IMD235 Topic 1 - Introduction to Human Communication PDF

IMD235 Topic 1 - Introduction to Human Communication 1 Prepared by : HAH 1  Chapter One Goals  Identifyand communicate as speaker/listener with an awareness of the varied elements involved in communication proce...

IMD235 Topic 1 - Introduction to Human Communication 1 Prepared by : HAH 1  Chapter One Goals  Identifyand communicate as speaker/listener with an awareness of the varied elements involved in communication process.  Use the principles of human communication in your daily interactions 2 Prepared by : HAH  Content  The forms of human communication  Communication process & elements of human communication  Principles of communication 3 Prepared by : HAH  SCOPE/ AREA/ FORM OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION Areas of Human Communication Some Common Purposes Intrapersonal Communication : To think, reason, analyze, reflect. Communication with oneself. Interpersonal Communication : To discover, relate, influence, play, help. Communication between two persons. Interviewing : To learn about others, counsel or get Communication that proceeds by question and answer. counseling and to get the job or place. Small Group Communication : To share information, generate ideas, solve Communication within a small group of persons. problems, help. Public Communication : To inform, persuade, entertain. Communication of speaker to audience. Mass Communication : Communication addressed to an extremely large audience, mediated by audio and / or visual To entertain, persuade and inform. means. 4 Prepared by : HAH  SCOPE/ AREA OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION Areas of Human Communication Some Common Purposes Computer-Mediated Communication: Communication between people that takes place through some To discover, relate, influence, play, help. computer connection e.g. e-mail, chat, room, newsgroup, instant messaging, website and blog communication. Organizational Communication : To inform, persuade, relate. Communication within an organization 5 Prepared by : HAH  Communication Process  Linear model – In early models (representations) or theories, the communication process was thought to be linear – Speaker spoke and listener listened  The view held that the speaker spoke and the listener listened 6 Prepared by : HAH  Communication Models  Transactional model – Each person involved is both a source and a receiver – The view held that each person serves simultaneously as speaker and listener 7 Prepared by : HAH  Communication Models The Essential of Human Communication 8 Prepared by : HAH  Communication concepts 1. Sources-receivers 2. Messages 3. Communication context 4. Channel 5. Noise 6. Effects 9 Prepared by : HAH  Communication concepts 1. Sources and Receivers – Source (sender/speaker) - the person who sends the message – Receiver (listener) - the person who receive the message  Encoding – the act of sending messages  Decoding – the act of receiving messages  Communication Competence – the ability to use communication effectively – your knowledge and understanding of how communication works 10 Prepared by : HAH  Communication concepts 2. Messages – Message refers to any signal or combination of signals that serves as a stimulus for a receiver. – It may be in varied forms and may be sent and received through any combination of sensory organs. 11 Prepared by : HAH  Communication concepts 2. Message (cont…) – 4 types of messages;  Feedforward Messages – messages that preface other messages – Phatic communication  Feedback Messages – messages or information that is sent back to the source  Metamessages – messages that refer to other messages (communication about communication)  Message overload – is the inability to extract knowledge from a huge quantity of information for one of many (Information overload) 12 reasons Prepared by : HAH  Communication Concepts 3. Communication Context – Context refers to the surrounding situation or condition where communication takes place. – Comm. context determines the meaning of any verbal or nonverbal message. – What you say and how you say is determine by the specific context you’re in. 13 Prepared by : HAH  Communication Concepts 3. Communication Context (cont) – 4 types of comm. Context;  Physical - the tangible and concrete environment  Cultural –the lifestyle, beliefs, values, ways of behaving and communicating  Social-psychological –the status relationships among participants, the culture rules of the society, the formality- informality of the situation  Temporal –theposition in which a message fits into a sequence of events. 14 Prepared by : HAH  Communication Concepts 4. Channel – The medium through which messages are sent. – e.g - vocal channel, visual channel, olfactory channel & tactile channel. 15 Prepared by : HAH  Communication Concepts 5. Noise – Anything that distorts the message. – 4 types of noise;  Physical – interferes with the physical transmission of the signal or message  Physiological – physical barriers within the speaker or listener  Psychological – cognitive or mental interference  Semantic – speaker and listener assigning different meanings 16 Prepared by : HAH  Communication Concepts 6. Effects – The outcome or consequence of an action or behavior; communication is assumed always to have some effect. – 3 kinds of effects;  Cognitive  Affective  Psychomotor 17 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 1. Communication is a process of adjustment 2. Communication is ambiguous 3. Communication involves content and relationships 4. Communication has a power dimension 5. Communication sequences are punctuated 6. Communication is purposeful 7. Communication is inevitable, irreversible, and unrepeatable 8. Communication is a package of messages. 18 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 1. Communication is a process of adjustment – Part of communication competence is being able to identify and use the other person’s signals and understand how they are used & what they mean.  Comm. Accommodation – speakers adjust to or accommodate to the speaking style of their listeners to gain social approval and greater communication efficiency. – This principle provide insight into human communication issue such as why some people communicate quickly effectively while others have difficulty even after a long acquaintance. 19 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 2. Communication is ambiguous – Ambiguity is the condition in which a message can be interpreted in more than one way. – Similar terms can easily be understood very differently by different people. – When expressing idea, people communicate meaning with some reasonable accuracy and sometimes it may caused the listener misunderstood the message. – This principle provide insight into human communication issue such as why people can sometimes understand and at other times so easily misunderstand each other’s intentions. 20 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 3. Communication involves content and relationship dimensions – Communication involves external & relationship dimensions. – The aspects that pertains to the world external to both speaker and listener (content) – The aspects that having to do with the relationship between the individuals (relationship) – This principle provide insight into human communication issue such as why disagreements seem to center on trivial issues and yet prove so difficult to resolve. 21 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 4. Communication has a power dimension – Power is an ability to influence or control the behaviors of another person. – Power influences the way you communicate AND – The way you communicate influences the power you wield. – 6 types of power – legitimate power, referent power, reward power, coercive power, expert power & information power 22 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 5. Communication sequences are punctuated – Communication events are continuous transactions with no clear-cut beginning or ending – Individuals divide the communication sequence into stimuli & responses differently. – This principle provide insight into human communication issue such as why people can experience the same event and yet disagree on what happened. Prepared by : HAH 23  Principles of Communication 6. Communication is purposeful – Communication have 5 general purposes which include;  to learn  to relate  to help  to influence  to play. 24 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 7. Communication is inevitable, irreversible and unrepeatable – We cannot help but communicate – We cannot take back the messages we sent – We cannot duplicate them 25 Prepared by : HAH  Principles of Communication 8. Communication is a package of messages – Packages mean communication includes verbal & nonverbal messages. – Nverb & verbal messages may reinforce each other or contradict one another. – This principle provide insight into human communication issue such as why some messages are easily believed and others disbelieved. 26 Prepared by : HAH  The End 27