HOSP200 Unit 1: Introduction to Tourism - Winter 2024 PDF

Unit 1: Introduction to Tourism Winter 2024 1 Objectives: 1.1 Define tourism sectors. 1.2 Explain the positive and negative effects of tourism on the cultural life of a community. 1.3 Identify the areas of successful planning and development of a tourism desti...

Unit 1: Introduction to Tourism Winter 2024 1 Objectives: 1.1 Define tourism sectors. 1.2 Explain the positive and negative effects of tourism on the cultural life of a community. 1.3 Identify the areas of successful planning and development of a tourism destination. 1.4 Discuss the role of economics to the tourism industry. 1.5 Discuss the role of motivation to the tourism industry. 1.6 Discuss the role of host to the tourism industry. 2  What exactly is a tourist? Tourism: The business of attracting and serving the needs of people travelling and staying outside their home communities for business and pleasure Tourist: someone who travels at least 80 kilometres from his or her home for at least 24 hours, for business or pleasure or other reasons; can be further classified as domestic, inbound, or outbound Domestic: residents of a given country travelling only within that country Inbound: non-residents travelling in a given country Outbound: residents of one country travelling in another country 3  What is Tourism? Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which imply tourism expenditure. (United Nations World Tourism Organization, 2008). Let’s discuss some examples! Tourists at the Temple of Apollo, Delphi, GreeceFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Travel for reasons, experience a different culture, have to stay somewhere to do something → make to spend money Tourists: stay over 24 hours from home Excursionists: you haven’t stayed overnight for a short time, day trippers ⇒ Excursionists on the other hand are considered same-day visitors (UNWTO, 2020). Sometimes referred to as “day trippers.” Understandably, not every visitor stays in a destination overnight. It is common for travellers to spend a few hours or less to do sightseeing, visit attractions, dine at a local restaurant, then leave at the end of the day. Instructor Notes: Use this as a board brainstorm- 1) Have them pick out the key words in the definition. What stands out? Social, Cultural, Economic…movement of people…outside their usual environment for personal/business or professional purposes. 2) Have students give an example of a specific type of visitor and an activity related to the visitor which applies to tourism. 4  A more approachable definition? Tourism: the business of attracting and serving the needs of people travelling and staying outside their home communities for business and pleasure This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Tourism: all-encompassing umbrella term for the activities and industry that create the tourist experience Travel: the activity of moving between different locations often for any purpose but more so for leisure and recreation Hospitality: the business of helping people to feel welcome and relaxed and to enjoy themselves Instructor Notes: Key Term List from Chapter 1- https://opentextbc.ca/introtourism/chapter/chapter-1-history-and-overview/ 5  Introduction to Tourism 2019- Canada reached a record 22.1 million tourists 2018- tourism spending in Canada was $80.8 billion which was an increase of 5.9% over the previous year Tourism represents approx. 33% of the world’s exports (revenue generation) and for smaller nations it can represent almost 75% of their yearly national income. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY Instructor Notes: Tourism represents approx. 33% of the world’s exports (revenue generation) and for smaller nations it can represent almost 75% of their yearly national income. Tourism has had a sustained growth of 4-6% over the past 3 years. Https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/subjects-start/travel_and_tourism 6  Introduction to Tourism Tourism Industry in Canada 2019- Third record breaking year in a row for tourism revenue in Canada! $104.9 billion in tourism expenditures contributing an estimated $43.5 billion in Gross Domestic Product. In Alberta this accounted for over $8 billion in tourism expenditures In 2019 this equated to 34.7 million persons visiting the province which contributed to 68,000 full time equivalent jobs in our industry just in Alberta alone! Can anyone find the statistics for 2020? This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA Instructor Notes: Canadian Stats- https://www.destinationcanada.com/en/news/canada-experiences-third- consecutive-record-breaking-year-tourism-2019 Alberta stats-https://www.alberta.ca/alberta-visitor-profiles.aspx 7  Industry Categories by NAICS (North American Industry Standards) Accommodation Food and Beverage Services (commonly known as “F&B”) Recreation and Entertainment Transportation Travel Services The categories themselves are often referred to as Sectors Areas of Sector Focus within the 5 categories: Planning and Development / Transportation / Attractions / Environmental Tourism / Events / Adventure Tourism & Outdoor Recreation / Accommodations / Travel Services / Tourism Services These industry groups (also commonly known as sectors) 8  Tourism Categories (Sectors) Accommodations Hotels, Motels, Hostels, etc. 9  Tourism Categories (Sectors) Food and Beverage (commonly known as “F&B”) F&B and Accommodations account for the largest sectors of employment in Tourism  F&B and Accommodations are the largest employers Restaurants, Cafes, etc. 10  Tourism Categories (Sectors) Recreation and Entertainment The goal is to educate and entertain the visitors Disney World, Concert, Eiffel Towel, Calgary Stampede, etc. 11  Tourism Categories (Sectors) Transportation Airplanes, buses, trains, etc. 12  Tourism Categories or Sectors Travel Services This sector is in charge of selling the tourism industry Travel agencies, booking, renting cars, etc. 13 The Tourism Supply Chain 14  What is Hospitality? “The business of helping people to feel welcome and relaxed and enjoy themselves.” This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND Hospitality often refers to the accommodations and food and beverage industry groupings https://opentextbc.ca/introtourism/chapter/chapter-1-history-and-overview/ 15  How Governments Influence the Pattern of Travel Impose exit visas and fees Limit the amount of money taken abroad Change currency value Raise income taxes How can a government influence the pattern of travel? - impose exit visas - limit the amount of money taken abroad - limit purchases from abroad - currency value - impose exit fees - raise income taxes – when talking about tourism everything is tight to the US dollar 16  Domestic Tourism Represents approximately 75-80% of all tourism activity This is due to: Business travel Changes in lifestyle Increase in leisure time Development of an efficient network of highways Political policies: Some governments encourage domestic travel over international travel. This is called import substitution Business travel – don’t think about leisure only -Population Demographic changing -Economic conditions: the U.S $ exchange rate Activity: Researching the Tourism Industry Association of Canada Instructions 1. Read the webpage, About TIAC (https://tiac-aitc.ca/About.html). 2. As you read, answer the following questions: a. What is the vision and mission of the Tourism Industry Association of Canada (TIAC)? b. Who should belong to this organization? c. What are two prominent TIAC successes, and why are they important? d. What is the goal of the “Elevating Canadian Experiences” program? Note: This information can be found on TIAC’s Programs (https://tiac-aitc.ca/programs.htm) page. 3. Be prepared to discuss with the class. © 2021, Southern Alberta Institute of Technology1 17 Economics apply! This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY 18 Tourism Deficit - 적자 Tourism deficit occurs in Canada when Canadian travellers spend more money abroad than what foreign travellers spend in Canada. Canada has a tourism deficit because: Canadians love to travel to other countries Canadians have relatives living in other countries Foreign countries effectively promote themselves to Canadians When citizens spend more $$$ abroad and foreign travellers spend less $, a location will experience a tourism deficit 19 Reduction of Tourism Deficit – 감소 방법 Canada’s tourism deficit has been greatly reduced due to: American visitors to Canada have increased due to a strong monetary exchange rate Canadians travelling abroad spent less money Marketing of Canada to Canadians and foreigners was more aggressive, so there has been an increase in domestic and inbound tourism Import Substitution: When a government of a country encourages citizens to stay home and travel within their own nation rather than go abroad 20  The Multiplier Effect Injection: When revenue goes back into the local community you see Injection into the economy because jobs are created. Expenditure Stream refers to money spent Leakage: When a community must import workers, the money may leave with the worker. The host community doesn’t get the benefit of all revenue generated. 승수효과 21  The Multiplier Effect In Tourism The sales/transaction multiplier: includes both direct sales and indirect sales The output/production multiplier: there are more things that are produced The income multiplier: it's when our income is multiplied because of tourism The employment multiplier: when we've got more tourism we've got more jobs, and more people are employed if more people are employed they've got more money they spend that money in the economy which has a ripple on effect a multiplication effect The official/government multiplier: it is the official statistics the official figures that are put together by the government or other official bodies that demonstrate how much money how much revenue has been made from the tourism industry they then can take that money and they can reinvest it elsewhere https://youtu.be/u-Ri5-NhtEc?si=-yKab3G-ChxhhZi- | Dr. Hayley Stainton not all revenue from tourism is officially recorded 22  How does the tourism multiplier effect work 1. Direct tourism expenditure 2. Indirect tourism expenditure 3. Induced tourism expenditure Why is the tourism multiplier effect important? Bring so many opportunities to an area Bring money → bring opportuni es Problems The major problem is that destinations are not managed in a sustainable way. Economic leakage https://youtu.be/u-Ri5-NhtEc?si=-yKab3G-ChxhhZi- | Dr. Hayley Stainton 23  The Multiplier Effect’s Impact on Tourism Injection Expenditure Stream Leakage Instructor Notes: Good example- $13.8 million into Banff's Cave and Basin renovations in 2009 brought in many contractors from outside of Banff, so the eventual money from cave and basin entrance goes back into the community, but the construction workers leave with the majority of their wages made during renovations. 24 Inbound Tourism as an Export Canada exports the “Canadian experience.” E.g. French tourists travel from France to Canada. French tourists spend money in Canada and take home Canadian memories. 25 Key Terms Import: Buying a foreign product or service. E.g. Canada imports BMWs from Germany. Export: Selling a product or service to a foreign country. E.g. Canada exports wheat to China and Japan. 26  Elasticity – 탄력성 Elastic: A term used in economics to describe a change in the behavior of buyers and sellers in response to a change in price for a good or service. When the price of gas goes up (change in variable), more fuel-efficient cars are sold (quantity of product sold increases). Price changes and demand changes → elastic Price changes but demand doesn’t change → Inelastic Instructor Notes: Definition from Investopedia https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/elastic.asp 27  Demand and Elasticity in Tourism Travel is often a luxury and not a life sustaining product! Therefore most tourism products have an elastic demand. It is only bought when the purchaser has the necessary discretionary income Elastic goods include clothing, electronics, leisure travel Inelastic goods include food and medicine Read this article: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/230928/dq230928b- eng.htm 28 Questions? What is one thing you learned during our session today that you didn’t know yesterday? Do you have any questions? 29 Fundamentals: Introduction to Hospitality and Tourism Unit: Introduction to Hospitality-Motivation 30  Leisure Leisure is free time during which one may indulge in rest, recreation, etc., and freedom from occupation or business. Two aspects of leisure that are important in the promotion of tourism: People’s attitudes towards leisure Time available for leisure Affected by discretionary time and money as well as family life stage Discretionary time Discretionary income Family life stage 31  History of Leisure Changing social conditions: In the 1800s, leisure time became more common, no longer reserved for royalty and the upper class. Creation of urban society from rural society: Less prejudice against idle time. More understanding of freedom from occupation Mobilization after Industrial Revolution: Mobilization created more opportunities for travel. People could suddenly cover more distance Unionization movement: Workers were guaranteed leisure time based on collective agreements with employers 32  What motivates people to travel? WANT Need vs. Want Need: Awareness of a deficiency. E.g. After days with no food, people feel very hungry and need to eat. Want: Psychological desire to fulfill the need. E.g. After days with no food, a person wants a big meal, not a cup of rice. NEED  WANT  Instructor Notes: Marketing specialists point out people’s deficiencies, thereby creating a need and then showing them the products they should want to fulfill the need. 33  Need vs Want Canada experiences a northern climate, so most Canadians endure a long, often very cold winter. A long cold Canadian winter makes many long for a sunny destination during the winter. They want it, but don’t need it! VS Apple markets you need an iPhone. However, you want an iPhone not need an iPhone. 34  Key Ingredients of Tourism Disposable Desire Time Tourism Income $ Desire is the most important factor. If there is a strong desire, money and time will be found Instructor Notes: Desire is the most important – if there is strong desire, time and money will be found! 35 Greatest Barriers to Travel Cost- Income, occupation, education, number of travelers and prices at destination can reduce travel options. Lack of Time- Amount of leisure time determines where to travel and how to get there Accessibility or Distance- Available roads, railways, etc. 36  More Barriers to Travel  Travel Preferences Personality, interests, level of education  Experience The better the experience you have, the more likely you are to return to a destination  Age Young people are excited for adventure and seek travel Elderly people(ex. like cruise) may be more resistant to travel  Health/Disability Poor health can deter travel  Fear Scared of the unknown, fear of flying, and many other factors Because they heard some bad things. 37 Disposable Income and Tourism – 가처분 소득 Disposable Income (DI): After-tax income available to spend, save or both. If D.I. goes up, tourism goes up. If D.I. goes down, tourism goes down. Changes are not directly proportional because tourism is subject to elasticity of demand. 38  Decrease in family size Growth of two-income families, with women waiting longer to have children then returning to work Early retirement with well-designed pensions Better technology allows for a real cost reduction in travel 39  Demographics: statistical data about age, gender, occupation, place of residence, education level, marital status, etc. Used to separate and define target markets Tourist destination needs to know the demographics. Instructor Notes: IMPORTANT TO GET TO KNOW YOUR TARGET MARKET Hold class discussions and have students discuss class demographics. Are there any generalized patterns they recognize? 40  Impact of lifestyle on Tourism Can be deciding factor in choice of tourism product (destinations, activities.) Compromise may be required (families, couples) People with active People with passive lifestyles may seek lifestyles may seek relaxing vacations. exciting vacations. Instructor Notes: Explain the concept of homeostasis in terms of balance of active and passive lifestyles and discuss the impact on the selection of the tourism product 41  Travel & Tourism in Canada The World Travel & Tourism Council’s (WTTC) 2023 Economic Impact Research (EIR) reveals the Canadian Travel & Tourism sector continues to show strong signs of post-pandemic recovery. tourism is set to contribute $162.6 billion to the Canadian economy, up 17.2% from last year and within touching distance of the previous peak of $173.9 billion in 2019. WTTC is also forecasting that Travel & Tourism will create 90,000 jobs this year, recovering almost all of the jobs lost due to the COVID-19 pandemic to reach 1.64 million. 2022 was the return of international travelers heading to Canada, with spending from overseas visitors growing 64% to reach almost $23 billion. https://wttc.org/news-article/strong-signs-of-recovery-for-travel-and- tourism-in-canada-says-wttc https://wttc.org/news-article/strong-signs-of-recovery-for-travel-and-tourism-in-canada- says-wttc 42  Psychographics – 심리통계학 Stanley Plog devised a generalized scale defining the risk tolerance level of travellers. Psychocentric Midcentric Allocentric -risk averse, arm- -not averse to -risk tolerant chair travellers risks, but not out -prefer to travel far -prefer places that looking for high outside of their normal feel like home, risk activities experiences where people -are somewhat -willing to go without speak the same comfortable their usual language and eat outside their conveniences similar food own comfort -first to try a new zone destination, once -majority of everyone else has travellers been, they will move on Allocentric – risk tolerant/prefers to travel far outside of their normal experiences/ willing to go without their usual conveniences/first to try a new destination, once everyone else has been they will move on/ undeveloped destination 3 generalized types of travellers as defined by Stanley Plog Key term: Studying attitudes, interests, opinions, personalities, likes and dislikes helps us understand personal motivation for travel. 43 Bell Type Curve Plog’s Psychocentric Continuum based on a North American resident Notice the destination listed at the bottom 44  Plog's Model Of Allocentricity Plog’s theory demonstrates that the popularity of a destination will rise and fall over time depending on which type of tourists find the destination appealing. A destination grows and develops it attracts different types of people. Typology: classified tourists based on their motivations. Allocentricity (Right): associated with destinations that are on or underdeveloped, pioneer, travel into the unknown Psychocentricity (Left): associated with areas that are well-developed or even over-developed for tourism, comfort Criticism: the research is based on the us population, and the concepts of personality appeal and motivation are pretty subjective terms https://youtu.be/EoEVXS8K5w4?si=_VYy2IC73vVEf1ct | Dr. Hayley Stainton 45  Allocentric Travellers Independent travellers Excited by adventure Eager to learn Likes to experience the unfamiliar Is put off by group tours, packages and mass tourism Enjoys cultural tourism Are ethical tourists Enjoy a challenge Are advocates of sustainable tourism Enjoys embracing slow tourism https://youtu.be/EoEVXS8K5w4?si=_VYy2IC73vVEf1ct | Dr. Hayley Stainton 46  Psychocentric Travellers Enjoy familiarity Like to have their home comforts whilst on holiday Give preference to known brands Travel in organised groups Enjoys organised tours, package holidays and all-inclusive tourism Like to stay within their holiday resort Do not experience much of the local culture Do not learn much about the area that they are visiting or people that live there Pay one flat fee to cover the majority of holiday costs Are regular visitors to the same area/resort https://youtu.be/EoEVXS8K5w4?si=_VYy2IC73vVEf1ct | Dr. Hayley Stainton 47  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Self- actualization Ego (Esteem) Social needs (Love and Belonging) Safety Needs Physiological Needs Who has heard of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? Physiological needs: (Food, water, shelter) – Escape cold weather Safety needs: (home, job) – Governments that provide police, medical etc Social needs: (love, affection, belonging) – Tours that offer group activities Ego: (self-esteem, self-respect) – Trips to special events e.g. Olympics, Incentive travel for high performance Self-Actualization: (full potential as a human being) – self guided tours, climbing Mount Everest, Building Homes for Habit for Humanity 48  마슬로의 욕구 계층이론 종류 의미 불충족시 잠재력을 발휘하고 의미있는 삶을 사는 것을 갈망하는 욕구 자기 실현 욕구 정체되고 불만족스러움 (창의성, 개인적 성장, 영적 성취) 자신과 타인으로부터 존중받는 것을 갈망하는 욕구 존중 욕구 열등하고 무가치하게 느낌 (자존감, 성취감, 지위) 다른 사람들과 연결되고 사랑받는 것을 갈망하는 욕구 소속 및 사랑 욕구 외롭고 고립됨 (가족, 친구, 사회적) 안전하고 안정적으로 느끼게 해주는 욕구 안전 욕구 불안하고 두려움 (보안, 건강, 재정) 생존에 필수적인 가장 기본적인 욕구 생리적 욕구 살아남을 수 없음 (음식, 물, 수면, 피난처) 아래 단계가 충족돼야 높은 단계의 동기부여가 가능 유연성: 상황 ∙ 개인적 차이에 따라 순서가 달라질 수 있다. 동적인 성격: 욕구는 시간이 지남에 따라 바뀌고 진화한다. ∙ 예외와 한계 동시 동기 부여: 사람들은 때때로 한번에 여러 수준의 욕구에 의해 동기 부여가 될 수 있다. 문화적 차이: 욕구의 중요성과 충족되는 방식은 문화마다 다르다. 개인적 차이: 어떤 사람들은 다른 사람들보다 특정 욕구에 더 많이 중점을 둘 수 있다. 1단계: Physiological Needs – 생리적 욕구 2단계: Safety Needs – 안전 욕구 3단계: Social (Love and Belonging) Needs – 소속 및 사랑 욕구 4단계: Ego (Self-Esteem) Needs – 존중 욕구 5단계: Self-Actualization Needs – 자기 실현 욕구 49  Maslow theory for tourist A psychological theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in the mid- 20th century. Physiological: tourists seek out comfortable accommodations hygienic food and Safe Transportation Safety: tourists to choose destinations that are perceived as safe; travel insurance or choose guided tours Love and Belonging: travel for social reasons like visiting family and friends, seeking to meet new people Esteem: elevate one's social status Luxury Resorts exclusive experiences or exotic destinations Self-actualization: seeking out challenging Adventures learning new skills or exploring unknown cultures https://youtu.be/k7ci90rSFdQ?si=AGe9dtjtLdTM6Mut 50  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Watch the short video that showcases Maslow’s Theory. https://youtu.be/O-4ithG_07Q?si=Ru_SJFoMc2tsr-5z | Sprouts 51 Activity: Understanding Traveller Motivation Brightspace 52 Fundamentals: Introduction to Hospitality and Tourism Unit: Introduction to Hospitality- Host 53  Unit: Introduction to Tourism Summarize key concepts of the hospitality industry. Objectives: 1.1 Describe the sectors of the tourism industry. 1.6 Discuss the role of host to the tourism industry. 54  Positive Effects of Tourism on Community Culture Economic diversification: More types of jobs available Enhanced travel Roads, airports and public transportation Better choices in entertainment, shopping and food service Locals exposed to other cultures. Instructor Notes: Tourism Illiteracy – often occurs due to lack of understanding of the benefits of tourism 55 More Positive Effects Cultural preservation: Interest in local culture, and revenue generated from tourism allows for heritage preservation. Tax revenues: In Canada: 23% of tourism goes to the federal government, 16% to provincial government and 6% to municipal government. Foreign capital: Injections into the local economy from foreign investors. This also creates jobs. Area beautification: To attract visitors. Money is spent to make an area more appealing. 56  More Positive Effects Favourable world image: e.g. Olympic games bring attention and development to a city Modernization: Better infrastructure. Recreation and education facilities Tourism dollars pay for the facilities which the locals can also access This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA 57 Barriers to Tourism Acceptance Crime and unwanted behaviour: Some locals may take advantage of tourists. Increase in prostitution and drug trade. Air, water, land and noise pollution: A large increase in tourism can damage local quality of life. Congestion: Many visitors invade parks, recreational and shopping centres, attractions, restaurants and roadways. Diversion of government funds: If tourism becomes a priority, less funds go to valuable community projects. 58  Barriers to Acceptance Inflation: Increase in the cost of living and services due to a destination’s popularity. Local resentment: Tension between guests and hosts because of economic differences. Seasonality: If tourism is the main source of income, low season may cause unemployment. Leakage: The portion of tourism revenue that does not benefit the community. Instructor Notes: If time permits, have students individually do the Activity titled: “Exploring barriers, impacts and the host” 20 minutes Activity: Exploring Barriers, Impacts and the Host Instructions Watch the 11-minute video segment, USA: Cruise Tourism (https://fod-infobase- com.libresources2.sait.ab.ca/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=128791). Note:Use your SAIT ID and password to access the video. For this activity, you only need to watch the first segment (found on the right-hand side of the video). Working in a small group, answer the following questions: What has been the greatest impact of the cruise lines in Alaska? What is the greatest concern for the area? What does tourism bring to the area? How do visitors impact Alaskan communities, and vice versa? What do you see as the greatest benefit and the greatest barrier for the host? Be prepared to discuss with the class. 59  Positive effects of Tourism Negative effects of Tourism  Economic  Pollution (more jobs, money to the local community) (environmental impacts)  Tax revenues  Diversion of government funds  Cultural preservation  The area becomes crowded (congestion)  Foreign capital  Crime builds up, unwanted behaviour  Better infrastructure  Leakage  More choices for locals  Local resentment (when it comes to dining entertainment, shops)  Area beautification 60  Key terms Trinketization: Mass production of crafts to sell as souvenirs to tourists. These items are often made in another country and shipped out for sale at the point of sale. This practice is often viewed as reductive appropriation of culture for profit 61  Key terms Acculturation: When two cultures are in contact for any length of time, each becomes a little like the other through a borrowing process. Eg- British come in contact with First Nations people in Canada. British settlers then begin to use snow shoes and canoes which are prevalent tools in First Nations culture. Acculturation is often viewed as a merging of cultures as a result of prolonged contact and often benefits tourism profit 62  Key terms Demonstration Effect: Indigenous and rural communities and cultures adopt western style and behaviour that they have observed in visiting tourists through demonstration and interaction The local population wants to act, look and be like the visiting tourists 63  Key terms Economic Carrying Capacity: The ability of a tourist destination to absorb tourist functions without losing local activities. Eg- Local fishing culture and functions squeezed out by tourist water craft at a marina 64  Definitions Social Carrying Capacity: The point in tourism’s growth when locals decide there are too many negative effects of tourism. When the local population can no longer tolerate the presence and behaviour of tourists, the social carrying capacity is reached. Did you see evidence of this in our earlier activity regarding the Alaskan cruise line? 65  The Social impact of tourism 3 pillars of sustainable tourism: environment, economy, society Direct/indirect impact on society – inevitable Positive Negative Preserving local culture Social Change – locals speaking English, tribes wearing football Strengthening communities shirts Job creation Globalization and the Destruction of Preservation Increase prospect of Heritage – losing our individuality Develop infrastructures – positive: toilet, English speaker to help you Commercialization of Culture and Art Loss of Authenticity Revitalization of Culture and Art – this is not natural, are we not supposed to evolve Preservation of Heritage and change – restrictions, limiting tourists – great topic to study Standardization and commercialization Culture clashes – Doxy’s irritation index Tourist-host relationships – good and bad Increase in crime, gambling and moral behaviour – robbery, prostitution, etc. The Social impact of tourism – Dr. Hayley Stainton https://youtu.be/k34sY-npVg0?si=bTbWT7aGTVjOtltL 66 Activity: Exploring Barriers, Impacts and the Host https://fod.infobase.com/p_ViewVideo.aspx?x tid=128791 67 Kahoot Unit #1- Review https://create.kahoot.it/course/fa59ca0e-2d44-4e57-a2f2- d41c0d148706 68