Introduction to Tourism Phenomenon Lesson Plan PDF

INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALITY AND NOM DETOURISM L’ASSIGNATURA / NOMBRE DE LA MANAGEMENT ASIGNATURA / NAME OF THE COURSE GRUP / GRUPO / GROUP Lesson 1. Introduction to the Tourist Phenomenon PROFESSORAT / PROFESORADO/ PROFESSORS IRE...

INTRODUCTION TO HOSPITALITY AND NOM DETOURISM L’ASSIGNATURA / NOMBRE DE LA MANAGEMENT ASIGNATURA / NAME OF THE COURSE GRUP / GRUPO / GROUP Lesson 1. Introduction to the Tourist Phenomenon PROFESSORAT / PROFESORADO/ PROFESSORS IRENE MARTÍN GRAU DE TURISME / GRADO DE TURISMO / BACHELOR’S DEGREE BACHELOR’S IN TOURISM DEGREE IN TOURISM Barcelona, 25th September LET’S START… Introduction to Tourism Management Lesson 0. 18.09. Presentation Lesson 1. 25.09. Introduction to the Tourist Phenomenon Lesson 2. 02.10. The phenomenon of contemporary tourism Lesson 3. 09.10. Tourism and Territory Lesson 4. 16.10. Tourism Stakeholders Lesson 5. 23.10. Tourism Management Lesson 6. 30.10. The business ecosystem of tourist companies Lesson 7. 06.11. Intermediation companies Lesson 8. 13.11. Tourist Transport companies Lesson 9. 20.11. Tourist Information Services and promotion Lesson 10. 27.11. V CETT Smart Tourism Congress Barcelona Lesson 11. 04.12. Exam recap Lesson 12. 08.01. Activity development Lesson 13. 15.01. Activity presentation WHAT ARE WE GOING TO DO TODAY? Today... Understand what tourism is; key concepts and definitions Discover the tourism historical evolution Meet organizations and associations related to tourism industry 1.1. Concept and definitions BRAINSTORMING For you... W WHAT IS TOURISM? Definition - What is Tourism? "Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes. These people are called visitors (which may be either tourists or excursionists; residents or non-residents) and tourism has to do with their activities, some of which involve tourism expenditure." UN Tourism* *The World Tourism Organization (UN Tourism) is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism. According to this definition, Tourism implies: Phenomenon: tourism is a global phenomenon with massive infrastructure. Its importance is evident because its influence deeply penetrates society, culture, and economy. Movement: travel to a place different from their usual environment for a consecutive period of less than 1 year. Purpose: for leisure or business reasons Activities: set of activities carried out by people during their trips. Some Key Concepts... Different types of travelers (someone who moves between different geographic locations, for any purpose and duration.) VISITOR: is a traveler taking a trip to a main destination outside her/his usual environment, for less than a year, for any main purpose (business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited. A visitor is classified: o Tourist (or overnight visitor): if her/his trip includes at least an overnight o Excursionist ( or Same-day visitor) : less than 24 hours, the trip does not include overnight. Different forms of tourism: 1. Domestic Tourism: that of residents of a country who travel only within their own country. OUTBOUND 2. Inbound Tourism: that of the non-residents of a country of reference that travel only DOMESTIC within this country (visitors from overseas coming into the country) INBOUND 3. Outbound Tourism: that of the residents of a country of reference that travel only outside this country (taking holidays QUICK ACTIVITY: Which form of tourism is...? British tourists visiting I travel to Granada Barcelona INBOUND DOMESTIC TOURI TOURISM SM Spaniards visiting Budapest OUTBOUND TOURI SM These three basic forms of tourism can be combined in various ways to derive the following additional forms of tourism: Internal tourism (Domestic Tourism + Inbound Tourism): This refers to travel within the borders of one country. Ex: All tourist visiting Spain (Spaniards + Internationals) National tourism (Domestic Tourism + Outbound tourism): It includes all trips made by residents of a country, whether within or outside its borders. Ex: An Andalusian taking a road trip through Spain and Portugal. International tourism (Inbound tourism + Outbound tourism): All travel globally between different countries. Ex: All the Spaniards going abroad and all the international tourists visiting Spain Key Concepts Discover the Glossary of tourism terms! 1.2. Historical overview of Tourism  IN YOUR OPINION... TRAVELLING W = TOURISM? Early forms of Travel – For which purposes people travel in the Classic Era? RELIIGIOUS MILITAR COMERCIAL PLEASURE? Early forms of Travel –Egypts Privileged groups of the population cultivated the first journeys for pleasure. They visited famous monuments and relics of ancient Egyptian culture such as: the step pyramid of Sakkara or the Sphinx and the great pyramids of Gizeh Early forms of Travel – The Greeks Devoted their leisure time to culture, entertainment, religion and sports o Travelled to Delphi to question the Oracle o Travelled to Olympia for the Olympic Games o Went to the theatre in Epidaurus o Visited temples, gyms and baths Early forms of Travel – The Romans Wealthy Romans looked for relaxation in the seaside resorts in the South or passed time on the beaches of Egypt and Greece. They mainly travel for leisure, business or wellness Early forms of Travel – The Middle Ages EDUCATIONAL TRIPS: From the 12th Century, the movement of scholars became increasingly important. Journeys to famous academic institutions in France (Paris, Montpellier), England (Oxford), and Italy (Bologna) became both a custom and a component of education. TRAINING: Beginning in the 16th Century, the guilds prescribed the common European practice of journeying as an obligatory element of training, often lasting three or four years. The fundamental idea was that one could mature and learn while travelling, experience the world and improve one's craft. Early forms of Travel – Religious Pilgrimages Mainly expeditions departing from Venice to the Holy Land. El Camino de Santiago: in 813 the St. James (Santiago) tomb was discovered in Compostela. From the 11th Century there was a continuos pilgrimage from all over Europe which led to the setting up of routes, hostels, hospitals and other services for the pilgrims. Early forms of Travel – The Renaissance The big maritime expeditions lead by Spain, Portugal and Britain discovering new land, new habits and new wealth, encouraged people and awakened the wish of travelling. The Religious Pilgrimages continue: Santiago de Compostela, La Mecca, among others. It appears the first accommodations with the name "hotel". This is a French word to designate urban palaces. The palaces were soon unable to offer accommodation to a large number of travelers and this led to the construction of additional buildings to cope with the demand. Early forms of Travel – From the 17th to the Early 19th Century HEALTH TOURISM: In the 17th Century, "taking the waters" was increasingly prescribed under medical direction. Increasingly, evening leisure activities such as theatre and dance were offered to the patients and gradually, these locations started to be visited by guests looking for entertainment and pleasure. Early forms of Travel – The Grand Tour The classic Grand Tour was undertaken by young noble and lasted between one and three years. It was considered a fashionable way for European aristocrats to complete their education by visiting the continent’s centers of art and culture such as Paris, London, Venice and Rome. The route, sequence, contacts and the educational program, were planned down to the last detail. The aristocrats travelled with tutors, mentors, protégés, domestic servants, coachmen and other staff. Early forms of Travel – The 19th Century The advance of industrialization (Industrial Revolution) which had started in England at the end of the 18th Century, consolidated bourgeoisie as the leading social class and gave birth to a new working class, the proletariat, which became a numerous middle class thanks to the improvement of social and labor rights achieved during the economic revolution that followed the industrial revolution and the rise in real income. This middle class set the pace for the mass tourism  More than any other piece of technology it was the railway that “invented” modern tourism, although it’s true that it was not created to promote tourism and its use and popularisation of touristic routes and destinations only began towards the end of the 19th Century. But the railway made possible a new kind of affordable holiday by a new cross-country and then, trans-European – rail network, while the Orient Express, launched in 1883, set a new benchmark for luxury and comfort at a time when international travel was still considered uncomfortable and dangerous. Early forms of Travel – Thomas Cook Thomas Cook (1808-1892): a brilliant entrepreneur from England, is considered to be the creator of the Travel Agencies, and his pioneering role in the emergence of mass tourism is widely recognized. Cook was also the first one to offer organized trips from Great Britain to the continent (1856) and to the United States (1866). ​ From 1855, Cook added tour guides that took care of all details, so that tourists could devote themselves to relaxation. Early forms of Travel – Cesar Ritz (first modern hotelier) Cesar Ritz (1850-1918): He improved all the hotel services (from the restaurant to the rooms) and created a new hotel administration concept. The "grand hotel" concept turned out to also be the perfect stage for the "grande cuisne" created by his business partner, Auguste Escoffier (considered the best world's chef. The XXth Century ELITIST STAGE (end XIX to 1950)  Improvements in transportation (sea and rail).  First Travel Agency and Grand Hotel.  Tourism reserved for the wealthy with cultural/educational cultural/educational, welfare or religious interests, and of long duration.  Role of coastal and seaside destinations. Also in mountain.  The tourist has a passive character and adapts to the offer.  The sale is direct. The XXth Century FORDIST STAGE (1950 - 1980)  Development of air transport due to the world wars.  Workers' rights: paid vacations.  Overcrowded destinations, especially coastal. High seasonality and flows from northern to southern Europe.  Demand continues to adapt to supply. It has been modified by democratization of tourism, but the tourist remains passive. The XXth Century POST - FORDIST STAGE (1950 - 1980)  Crisis of the traditional model: mass destinations no longer appeals.  Growing demand for alternative and personalized alternative and personalized products.  Free movement of people, goods and capital (Maastricht Treaty in 1992, Schengen in 1995).  More mature demand forcing supply to adapt.  Rise of new destinations and alternative experiences.  Growing role of e-commerce and transformation of the sector.  Saturation and decline of large destinations. Brief Summary - Key Dates CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL 14th - 16th Century TIMES 1613 - 1785 Comercial routes Travel for religious, military, Grand Tour -- and infraestructure commercial, adventure and STATUS s exploration purposes. 18th – 19th Century 1919 1841 Industrial Revolutio First commercial flight Frist Travel Agency Thomas Cook n and Technological London – Paris Advances 1996 1997 Air transport 2007 Expedia Foundation as liberalization in Airbnb Foundation a division of Microsoft Europe 2020: COVID- 19 YOUR OPINION WHICH ARE THE CURRENT W TOURISM TRENDS? 1.3. Institutions, Organizations and Associations Organizations, institutions and associations QUICK ACTIVITY...Let's organize the following Public Private tourism entities! Internacio nal Nation al Local / Municipal Organizations, institutions and associations Public Private Internacio nal Nation al Local / Municipal THANK YOU!