HUM1 Reviewer Prelims PDF

**MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION** **ART HISTORY VS. ART HISTORY** Art history is the study of works of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. This includes the "major" arts of painting, sculpture and architecture as well as the "minor" arts of ceramics, furniture and any decorative o...

**MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION** **ART HISTORY VS. ART HISTORY** Art history is the study of works of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts. This includes the "major" arts of painting, sculpture and architecture as well as the "minor" arts of ceramics, furniture and any decorative objects. It is the study of object of art in their historical development and stylistic context, format and design that we may be able to understand the purpose of the work of art and appreciate it. It is anchored in the arts and sciences, which promotes awareness of interrelationship of all fields of knowledge ( Encyclopedia Americana,1986). On the other hand, art appreciation refers to the exploration and analysis of art forms that we are exposed to it. It can be highly subjective, depending on an individual personal taste and preferences, or can be done on the basis of several grounds such as elements of design and mastery of displayed in a piece. **ARTS AND ITS MEANING** The word "arts" comes from the Aryan word AR which means to put together. It also comes from the Latin word ARS which means skills, ability and covers those areas of artistic creativity. It embraces the visual arts, literature, music and the visual arts. It expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skills and imagination. Merriam Webster defines art as " the conscious use of skills and creative imagination specially in the production of aesthetic objects". Art is so diverse that there are many ways to understand it. Leo Tolstoy defines art as an activity by which a person, having an emotion intentionally transmits it to others. According to Plato, art is that which brings harmony with the beauty of the world. Ruskin states that it is the whole spirit of man. Arthur Dow considers art as a way of life, of doing, thinking, of feeling, of making choices of living in a fine way. Some generalization about art.. (What is art?) 1. Art is any creative work of human being. 2. Art is a form of expressing oneself. 3. Art resides in the quality of doing; process is not magic. 4. Art is the act of making something visually entertaining. 5. Art is that activity which manifests beauty. 6. Art is mastery, an ideal way of doing something. 7. Art is not a thing-it is a way (Elbert Hubbard) 8. Art is the most intense mode of individualism that the world has ever known 9. Art is a discovery and development of elementary principles of nature into beautiful forms suitable for human use.( Frank Lloyd Wright) **WHY IS ART IMPORTANT?** Artist do not think like the policymakers or academic people. They think from their hearts-big, revolutionary and visionary ideas. This why artists are able to move people to action, thus creates significant cultural and political contributions. This is what makes art powerful. Further, art has played an important role in helping fight against intolerance of different cultures, racism, and other forms of unjust societal segregation. With immigration becoming a modern trend, the world's countries are expected to be more tolerant and accepting of those who enter their borders. Finally, art is a remarkable mode of depicting culture from all over the world and an essential ingredient to empowering the hearts of the people. **CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION, AND THE EXPRESSION IN ART THE EXPRESSION IN ART** **Creativity** is the process of turning new and imaginative ideas into reality. It involves seeing things differently, finding connections between unrelated ideas, and developing solutions. Imagination is key to creativity, as it allows us to envision new possibilities. Through **imagination**, we can create bold, innovative ideas that can lead to change. **Expression** is a natural part of creativity, where thoughts and feelings are shared through art, philosophy, or other forms. The blend of creativity, imagination, and expression drives people to create art that inspires change. This art challenges traditional ideas, rules, and relationships, offering new and meaningful ideas, forms, and methods. Imagination plays a key role in this process, as it allows the artist to combine thoughts, feelings, and images in their mind, laying the foundation for innovative and impactful work. **ASSUMPTIONS OF ART** These assumptions are the principles and bases of appreciating a work of art since it is in art that man can convey one's individuality and way of life. 1. **ART IS UNIVERSAL.** 2. **ART IS NOT NATURE.** 3. **ART INVOLVES EXPERIENCE.** 4. **ART IS CULTURAL.** 5. **ART IS AN EXPRESSION.** 6. **ART AS A FORM OF CREATION.** 1. **VISUAL ARTS (2D,3D)** a. **Painting**- the application of pigment on any flat two dimensional surface. b. **Sculpture**- it is the carving, modelling,, casting, constructing and assembling of materials and objects into primarily dimensional works of art. c. **Architecture**- it is the art and science of planning , designing, and constructing buildings and non building structures for human shelter or use 2. **PERFORMING ARTS** a. **Music**- is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time. b. **Dance**- is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way, usually to music and within the given space for the purpose of expressing an idea or emotion. c. **Film**- also called movie or motion picture, is a series of still images that when shown on a screen creates an illusion of moving images. d. **Theater**\_ is a collaborative form of art that uses live performers, typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place often a stage. e. **Literary**-is concentrating the writing, study or content of literature, specifically of the kind valued for quality of form. f. **Performance poetry**-is a poetry specifically composed for or during a performance before an audience rather than on print mostly open to improvisation. 3. **DIGITAL ARTS** a. **Fashion design-** it is the art of applying design, aesthetics and natural beauty to clothing and accessories. b. **Furniture design**- it is a specialized field where functions and fashion collide. c. Interior design-it is enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using space. d. **Graphic design**-it is an artist process of effective communication. Designers combine words, images and symbols to create a visual representation of ideas **FUNCTIONS OF ART** The functions of art normally fall into three categories: Physical, Social, and Personal. These categories can and often do overlap in any given piece of art. When you\'re ready to start thinking about these functions, here\'s how. **PHYSICAL** The physical functions of art can be found in artworks that are crafted in order to serve some physical purpose. **SOCIAL** An art can be considered a social function of art if it addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to personal interest. **PERSONAL** Personal functions of art are not likely to be the same from person to person. The function depends on the artist who created the art. **DETERMINING THE FUNCTIONS OF ARTS** Every art form has a definite function since it satisfies a particular need. Some find meaning in art in its ability to serve the purpose for which it was designed. FUNCTION OF ART DOES NOT SOLELY BASED ON THE ARTIST WHO CREATED THE WORK BUT ALSO ON YOU, THE VIEWER. ARTS ADRESSES: THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, AND IDEA. PHILOSOPHICAL IMPORTANCE OF ART 1. **INTEGRITY OR ARTISTIC INTEGRITY** - Always painting with passion - Never copying but taking ideas and tweaking them to make them our own - Being original....not normal - Having the courage to take a chance - Always remembering your artistic vision comes from your life, your thoughts.....your courage - Creating a painting because it comes from your soul and not for recognition or prizes - Being willing to be scared....to create on the edge - To continue creating when doubt in yourself appears - Doing your very best each and every day 2. **PROPORTION** 3. **RADIANCE** 1. Nature 2. History 3. Greek and Roman Mythology 4. Judeo-Christian Tradition 5. Sacred Oriental Texts 6. Other Works of Art 1. **LANDSCAPES, SEASCAPES, AND CITYSCAPES** 2. **STILL LIFE** 3. **ANIMALS** 4. **PORTRAITS** 5. **FIGURES** 6. **EVERYDAY LIFE** 7. **HISTORY AND LEGEND** 8. **RELIGION AND MYTHOLOGY** 9. **DREAMS FANTASIES** - Meaning Literal statement/narrative content - "Special meaning" - Meaning Individual meaning, personal symbolism MODULE 3: ARTIST AND ARTISAN **ARTIST** The word \"artist\" is generally defined as an art practitioner, such as a painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, writer, poet, musicians and the like, who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination. It is believed that through art the artist can create a change in society. **ARTISAN** An Artisan is a craftsman, such as carpenter, carver, plumber, blacksmith, weaver, embroiderer, and the like, who produces directly functional and/or decorative art. An Artisan is essentially a manual worker who makes items with his or her hands, and who through skill, experience and talent can create things of great beauty as well as being functional. **Key Components on the Art Market** The art market is an economic ecosystem that relies not only on supply and demand but also on the fabrication of a work\'s predicted future monetary and/or cultural value. Art market, physical or figurative venue in which art is bought and sold. At its most basic, an art market requires a work of art, which might be drawn from a very wide range of collectible objects; a seller; and a buyer, who may participate directly in negotiations or be represented by agents. **Important Players in the Market.** **CURATOR** A curator, who is a manager or overseer, and usually a curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e.g, gallery, museum, library, or archive), is a content specialist charged with an institution\'s collections, selecting art to be displayed in a museum, organizing art exhibitions in galleries or public places, researching artists, and writing catalogs and involved with the interpretation of heritage. Example: PATRICK DUAERTE FLORES **ART BUYER** An art buyer is a professional who is knowledgeable in art, who may scout talents for an advertising agency seeking to employ an art director, or who may look for an art for a collector or company. Example: ROBBIE ΑΝΤΟΝΙΟ **ART DEALER** An art dealer is a person or a company that buys and sells works of art. Art dealers often study the history of art before starting their careers. They have to understand the business side of the art world. They keep up with the trends in the market and are knowledgeable about the style of art that people want to buy. Example: LARRY GAGOSIAN **The Creative Process** Robert Fritz, based on his book, enumerated the steps in the creative process, and said that creating is a skill that can be learned and developed. Like any other skill, we learn by practice and hands-on experience - we can learn to create by creating. **Three Stages in the Creative Process:** **Germination (Idea)** It is the initial moment when. you conceive a new project in your life. It is a moment with a fot of energy coming out of the future you envision. In the germination stage, you are planting the seeds of your creation. **Assimilation** It is a crucial step in the creative process. During this phase you will internalize and assimilate or incorporate the idea you want to create. Plan, analyze it, and cultivate it with all the available. resources. **Completion** Completion is the time to finish your project, to give in the final shape before you present it to the audience. It is a difficult time because your energy will be small and likely dispersed with a new vision. **Medium and Technique** **Medium** It refers to the materials that are used by an artist to make a work of art. The plural form of medium is media. Without a medium, an idea remains a concept or it would just dwell in the walls of the artist\'s imagination. It is challenging to manipulate medium and transform it from its state. A medium is a means of expression. **Technique** It refers to the artist\'s ability and knowledge or technical know-how in manipulating the medium. It is the manner by which the artist controls the medium to achieve the desired effect; thus, it is technique that artists differ from one another. **Medium Techniques** **Ink mixture of charcoal** Process: crush the charcoal to a fine grain. Then, transfer it to a jar jam and add 2 cups of water and shake well to mix. Next, pour the mixture into a sieve and strain it. Lastly, add a few drops of gum arabic and seal the jar. **Batok** Process: Tapping into the skin through a thorn end of a calamansi or pomelo tree. **Body** Process: Using rhythmic movements that are often accompanied by music. **Recognition and Award for Artist and Artisan** **01 Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA)** **02 National Living Treasure Award National Artists** **Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA)** The award was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7335. The National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA), which is the highest policy-making and coordinating body of the Philippines **for culture and the arts**, was tasked with the implementation. This award is given to Filipino citizens or groups of citizens **engaged in any traditional art** unique to the Philippines. **National Artist** The Order of the National Artists is considered to be the highest national recognition **for individuals who contributed to the development of Philippines arts.** **Lang Dulay (1928-2015) 1998 Awardee** - Filipino traditional Textile Weaver Recognized for preserving her people\'s custom of weaving T\'nalak, a refined abaca fiber-dyed cloth. - T\'boli princess from the Lake Sebu region in South Cotabato - Fell into a coma in early 2015, and died on April 30 (86 years old) of the same year. **ARTWORK: T'NALAK** **Ginaw Bilog (1953-2003) 1993 Awardee** - Filipino poet - From Panaytayan, Oriental Mindoro, a Hanunuo Mangyan - Recognized for preserving the Mangyan poetry tradition, which is recorded on bamboo. - First GAMABA Awardee - Died on June 3, 2003 (50 years old) due to a lingering illness **ARTWORK: Poetry by Ginaw Bilog recorded on bamboo** **Masino Intaray (1943-2013) 1993 Awardee** - Filipino storyteller and musician - From Palawan Brookes Point, Makagwa Valley - Recognized for his performance of the local traditions by playing basal (gong), aruding (mouth harp), babarak (ring flute), kulilal (lyrical poem song expressing love), and bagit (form of vocal music that depicts the sound of nature) - Died on November 30, 2013 (70 years old) due to complications from diabetes which included multiple bouts of stroke. **ARTWORK: Agung/Basal, Aruding, Babarak** Uwang Ahadas (1945-2022) 2000 Awardee - Filipino folk musician of the Yakan people - From Lamitan, Basilan, an island in Sulu Archipelago - Recognized for his mastery in playing traditional Yakan instruments such as the Agung, gabbang, and kwintangan kayu - Died on October 29, 2022 (77 years old **ARTWORK: Agung/Basal, Kwintangan Kayu, Gabbang** Federico Caballero (1935-2024) 2000 Awardee - Filipino chanter of Philippine epic poetry - From Central Panay mountains, Bukidnon Calinog, Iloilo - Recognized for his work on the documentation of oral literature, particularly the ten epics. - Died on August 17, 2024 (88 years old) **Samaon Sulaiman (1953-2011) 1993 Awardee** - Filipino Folk musician - From Mamasapano, Maguindanao - Achieved the highest level of excellence in the art of kutyapi playing, one of the most technically demanding and difficult to master among Filipino musical instruments. - Died on May 21, 2011 ARTWORK: Kudyapi/Kutiyapi **Salinta Monon (1920-2009) 1998 Awardee** - Filipino Bagobo Tagabawa Textile Weaver - One of two recipients of the National Living Treasures Award in 1998 - President Rodrigo Duterte declared a year- long celebration named \"Centennial Year of Salinta Monon\" from December 12, 2021, in her honor - Died on June 4, 2009 **Alonzo Saclag (1943) 2000 awardee** - Filipino Musician and Master of Kalinga Dance - Budong Dance Troupe dancer From Lubuagan, Kalinga - By 2016, he had established a village within his town, named Awichon, which aims to promote Kalinga culture to tourists. Alonzo Saclag teaching the students of KASC the right way of dancing the \"Salip\".  MODULE 4: ELEMENTS OF ARTS The elements of art include: LINE, SHAPE, COLOR, SPACE, FORM, TEXTURE, VALUE, POINT WHAT ARE THE ELEMENT OF ART? The elements of art is the fundamental pieces that make up an artwork. Most works of art will make use of many or all of the elements and principles of art. These are the tools that artists use to communicate their ideas. Viewers like us use them to understand what we are looking at. THE ELEMENT OF POINT A point is the visual element upon which all others are based. It can be defined as a singularity in space or, in geometric terms, the area where two coordinates meet. They can form complex shapes, patterns, textures, and any other structure imaginable. Dots in combination can even imply direction and movement, bringing us to lines. THE ELEMENT OF POINT A point is the visual element upon which all others are based. It can be defined as a singularity in space or, in geometric terms, the area where two coordinates meet. They can form complex shapes, patterns, textures, and any other structure imaginable. Dots in combination can even imply direction and movement, bringing us to lines. CATEGORIES OF LINE - **Actual lines** - are those that are physically present. - **Implied lines** - are those created by visually connecting two or more areas together. - **Straight or classic lines** - provide structure to a composition. They can be oriented to the horizontal, vertical or diagonal axis of a surface. - **Expressive lines** - are curved, adding an organic, more dynamic character to a work of art. THE ELEMENTS OF SHAPE A shape is defined as an enclosed area in two dimensions. They can be created in many ways, the simplest by enclosing an area with an outline. They can also be made by surrounding an area with other shapes or the placement of different textures next to each other. - **Geometric Shapes** - These shapes are classified by name like circle, square, rectangle, triangle, and so on. - **Free-form shapes** - are generally irregular and uneven. - **Static Shapes** - Shapes that appear stable and resting. - **Dynamic Shapes** - Shapes that appear to be moving and active. ELEMENT OF FORM The Element of Form, refers to a shape or three-dimensional volume that has or gives the illusion of having weight, density or bulk. This element portrays the act or process of changing place or direction, orientation, and/or position through the visual illustration of starting or stopping points, blurring of action, etc. ELEMENT OF SPACE Space is one of the basic elements of art. It refers to the distance between the area around and within shapes, forms, colors and lines. Two types of Space: **Positive Space** is the actual objects or shapes within an artwork. **Negative Space** is the space around and between those objects. ELEMENT OF VALUE Value is the relative lightness or darkness of a shape in relation to another. The value scale, bounded on one end by pure white and on the other by black, and in between a series of progressively darker shades of grey, gives an artist the tools to make these transformations. CATEGORIES OF VALUES - **Tint** is adding white to a color paint to create lighter values such as light blue or pink. - **Shade** is adding black to a paint color to create dark values such as dark blue or dark red. - **High-Key** is a picture with all light value - **Low-Key** is a picture with all dark values. - **Value** Contrast is light values placed next to dark values to create contrast or strong differences. ELEMENT OF COLOR Color is an element consisting of hues, of which there are three properties: hue, chroma or intensity, and value. Color is present when light strikes an object and it is reflected back into the eye, a reaction to a hue arising in the optic nerve. ELEMENT OF TEXTURE The Element of Texture is the tactile sense we get from the surface of a shape or volume. Smooth, rough, velvety and prickly are examples of texture. **Texture comes in two forms**: Actual: the real surface qualities we perceive by running a hand over an object **Visual**: an implied sense of texture created by the artist through the manipulation of their materials. **Texture In Three-Dimensional Art** Three-dimensional artwork relies on texture and you cannot find a piece of sculpture or pottery that does not include it. Fundamentally, the materials used give a piece of art texture. That may be marble, bronze, clay, metal, or wood, but this sets the foundation for the work feels if it were touched. **Texture In Two-Dimensional Art** Artists working in a two-dimensional medium also work with texture and the texture may either be real or implied. Photographers, for instance, almost always work with the reality of texture when creating art. Yet, they can enhance or downplay that through the manipulation of light and angle. CATEGORIES OF TEXTURE **REAL TEXTURE** is the actual texture of an object. Artists may create real textures in art to give it visual interest or evoke a feeling. **IMPLIED TEXTURE** in two-dimensional art is made to look like a certain texture but in fact is just a smooth piece of paper. Like a drawing of a tree trunk may look rough but in fact it is just a smooth piece of paper.