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Questions and Answers
What is the recommended action to stop the spread of infection?
What is the recommended action to stop the spread of infection?
Prions are effectively destroyed by standard decontamination methods.
Prions are effectively destroyed by standard decontamination methods.
False
What should be done immediately after blood borne pathogen exposure?
What should be done immediately after blood borne pathogen exposure?
Report to the appropriate health care provider.
Certain infectious agents, such as C difficile spores and possibly ______, are not inactivated by alcohol-based hand rubs.
Certain infectious agents, such as C difficile spores and possibly ______, are not inactivated by alcohol-based hand rubs.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What is the primary purpose of hand hygiene in healthcare settings?
What is the primary purpose of hand hygiene in healthcare settings?
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Resident pathogens are easily removed by hand washing.
Resident pathogens are easily removed by hand washing.
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What term is used for infections acquired during the process of receiving health care?
What term is used for infections acquired during the process of receiving health care?
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A ___ is a person or animal that shows no symptoms of illness but carries pathogens.
A ___ is a person or animal that shows no symptoms of illness but carries pathogens.
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Match the following types of pathogens with their descriptions:
Match the following types of pathogens with their descriptions:
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What is defined as the invasion of body tissue by pathogenic microorganisms?
What is defined as the invasion of body tissue by pathogenic microorganisms?
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Concurrent disinfection practices are performed only at the end of patient care.
Concurrent disinfection practices are performed only at the end of patient care.
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What is the preferred means for routine hygienic hand antisepsis if hands are not visibly soiled?
What is the preferred means for routine hygienic hand antisepsis if hands are not visibly soiled?
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What is the primary precautionary measure for infections transmitted through direct contact?
What is the primary precautionary measure for infections transmitted through direct contact?
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Airborne infections can be transmitted through large respiratory droplets.
Airborne infections can be transmitted through large respiratory droplets.
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What is the recommended hand hygiene measure for enteric infections?
What is the recommended hand hygiene measure for enteric infections?
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Infection transmission through large respiratory droplets requires a ______ mask.
Infection transmission through large respiratory droplets requires a ______ mask.
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What is the appropriate method to wash hands when they are visibly dirty?
What is the appropriate method to wash hands when they are visibly dirty?
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Match the following modes of transmission with their precautionary measures:
Match the following modes of transmission with their precautionary measures:
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Using gloves eliminates the need for hand hygiene.
Using gloves eliminates the need for hand hygiene.
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What should be used to take care of your hands regularly?
What should be used to take care of your hands regularly?
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Which infection transmission mode requires specialized handling of sharps and needles?
Which infection transmission mode requires specialized handling of sharps and needles?
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Alcohol-based hand rubs are known to be faster, more effective, and better tolerated by your hands than washing with _____ and water.
Alcohol-based hand rubs are known to be faster, more effective, and better tolerated by your hands than washing with _____ and water.
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Hand hygiene includes alcohol-based products for all types of infections.
Hand hygiene includes alcohol-based products for all types of infections.
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Match the following IPC functions with their descriptions:
Match the following IPC functions with their descriptions:
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What is the primary measure for preventing infections transmitted through feces or contaminated food?
What is the primary measure for preventing infections transmitted through feces or contaminated food?
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When should gloves be discarded and hands cleaned?
When should gloves be discarded and hands cleaned?
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Hot water should be used to rinse hands during washing.
Hot water should be used to rinse hands during washing.
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What is the primary purpose of infection prevention and control (IPC)?
What is the primary purpose of infection prevention and control (IPC)?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of standard precautions in infection control?
Which of the following is NOT a component of standard precautions in infection control?
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Face masks are required for health care workers during catheter placement or injection.
Face masks are required for health care workers during catheter placement or injection.
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What should be done with soiled linen in a healthcare setting?
What should be done with soiled linen in a healthcare setting?
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Standard precautions apply to all patients at all __________.
Standard precautions apply to all patients at all __________.
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Match the following personal protective equipment with their uses:
Match the following personal protective equipment with their uses:
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What is the purpose of disinfection in a healthcare environment?
What is the purpose of disinfection in a healthcare environment?
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Personal protective equipment is only necessary when dealing with infected patients.
Personal protective equipment is only necessary when dealing with infected patients.
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Proper __________ practice involves adhering to techniques to minimize infection during procedures.
Proper __________ practice involves adhering to techniques to minimize infection during procedures.
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What is the main focus of medical asepsis?
What is the main focus of medical asepsis?
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Surgical asepsis requires the environment to be clean but does not require sterility.
Surgical asepsis requires the environment to be clean but does not require sterility.
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What is the process of eliminating pathogenic organisms on inanimate objects called?
What is the process of eliminating pathogenic organisms on inanimate objects called?
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_____ is a substance used on a person's skin to inhibit the growth and activity of microorganisms.
_____ is a substance used on a person's skin to inhibit the growth and activity of microorganisms.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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Which of the following is NOT a practice included in medical asepsis?
Which of the following is NOT a practice included in medical asepsis?
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One of the purposes of medical asepsis is to ensure the patient's psychological well-being.
One of the purposes of medical asepsis is to ensure the patient's psychological well-being.
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List two types of asepsis mentioned.
List two types of asepsis mentioned.
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Study Notes
Contrast Media in Radiography and Medical Imaging
- This lecture, RAD 244, focuses on infection prevention and control methods in radiology.
- The lecture objectives cover various concepts including asepsis, the chain of infection, hand hygiene, infection prevention and control, common healthcare-associated infections, transmission-based precautions and minimizing infection transmission in the radiology department.
Asepsis
- Asepsis is the absence of disease-producing organisms.
- It's a practice aimed at preventing infections.
- It involves the absence of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.
- Types of asepsis:
- Medical asepsis (clean technique): Practices that reduce the number, growth, transfer and spread of pathogenic microorganisms. This includes things like handwashing, bathing, cleaning, gloving, gowning and using antiseptics.
- Surgical asepsis (sterile technique): Practices that keep an area or objects free from all microorganisms (pathogenic and non-pathogenic).
Purposes of Medical Asepsis
- To prevent cross-infections in hospital environments.
- To control infections.
- To ensure patient comfort, safety, and psychological well-being.
Definitions
- Disinfection: Eliminating pathogenic organisms from an inanimate object, excluding spores.
- Disinfectant: Chemical substances used for disinfecting inanimate objects (e.g., phenol, chlorine).
- Antiseptic solution: Substances used on skin to inhibit the growth and activity of microorganisms without necessarily destroying them.
Definitions (cont.)
- Contamination: The rendering of something unclean or unsterile
- Infection: Pathogenic microorganisms invading body tissues.
- Carriers: Individuals or animals carrying pathogens without symptoms.
- Nosocomial infections (Hospital-acquired infections): Infections acquired in healthcare settings.
- Can be exogenous (from outside sources) or endogenous (from the client's own flora).
Definitions (cont.)
- Resident pathogens: Organisms normally present on skin that are not easily removed by handwashing.
- Transient pathogens: Microorganisms attaching to skin when people interact then easily removed by disinfection.
- Concurrent disinfection: Daily practices to limit infection spread in client care environments.
The Chain of Infection
- Susceptible host (Elderly, Infants, Immunocompromised).
- Pathogen (Bacteria, Virus, Fungi, Parasite).
- Portal of Entry (Mouth, Nose, Eyes, Cuts).
- Reservoir (People, Animals, Soil, Food, Water).
- Mode of Transmission (Direct Contact, Indirect Contact, Vectors).
- Portal of Exit (Coughing/Sneezing, Bodily Secretions, Feces).
Hand hygiene and Gloves
- Thousands of people die daily from infections acquired during healthcare.
- Hands are the main germ transmission pathway.
- Hand hygiene is the most important measure to avoid infections and transmission.
- All health care workers need to be concerned and practice correct hygiene.
- Clean hands by rubbing with alcohol-based formulations when not visibly soiled
- Wash with soap and water for visibly soiled hands/body fluids.
Hand hygiene (cont.)
- If exposure to spore-forming pathogens is likely, use soap and water.
- Hand hygiene procedures:
- Apply product to all hand/surface areas (20–30 sec).
- Right palm over left dorsum, interlocked fingers
- Palm to palm, interlocked fingers
- Backs of fingers to opposing palms, interlocked fingers
- Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa
- Repeat circular motions, backwards and forwards
Handwashing
- Handwashing procedures (40-60 sec):
- Wet hands with water
- Apply enough soap to all surfaces
- Rub hands palm to palm
- Right palm over left dorsum with interlocked fingers and vice versa
- Palm to palm with fingers interlocked
- Backs of fingers to opposing palms with fingers interlocked
- Rotational rubbing of left thumb clasped in right palm and vice versa
- Rotational rubbing, backwards and forwards with clasped fingers of right hand in left palm and vice versa
- Rinse hands with water
- Dry thoroughly with a disposable towel
Points to Remember
- Use protective hand creams daily.
- Do not wash hands with soap and water just before or after an alcohol-based rub
- Do not use hot water to rinse hands
- Let hands air dry.
- Avoid using artificial nails.
- Keep natural nails short.
Hand Hygiene - When
- Practice hand hygiene before and after patient contact.
- Hand hygiene is needed when potential exposure risk to body fluids is present
Medical Glove Use
- Gloves do not replace hand hygiene.
- Hand hygiene is performed regularly, regardless of glove use.
- Gloves should be removed before hand hygiene.
- Gloves should be discarded after each use.
The Glove Pyramid
- Provides a decision-making guide for glove use versus no glove use in different scenarios.
Infection Prevention and Control (IPC)
- IPC is a scientific approach to prevent infection harm in patients and healthcare workers.
IPC Functions
- IPC units should deliver their work via five main functions: leadership, campaigns, technical guidance, capacity building, and measuring & learning.
Common Healthcare-Associated Infections
- Direct contact
- Airborne
- Droplet
- Enteric
- Blood borne
Standard Precautionary Measures
- Hand hygiene
- General education
- use of Personal protective equipment(PPE)
- Patient handling
- Isolation protocols
- Disposal precautions
- Needles/sharps handling
- Equipment/environment hygiene
Minimizing Infection Transmission in the Radiology Department
- Hand hygiene is the primary strategy for preventing healthcare-associated infections.
- Personal protection equipment (PPE) is needed when there is anticipated exposure to blood or body fluids.
- Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette should be followed.
- Safe injection techniques and infection control practices are needed.
- Special procedures (e.g., lumbar) require specific care.
- Wear masks during catheter placement or injection into the spinal or epidural space.
- Report all bloodborne pathogen exposures to the appropriate health care provider.
How to Minimize Infection Transmission (cont.)
- Appropriate hand hygiene is critical; washing with soap and water is better than alcohol-based hand rubs for many pathogens.
- Prions are unusually resistant to standard decontamination methods. Incineration is the best method to eliminate them.
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Description
Test your knowledge on infection control practices in healthcare. This quiz covers important concepts such as hand hygiene, types of pathogens, and exposure to blood-borne pathogens. Learn how to effectively prevent the spread of infections in clinical environments.
