Unit Notes & Study Guide Industrialism, Nationalism, Imperialism PDF

Unit Notes & Study Guide Industrialism, Nationalism, Imperialism The imperialist rough-hewn Britain, Germany, Russia, France and Japan are sharing the Chinese cake under the eyes of the terrified emperor of China. 1  The Industrial Rev...

Unit Notes & Study Guide Industrialism, Nationalism, Imperialism The imperialist rough-hewn Britain, Germany, Russia, France and Japan are sharing the Chinese cake under the eyes of the terrified emperor of China. 1  The Industrial Revolution The replacement of human and animal power with the power of machines. Starting in the 1750’s in England until today. 2  Domestic System In the domestic system people worked in homes producing goods for sale. Goods were produced slowly by hand and were expensive because of the amount of labor (time) spent creating them. 3  Factory System Workers travel from their homes to work in a factory. Goods are mass produced by machines lowering the cost of the goods. Investment and capital (money) are needed to build factories and 4  Why England? Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England? Because it had… Coal & iron ore Good harbors on rivers Skilled labor Investment capital. People were willing to risk money and invest in business ventures! 5  Agricultural Revolution Jethro Tull’s seed drill ended wasteful scattering of seed. Crop Rotation improved soil as different crops were grown each year. Breeding of the best animals created larger stock. Better farming means more people can live in cities because they are not needed on farms. 6  Textiles Textiles (wool, linen & cotton cloth) were the first industry transformed by the industrial revolution. John Kay’s flying shuttle did double the work of a skilled weaver. James Hargreaves spinning wheel spun eight threads at a time. 7  Water Power Early factories were powered by water wheels. In America Eli Whitney created the cotton gin to remove seeds from the cotton fiber. American cotton production grew from 1.5 million pounds in 1790 to 85 million in 1815. (World History McDougal Littell) 8  Steam Engine! James Watt created an efficient steam engine that could provide power without large water wheels. American Robert Fulton created the 1st steamboat that could travel UP river! 9  Railways Soon steam engines were mounted onto railway cars. These new railroads could haul tons of raw materials at amazing speeds. (20 miles per hour) Jobs were created from mining coal to building and working on railroads. 10  Urbanization Urbanization is people living in cities. People began moving into cities from the countryside looking for work in factories. Major cities grew where there were sources of coal, iron ore, and water transportation. 11  Urban Life As cities grew quickly so did problems… No building codes, development plans, sanitary codes, or effective garbage collection. Unhealthy living conditions made life miserable compared to the countryside. 12  Working Conditions Factory work was typically 14hrs 6 days per week. Unlike farm work it remained the same and didn't change with the seasons. Working condition were dangerous & the pay was low. Child Labor….. 13  Impact of Industrialization Industrialization widened the wealth gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries. (and people in America?) Imperialism resulted from the need for colonies to supply raw materials and new markets. 14  Laissez-faire Economics Adam Smith argued that governments should not regulate the economy. The law of self-interest (people work best for their own good) The law of competition (best product and price wins) Supply and demand (sets the price) 15  Capitalism Economic system in which factors of production are privately owned. Money is invested in ventures to make a profit. Nothing ventured nothing gained! You have a strong incentive to work hard and make some money ☺ 16  Socialism Unlike Laissez-faire capitalism Socialism expected government to own the factors of production. And did those feet in ancient time Walk upon England's mountains green? The theory was government And was the holy lamb of god On England's pleasant pastures seen? /public ownership would And did the countenance divine allow the economy to Shine forth upon our clouded hills? And was Jerusalem built here operate for the benefit for all. Among those dark satanic mills? (No unemployment?) 17  Marxism In The Communist Manifesto Marx argued that humanity is always divided into classes of “haves” and “have-nots”, oppressed and oppressors. Marx believed that the oppressed workers would revolt and overthrow the oppressors in a revolution and create a classless society. No private property 18  Labor Unions Workers faced long hours, dangerous working conditions and the constant threat of being fired. To improve their pay, working conditions, and job security workers joined labor unions. Workers collectively bargain for better pay and can strike if their demands are not met. 19  Social Darwinism Taking Darwin’s survival of the fittest, or natural selection and applying it to business or people. The strong become rich and survive.... 20  Imperialism Imperialism, a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically or socially. McDougal Littell World History 21  Berlin Conference In 1884, 14 European countries met at the Berlin Conference to agree how Africa would be divided between them. Europeans drew the map with little thought to ethnic identity. 22  Suez Canal In 1869 Egypt opened the Suez Canal connecting the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. By the 1880’s England had taken control of this “lifeline of the Empire”. 23  Imperialism in India India was a major supplier of raw materials to England and its population of 300 million a large market for British goods. Indian tea, cotton, coffee and indigo were important to industrial England. 24  Impact on India England’s demand for cash crops resulted in famines. India was not allowed to develop its own industry because that would compete with England. 1857 India revolted. England had to fight the “Sepoy Mutiny”. After this the “Raj” British rule of India had begun. 25  China China looked down on all foreign cultures. They didn’t welcome trade with the West. In the 1830’s England began importing Opium into China. Drug addiction devastated China. After defeat in the Opium War of 1839 China signed the treaty of Nanjing giving Hong Kong to England. 26  Sphere of Influence When a foreign nation has control over trade and economic activities of another nation. (not a colony) The “1899 Open Door Policy” is an example of this. China was not a colony, it governed itself, but was economically controlled by other nations….. 27  Boxer Rebellion In 1900 Chinese “Boxers” attempted to drive the foreign traders and their culture out of China. The rebellion failed. 28 Japan at the end of the Shogun Era 1853 Commodore Perry of the U.S. Navy forced Japan to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa opening Japan to trade with the U.S. Many Japanese were angry and by 1867 Tokugawa shogun stepped down. 29  Japan in the Meiji Era In 1867 Emperor Mutsuhito began his “Meiji Era” of enlightened rule. He felt the best way to counter Western influence was to study and adapt it to Japan’s needs. Industry, public education, modern army and navy. 30  Monroe Doctrine In 1823 President James Monroe issued what would be known as the Monroe Doctrine. It stated that the Americas should be off-limits to European colonization. 31  Spanish American War In 1898 the U.S. defeated Spain. The war was fought in Cuba and the Philippines. Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines were given to the U.S. Occupation of the Philippines was seen as American Imperialism 32  Anti-imperialism? “There must be two Americas: one that sets the captive free, and one that takes a once-captive’s new freedom away from him…” Mark Twain Many Americans felt that as a former colony America shouldn’t colonize other nations. 33  Roosevelt Corollary President Teddy Roosevelt issued an extension to the Monroe Doctrine claiming that the U.S. was “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere. The U.S. occupied Latin American nations repeatedly for the next 50 years. 34  Panama Canal After the U.S. helped Panama win its independence from ________Colombia_, work was begun on a canal. By 1914 the canal was open connecting the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and shorting the trip by 9,000 miles! 35