO4 – use: hematinic Use: oxidizing agent Brand name: MOL-IRON C. Uranium -Discovered by Becquerel -Radioactive element used for manufacture of atomic bombs -No pharmaceutical use COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Halogens A. F 2. SnF2 Strongest oxidizing agent Use: anti cariogenic Poisoning: fluorosis at 8% soln Principal manifestation: B. Cl 1. mottled enamel Aka: Dephlogisticated muriatic acid 2. abnormal bone growth Most abundant extracellular anion Used as water disinfectant IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 1. NaF IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: Use: anti cariogenic 1. Hypochlorite (Na, K) at 2% soln Use: bleaching agent 2. HCl Use: treatment of achlorhydria COLLEGEOFPHARMACY  UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY C. Br D. I - Dark reddish brown fuming liquid with suffocating odor -expectorant -anti fungal -action: sedative/ depressant -Deficiency: goiter -Poisoning: bromism -Principal manifestation: -Elemental Iodine preparation: 1. Strong Iodine soln aka: 1. skin eruption Lugol’s soln 2. psychosis 2. Iodine Tincture – disinfectant 3. weakness 3. Povidone-Iodine - BETADINE 4. headache Antidote: NaCl and NH4Cl E. At -Only metallic -Only synthetic halogen -Only radioactive halogen COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Manganese / Technecium A. Mn Co-factor in: IMPORTANT COMPOUND: 1. protein synthesis 1. KMnO4 2. phosphorylation Aka: mineral chameleon 3.fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis Use: 1. oxidizing agent 2. antiseptic Poisoning: Parkinson -like B. Tc -1st element produced artificially -Used in preparation of radiopharmaceuticals COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Noble gases A. He -2nd lightest gas D. Kr -Toxicity (inhalation): Least abundant of all noble gas donald duck-like sound Have inhalational anesthetic activity -Container: brown E. Xe B. Ne Investigational with inhalational For advertising anesthetic activity C. Ar F. Rn Most abundant noble gas Aka: niton Substitute for N2 in providing inert Synthetic noble gas atmosphere. Used for treatment of CA (Cervical CA) COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Iron Present In proteins: IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: Hemoglobin FesO4 Transferrin Ferritin Aka: green vitriol Cytochrome oxidase Use: hematinic S/E: constipation Enhance absorption of ✓ Vit. C ✓ Copper Ferrous gluconate Brand name: FERGON Use: hematinic adv: less irritating Toxicity: 1. GIT distress Ferrous fumarate 2. cardiac collapse Antidote: Deferroxamine Brand name: TOLERON COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY FeCO3 Aka: chalybeate pills, ferrunginous pills Use: hematinic FeCl3 Use: 1. astringent 2. styptic 3. detection of tannins Please MEMORIZE by Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 HEART ☺ Ferric ferrocyanide or prussian blue I know you can! Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 Ferrous ferricyanide or turnbull’s blue COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Other metals Cobalt Osmium Essential in development of erythrocyte and Heaviest/ densest metal hemoglobin Component of vit B12 Defeciency: megaloblastic anemia IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 1. Osmic acid IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS 2. Osmium tetroxide CoCl2 - Both used in staining microorganism for microscopic study especially in electron Aka: lover’s ink, sympathetic ink microscopy Use: desiccator indicator Platinum & Palladium Nickel Catalyst in finely divided steel Aka: old nick’s copper Fossil fuel COLLEGEOFPHARMACY UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP – DR. JOSE G. TAMAYO MEDICAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGEOFPHARMACY