Industrial Revolution PDF

Cycle 7 Meeting 1 Industrial Revolution Beginning of IR  How does this incident reflect broader issues with road safety in Thailand? Indian Run In today’s situation, what do you need to start a business? Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution...

Cycle 7 Meeting 1 Industrial Revolution Beginning of IR  How does this incident reflect broader issues with road safety in Thailand? Indian Run In today’s situation, what do you need to start a business? Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution The time period in the 1750’s, when people switched from making goods in the home or on the farm To mass producing goods in factories located in cities. Causes of Industrialization #1: Agricultural Revolution #2: Population Explosion #3: Energy Revolution  The Agricultural Revolution Small farms were enclosed with fences to create large, profitable farms. New farming methods and machinery increased agricultural production (More Food & Seed Drill). Better food production  Population Explosion People eat better Women give birth to healthier babies Better medical care slows the death rate All these people needed jobs & moved to cities More demand for goods Energy Revolution New machines allowed Water wheels power mass production of goods machines (many at a time). Coal used to fuel steam New inventions improved engines products and created new Faster production of goods products. Why Great Britain? Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Why did INDUSTRIALIZATION begin in England? ENGLAND HAD THE FOLLOWING: Colonial Empire: Colonies supplied Britain with raw materials & served as markets for finished goods (mercantilism). Capital: wealthy merchants had money to invest. Geography: ⚪ Island – good access for trade ⚪ Irregular coastlines – great for harbor/ports ⚪ Mild temperatures (trade all year) Why did INDUSTRIALIZATION begin in England? ENGLAND HAD THE FOLLOWING: Large Labor Supply: Human Resources because of population explosion, machines replaced farmers Natural Resources: Coal & iron ore (abundant supply) New Technology: Textiles, Transportation, & Communication Stable government & Economy The Basics of an Industrialized Society Shift from rural (farming) economy to urban (city), machine based manufacturing Wage Employment- Instead of working on a farm for a share of the crops and a place to live, people earn wages in factories Movement of people from farms to cities High social mobility- easier to raise or lower social class depending on ability and work performance What is life like working in factories during the Industrial Revolution? Cycle 7 Meeting 2 A Tale of Two Cities Assuming that you were born in the 19th century, in the middle of the industrialization of Great Britain, what would be your reaction? Spread and Developments in Europe  Stage 1: Domestic System  Stage 2: Factory System Factory Production Factory Production Concentrates production in one place Located near sources of power Requires a lot of capital investment more than skilled labor Gibson Mill, a 19th century former cotton mill in secluded woodland at Hardcastle Crags near Hebden Bridge, West Yorkshire, England.  The Factory System 12-14 hour d s ay e r o u a n g s D i t i on R i g i d s c h ed u le o n d c Mo no to n o u s work  Stage 3: Use of Coal  STEAM ENGINE (POWERED BY COAL) By 1800, steam engines were replacing water wheels as sources of power for factories Factories relocated near raw materials, workers, and ports Cities grew around the factories built near central england’s coal and iron mines Young Coal Miners  Child Labor in the Mines Child “hurriers” The older children and women were employed as hurriers, pulling and pushing tubs full of coal along roadways from the coal face to the pit-bottom. The younger children worked in pairs, one as a hurrier, the other as a thruster, but the older children and women worked alone.  Synthesis: How did the industrial revolution change the lives of people? Children on the night shift going to work at 6 p.m. on a cold, dark December day. They do not come out again until 6 a.m. When they went home the next morning they were all drenched by a heavy, cold rain and had few or no wraps. Two of the smaller girls with three other sisters work on the night shift and support a big, lazy father who complains he is not well enough to work. He loafs around the country store. The oldest three of these sisters have been in the mill for 7 years, and the two youngest for two years. The latter earns 84 cents a night. Whitnel, North Carolina  Synthesis: How did the industrial revolution change the lives of people? Furman Owens, 12 years old. Can't read. Doesn't know his A,B,C's. Said, "Yes I want to learn but can't when I work all the time." Been in the mills 4 years, 3 years in the Olympia Mill. Columbia, South Carolina. Sources Sources Cruz, M.A., Fiestas, M.A., Mercado, M.(2015). K12 Social Studies World History. Quezon City Vibal Publishing. Hine, L. W. (n.d.). Child Labor in America (1908-1912). History Place. http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/ Spielvogel, J. J. (2013). World History & Geography. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill Education.  Cycle: 7 Meeting 3 Industrial Revolution Impact of IR Motivation: How can an efficient transportation system change a nation? Impact of Industrialization  The Rocket Locomotive, 1829 ✔ New jobs ✔ Lower-priced goods ✔ Larger markets ✔ More sales ✔ More factories ✔ More machineries  From Agrarian to Industrial societies By 1850, a network of iron rails spread across Europe. By 1860 in USA, many moved to the city and only about 50% were farmers.  The New Industrial City People began moving to cities for the new jobs available in factories. The movement of people to cities is known as urbanization.  Worker Housing in Manchester There were not enough houses, police officers, or sewage systems to accommodate all the people.  Problems of Pollution The Silent Highwayman - 1858 In 1844 Friedrich Engels described how untreated sewage created awful odours and turned the rivers green in industrial cities.  Factory Wages in Lancashire, 1830 Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d. 11 - 16 4s. 1d. 4s. 3d. 17 - 21 10s. 2d. 7s. 3d. 22 - 26 17s. 2d. 8s. 5d. 27 - 31 20s. 4d. 8s. 7d. 32 - 36 22s. 8d. 8s. 9d. 37 - 41 21s. 7d. 9s. 8d. 42 - 46 20s. 3d. 9s. 3d. 47 - 51 16s. 7d. 8s. 10d. 52 - 56 16s. 4d. 8s. 4d. 57 - 61 13s. 6d. 6s. 4d.  “Upstairs”/“Downstairs” Life There became a greater divide between the rich and the poor. The "Have-Nots": The Poor, The Over-Worked, & the Destitute  Class Number Wealth Occupation Most successful industrialists, bankers, merchants (wealthy upper-middle class) and aristocracy (upper class) Wealthy elite 5% 30-40% =Leaders of the government and military Lawyers, doctors, members of the civil service, business Middle class managers, engineers, architects, accountants, chemists Lower-middle class Shopkeepers, traders, prosperous farmers Traveling salespeople, bookkeepers, telephone operators, “white-collar workers” department store salespeople, secretaries Landholding peasants, farm laborers, sharecroppers, skilled Working class/lower 80% artisans, semiskilled laborers, unskilled day laborers, classes domestic servants Capitalism Laissez faire: the market could govern itself without any government intervention Free competition in the market Private individuals and companies: Must control the factors of production Make the decisions in running the economy Karl Marx and Communism (p.379) Across history, conflict arises between social classes Bourgeoisie (controls means of production) VS proletariat (laborers) Through revolution, the means of production will be transferred to the proletariat Goal: creation of society wherein everyone is equal; means of production is owned by all Reforms during the Industrial Revolution Workers joined together to form unions Engaged in bargaining with employers if refused workers would strike Factory Act of 1833- Illegal to hire children under 9 Could not work more than 8 hours a day Mines Act prevented women and children from working underground Limited workday to 10 hours  Victory for Labor Unions Improve conditions Towards a Mass Society: for the working class: ✔ Housing ✔ Higher wages ✔ Public sanitation ✔ Improved factory ✔ Universal education safety ✔ Lessen work hours ✔ Have days off "Everything People Believe about Poverty is Wrong" Homework: Quiz on French Revolution Industrial Revolution. Sources Sources Cruz, M.A., Fiestas, M.A., Mercado, M.(2015). K12 Social Studies World History. Quezon City Vibal Publishing. Spielvogel, J. J. (2013). World History & Geography. Columbus, OH: McGraw Hill Education.