Infection Prevention And Control Lecture 7 PDF

Contrast Media in Radiography and Medical Imaging RAD 244 INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL LECTURE 7 1 Lecture Objectives To introduce the following concepts Asepsis The chain of infection Hand hygiene and Gloves Infection Prevention and Control Common Health...

Contrast Media in Radiography and Medical Imaging RAD 244 INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL LECTURE 7 1 Lecture Objectives To introduce the following concepts Asepsis The chain of infection Hand hygiene and Gloves Infection Prevention and Control Common Health Care–Associated Infections and Transmission- Based Precautions Standard Precautionary Measures for Infection Control Minimizing Infection Transmission in the Radiology Department 2  Asepsis Asepsis: is the absence of disease-producing organisms *. (preventing infection) the absence of bacteria, Viruses and other microorganisms. Types of asepsis: 1. Medical asepsis 2. Surgical asepsis * Standard Precautions, Transmission Based, Surgical Asepsis: NCLEX-RN || Registere dNursing.org 3  Types of asepsis a. Medical asepsis (clean technique): All practices that reduce the number, growth, transfer and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. They include hand washing, bathing, cleaning environment, gloving, gowning, wearing mask, hair and shoe covers, disinfecting articles and use of antiseptics. b. Surgical asepsis (sterile technique); Practices that keep an area or objects free from all microorganisms non pathogenic and pathogenic including spores and 4  Purposes of medical asepsis: 1. To prevent cross infection on hospital environment. 2. To control infection. 3. To ensure patient's comfort, safety and psychological well-being 5  Definitio ns Disinfection: Process of eliminating pathogenic organisms on an inanimate** object with the exception of spores. Disinfectant: Is a chemical substance that is used for disinfecting only an inanimate object e.g. (phenol, chlorine) Antiseptic solution: Is a substance that is used on person's skin to inhibit the growth and activity of microorganisms, but not necessarily destroy them. 6  Definition s Contamination*: The process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile Infection: Is an invasion of the body tissue by pathogenic microorganism Carriers; Are people or animals that show no symptoms of illness but that have pathogens on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others. Nosocomial infection also known as :Hospital acquired infection: It is an infection acquired from health care settings. It may be exogenous infection when part of the client's flora become altered and an over growth results. - It is infection(s) acquired during the process of receiving health care that was not present during the time of admission 7  Definitio ns Resident pathogens: These are organisms normally present on skin and are not easily removed by hand washing unless considerable friction is used. Transient pathogens: These are microorganisms attached to the skin when a person comes in contact to another person during normal activity of living and easily removed by disinfection. Concurrent disinfection; Practices that are done, on a day to day basis in the care of the patient, his body, and his 8 immediate environment to limit or control spread of  The chain of infection We could have more coronavirus outbreaks in tower blocks. Here's how lockdown should w ork (theconversation.com) 9  Hand hygiene and Gloves Thousands of people die every day around the world from infections acquired while receiving health care. Hands are the main pathways of germ transmission during health care. Hand hygiene is therefore the most important measure to avoid the transmission of harmful germs and prevent health care-associated infections. Any health-care worker, caregiver or person involved in direct or indirect patient care needs to be concerned about hand hygiene and should be able to perform it correctly and at the right time. *Hand_Hygiene_Why_How_and_When_Brochure.pdf (who.int) 10  Hand hygiene and Gloves Clean hands by rubbing them with an alcohol-based formulation, as the preferred mean for routine hygienic hand antisepsis if hands are not visibly soiled. It is faster, more effective, and better tolerated by your hands than washing with soap and water. Wash hands with soap and water when hands are visibly dirty or visibly soiled with blood or other body fluids or after using the toilet. If exposure to potential spore-forming pathogens is strongly 11 12 13  Points to remember Take care of your hands by regularly using a protective hand cream or lotion, at least daily. Do not routinely wash hands with soap and water immediately before or after using an alcohol-based hand rub. Do not use hot water to rinse your hands. After hand rubbing or handwashing, let your hands dry completely before putting on gloves Do not wear artificial fingernails or extenders when in direct contact with patients. Keep natural nails short. 14 Hand hygiene- when 15  MEDICAL GLOVE USE The use of gloves does not replace the need for cleaning your hands. Hand hygiene must be performed when appropriate regardless of the indications for glove use. Remove gloves to perform hand hygiene, when an indication occurs while wearing gloves. Discard gloves after each task and clean your hands – gloves may carry germs. Wear gloves only when indicated according to Standard and Contact Precautions, otherwise they become a major risk for germ transmission. 16 The Glove Pyramid – to aid decision making on when to wear (and not to wear) gloves 17 Infection prevention and control (IPC) (IPC) is a scientific approach and practical solution designed to prevent harm caused by infection to patients and health workers. No country, no health-care facility can claim to be free of infections 18 Infection prevention and control (IPC) IPC unit should deliver its work based on five main functions: 1. Leadership, connecting and coordinating 2. Campaigns(promotions) and advocacy (support, encouragements) 3. Technical guidance and implementation 4. Capacity-building 5. Measuring and learning. WHO | Infection prevention and control 19 Common Health Care–Associated Infections and Transmission-Based Precautions Modes of Details Precautionary Transmission Measures Direct Infections which transmit  Hand hygiene contact through direct contact with  Gowns and gloves an infected patient either by Equipment physical touch or by direct disinfection droplet infection (sneeze, cough) Airborne Infection transmission  Hand hygiene through small respiratory  Respirator mask droplets like sneeze, cough,  Equipment laugh, exhale, etc. disinfection 20  Common Health Care–Associated Infections and Transmission-Based Precautions Modes of Details Precautionary Transmission Measures Droplet Infection transmission  Hand hygiene through large respiratory  Surgical mask droplets including cough,  Equipment sneeze or drip within 3 feet of disinfection patient Enteric Infection through exposure to  Hand wash with soap infected body secretions and water (Alcohol including feces, vomit or is not effective) contaminated food and water  Gowns and gloves  Equipment disinfection 21 Common Health Care–Associated Infections and Transmission-Based Precautions Modes of Details Precautionary Transmission Measures Blood borne Infection that spread  Hand hygiene infection through contamination by  Gowns and gloves blood and other body fluids  Proper handling of sharps, needles, devices and body fluids  Equipment disinfection Health Care-Associated Infections and the Radiology Department (j mirs.org) 22  Standard Precautionary (preventable) Measures for Infection Control Hand hygiene  Adherence to hand washing protocols.  Use of hand sanitizer or soap and water. General  Proper awareness and education of education/hygie general hygiene and infection control ne measures.  Standard hygiene etiquette while sick or having cough. Use of personal  Use of personal protective equipment protective (PPE) as per the mode of transmission of equipment the disease, these include gloves, gowns, goggles, masks, coveralls, foot/leg covers, respirators, and apron. 23  Standard Precautionary Measures for Infection Control Patient handling  Proper care while transfer and handling of infected/undiagnosed patients. Isolation  Proper quarantine of infected patients. protocols  Use of isolation techniques and isolation units.  Limited interaction of staff with the infected patients Disposal  Limited handling of soiled linen. precautions  Proper disposal of soiled objects 24  Standard Precautionary Measures for Infection Control Needles/  Occupational awareness of needle sharps stick injuries (NSIs). handling  Proper handling and disposal of sharp objects and needles Equipment  Proper disinfection of equipment disinfection and devices before and after handling the infected patients. Environmenta  Proper environmental disinfection l hygiene measures.  Adherence to standard waste management protocols. 25  How to Minimize Infection Transmission in the Radiology Department Standard precautions are the primary strategy for the prevention of health care–associated infections and apply to all patients at all times. Components of standard precautions include: 1. Hand hygiene 2. The use of appropriate personal protective equipment when contact with blood or body fluid is anticipated 3. Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette 4. Safe injection practices, and infection control practices for special procedures (lumbar). *rg.2015140034 (rsna.org) 26 How to Minimize Infection Transmission in the Radiology Department Face masks should be worn by all health care workers during catheter placement or injection into the spinal or epidural space. The use of face masks is also recommended during the placement of central venous catheters. All blood borne pathogen exposures should be reported immediately to the appropriate health care provider as designated by your institution (typically, employee health services during working hours or the emergency department after hours). 27 How to Minimize Infection Transmission in the Radiology Department Hand hygiene The scientific evidence shows that appropriate hand hygiene is the single most effective action to stop the spread of infection Hand washing with soap and water is required for patients under contact special precautions because certain infectious agents (e.g. C difficile spores** and, possibly, norovirus strains**) are not inactivated by alcohol-based hand rubs. Hand hygiene for all initiative: improving access and behaviour in health care facilities (who.int) 28 How to Minimize Infection Transmission in the Radiology Department Unlike bacteria and viruses, prions** (diseases) are unusually resistant to standard decontamination methods and are most reliably destroyed by incineration (burning) A prion**is a misfolded protein that induces misfolding in normal variants of the same protein, leading to cellular death 29 !Thank you 30