Industrial Revolution (PDF)

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LESSON OUTLINE A. Conditions/ Factors B. Innovations and Industries C. Spread in Europe and USA D. Economic Theories: Capitalism and Socialism OBJECTIVE: Describe the global transformation brought by industrialization on multiple levels, the scope and depth of change from...

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION LESSON OUTLINE A. Conditions/ Factors B. Innovations and Industries C. Spread in Europe and USA D. Economic Theories: Capitalism and Socialism OBJECTIVE: Describe the global transformation brought by industrialization on multiple levels, the scope and depth of change from international politics to village economics  a period of rapid growth in the use of machines in manufacturing and production that began in Great Britain during the mid-1700s STARTING POINT  CAUSES Availability of natural resources: coal, iron, and abundant source of water Availability of raw materials and markets: colonies Canal system: transportation of products and materials Change in agricultural setup: enclosure movement Growth of private investment: funds from wealthy merchants Government support: laws for businesses  FACTORS OF PRODUCTION LAND – natural resources (Great Britain was rich in coal to burn as fuel, iron to make into steel and machinery, water from its streams and rivers to turn waterwheels and generate power, and many of the waterways also provided transportation between mines, factories, and markets) LABOR – workforce (Great Britain had the growing population made possible by a greater food supply) CAPITAL– machinery, tools, buildings, and financial resources like money and investments (Great Britain was generally prosperous, and people had money to spend. It also had “human capital” or people with abilities and skills that are needed in industry) COTTAGE INDUSTRY a small-scale industry carried on at home by family members using their own equipment INNOVATIONS AND INDUSTRIES  AGRICULTURE Revolution in agriculture was the result of the innovations employed by landowners and workers in this field. Landowners and farmers tried new scientific methods of planting to improve crop production. CROP ROTATION – planting different crops SEED DRILL ANIMAL BREEDING (sheep and cattle) sequentially on the same plot of land Jethro Tull (1701) Robert Bakewell (1760s)  TEXTILE INDUSTRY It was the first British industry to be industrialized, producing various products such as cotton, linen, and wool, and others. The invention of machines paved the way for faster textile production, and a more efficient way of manufacturing that required less manual labor. Below are the important machines made during this time: FLYING SHUTTLE SPINNING JENNY SPINNING MULE COTTON GIN John Kay (1733) James Hargreaves (1764) Samuel Crompton (1779) Eli Whitney (1793)  TRANSPORTATION Improvements in transportation also came to the surface as a result of the increasing developments in industries during this period. New sources of power began to be used which made transportation more efficient and more accessible. STEAM ENGINE ROAD CONSTRUCTION RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVE” “Rocket” James Watt (1764) John McAdam (1820) George Stephenson (1829)  IRON INDUSTRY The demand for iron increased as more iron were needed in making machines and factories. The process of iron-making was improved through the contributions shown below: PUDDLING PROCESS (iron production) BESSEMER PROCESS (steel production) Henry Cort (1784) Henry Bessemer (1856)  Factory system is a method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor FACTORY MASS PRODUCTION – system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items that led to dramatic increase in production SYSTEM INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS – identical machine-made parts that made production and repair of factory-made goods more efficient ASSEMBLY LINE – product moves from worker to worker, as each one performs a step in the manufacturing process INDUSTRIALIZATION SPREADS  EUROPE Belgium – establish its own textile manufacturing industry in 1807 Switzerland – specialized in niche products such as clock making, silk weaving, cotton processing and engineering France – after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, the French government gave financial support for building industry, making the country an industrial power by 1848 Germany – the construction of a railway system in boosted steel production and expanded the growth of heavy industries in 1850  USA The first cotton mill established in the United States was constructed and founded by Samuel Slater in Beverley, Massachusetts.. The adoption of the Bessemer process for manufacturing steel in large quantities was made possible by the establishment of the first steel mills owned by Andrew Carnegie. John D. Rockefeller established the Standard Oil Trust – which was a merger of many companies under his name. In effect, this created a monopoly where in Rockefeller effectively soloed the operation and profit of the oil business in the United States.  ASIA Although Japan is one of the world’s industrial leaders today, the Industrialization only took hold there after 1868, when the Meiji government came to power and modernized the country’s economy. Within just a few decades, Japan had thriving industries. The industrialization of other major world powers including China, India, and Russia would not occur until the 1900s.  ECONOMIC THEORIES: CAPITALISM & SOCIALISM  CAPITALISM In the book The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith discussed the following points: oPeople work for their own interest oCompetition creates a superior product as opposed to a non-competitive market oThe more bountiful the goods the lesser the price. Scarcer the goods the more expensive it gets. The work and ideas of Adam Smith influenced the foundation of capitalism. Capitalism is an economic principle which emphasizes the value of production owned by private entities for the purpose of profit. SOCIALISM The ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels emphasized that the government and private business owners must see beyond profit and would rather look after the welfare of the workers The Communist Manifesto was written by Marx and Engels and outlines the exploitation of the proletariat “have-nots” by the bourgeoisie “haves.” According to Marx and Engels the capitalist setup further enriched the wealthy and further impoverished the poor.  EFFECTS Development of labor-saving, time-saving machines Shift from cottage industries to the factory system Poor working conditions in factories Establishment of labor unions Overcrowding, pollution, disease in cities Competing ideas about economics Rise in the standard of living and the growth of the middle class Rise of new industries, powerful industrialists, and industrialized countries IN SUMMARY: CAUSES: Industrial Revolution EFFECTS: Availability of natural resources: coal, iron, Development of labor-saving, time-saving and abundant source of water INNOVATIONS AND INDUSTRIES machines Availability of raw materials and markets: Agriculture – crop rotation, seed drill (Jethro Tull), Shift from cottage industries to the factory colonies animal breeding (Robert Bakewell) system Canal system: transportation of products and Textile Industry – flying shuttle (John Kay), spinning Poor working conditions in factories materials jenny (James Hargreaves), spinning mule (Samuel Establishment of labor unions Change in agricultural setup: enclosure Crompton), cotton gin (Eli Whitney) Overcrowding, pollution, and disease in cities movement Transportation – steam engine (James Watt), road Competing ideas about economics: Capitalism Growth of private investment: funds from construction (John McAdam), Railway Locomotive and Socialims wealthy merchants (George Stephenson) Rise in the standard of living and the growth of Government support: laws for businesses Iron Industry – Puddling Process (Henry Cort), the middle class Factors of production: land, labor, and capital Bessemer Process (Henry Bessemer) Rise of new industries, powerful industrialists, and industrialized countries FACTORY SYSTEM: SPREAD TO OTHER REGIONS: Mass production Europe Interchangeable parts USA Assembly line Asia  REFERENCES Learning Guides 1.1 & 1.2 – The Industrial Revolution as a World Event (2020). Philippine Science High School System. Barluado, B.A., Jr. (2020). Learning Guides 1.3 – The Industrial Revolution in Other Parts of Europe and the United States. Philippine Science High School System. Barluado, B.A., Jr. (2020). Learning Guides 1.4 – Economic Theories of the Industrial Revolution. Philippine Science High School System. Beck, R. et al. (2014). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Orlando, FL: Holt McDougal/ Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Ramirez, S., Sterans, P. & Wineburg A. (2008). World History: Human Legacy (Modern Era). Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. PREPARED BY: APPROVED BY: DARIGOLD P. APOPO JOHN OSIAS D. JACABAN Subject Teacher Academic Unit Head