Honors Biology 1st Semester Final Exam Study Guide - Dobos 2024 PDF

Honors Biology 1st Semester Final Exam Study Guide Dobos 2024 The Final Exam will be a combination of multiple choice and short answer essay question and will constitute 20% of your semester 1 grade. Tips for Studying: Organize your notes; remember...

Honors Biology 1st Semester Final Exam Study Guide Dobos 2024 The Final Exam will be a combination of multiple choice and short answer essay question and will constitute 20% of your semester 1 grade. Tips for Studying: Organize your notes; remember that the note presentations are all on Canvas Go over your lab activities, quizzes and tests and recopy notes ○ Tests will be available upon request during access time Draw Diagrams of Processes (ie. Protein Synthesis, DNA Replication) Make Charts to compare similarities and differences between concepts (ie. Mitosis and Meiosis) Use your Semester 1 Study Guides (all located in Canvas under each module) ○ Actively quiz yourself and your friends. Make flashcards for vocabulary terms, develop concept maps, make up mnemonic devices, create Biology review songs!. Use the in-class and extra review resources embedded within the study guide Explain concepts to friends, Parents, siblings Get a good night's rest the night before and eat a healthy breakfast/bring a snack to the final and water Good Luck! Major Content Areas: Main Themes of Biology The Characteristics of life Homeostasis - positive feedback and negative feedback loops, response to stimuli (receptor, control center, effector, messaging) Helpful Links Bozeman Science Video: Positive and Negative Feedback Loops Biomolecules (Macromolecules of Life) Monomers, polymers, condensation/dehydration reaction, hydrolysis reaction Carbohydrates, protein, lipid, nucleic acid (definitions, descriptions, functions, monomers, polymers, examples) Structure and function of each type of biomolecule Enzyme (ase) and Functions to help speed up reactions Helpful Links Amoeba Sisters: Biological Levels Amoeba Sisters: Biomolecules Video Crash Course: Biomolecules Video Amoeba Sisters: Enzymes Cell Structure and Function Cell Theory Cell, organelles, prokaryote, eukaryote, plant cell, animal cell, cell size (efficiency) Cell membrane (structure and function): hydrophilic, hydrophobic, selectively permeable, phospholipids, protein channels/pumps, cholesterol, carbohydrate chains Organelles (names and functions): nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, vesicle, chloroplast, etc.  Helpful Links Inside a Cell Interactive Amoeba Sisters: Introduction to Cells: The Grand Tour Crash Course: The City of Animal Cells Crash Course: Plant Cells Cellular Transport Passive transport ○ Diffusion ○ Osmosis ○ Facilitated Diffusion Active transport (definitions, examples, and how they work) ○ Endocytosis ○ Exocytosis ○ Uses ATP Osmotic environments/Tonicity: hypotonic solutions, hypertonic solutions, isotonic solutions Helpful Links Amoeba Sisters: Cell Membrane and Cell Transport Crash Course: Membrane and Transport Cell Growth and Reproduction The cell cycle: stages of the cell cycle (names and major events – Interphase: G1, S, G2 and Mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis), apoptosis spindle fibers, centriole, centromere, chromatid, chromosomes Cancer Helpful Links Amoeba Sisters: Mitosis Mitosis Narrated Simulation w/ quiz Mitosis Animation DNA and Protein Synthesis DNA (structure and function) Nucleotides DNA Replication - Enzymes Responsible (Helicase, DNA Polymerase, Ligase, and Primase), Leading and Lagging Strand, Okazaki Fragments Central Dogma- DNA to RNA to Protein Three types of RNA (structure and function), mRNA, rRNA, tRNA Protein Synthesis- Transcription and Translation, where each occurs in the cell and the process Mutation Types Helpful Links-DNA Helpful Links-Protein Synthesis Amoeba Sisters: DNA Structure Practice with Transcribing and Translating a Amoeba Sisters: DNA Replication Gene Simulation What is DNA and Genes? Informational Video Amoeba Sisters: Protein Synthesis Crash Course: DNA Replication Crash Course: Protein Synthesis Bozeman Science: DNA Replication Protein Synthesis Simulation What is a Mutation? Video Labs/Experimental Design Parts of a laboratory experience ○ Variables, Control, Constants, hypotheses, Titles ○ Ability to analyze a set of data The Microscope Parts of the Microscope Proper usage (care, focusing) How do determine magnification ****These are the “big picture ideas” of Honors Biology that I want you to leave this class knowing. This should provide you with a framework to start your finals studying but do NOT solely rely on this list for the exam. ***** 1. The Characteristics of Living Things are: Life is Organized Cellular Structure and Function Chemical of LIfe: DNA Life Grows and Develops Life Uses Energy Life Reproduces Life Evolves Life Responds to Stimuli (homeostasis) Interdependence 2. Homeostasis: is the maintenance of equilibrium in Biological systems. This happens at all levels of an organism. Negative Feedback and Positive Feedback 3. Cells: all life forms have one of two types of cells: Prokaryotic: Single-celled organisms, have no organelles or a nucleus Eukaryotic: Have organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus. (fungi, plants, animals, “protists”) 4. Biomolecules- cells are constructed of the 4 types of biomolecules. The chemical properties of these biomolecules dictate their function (carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins) 5. Cell Transport: how materials get into and out of the cell Cell Membranes are selectively permeable active and passive transport allows for the movement of molecules ie. diffusion of water=osmosis ie: glucose into the cell, wastes like CO2 out of the cell 6. DNA Polymer of repeating nucleotide monomers Sequence of Nitrogen bases (ATCG) encodes for proteins (traits) Replication: copying of DNA to produce two identical DNA molecules ○ Happens during the ‘S’ phase of the cell cycle before division ○ super wound into chromosomes right before cell division 5. Protein Synthesis (aka gene expression) Overview of process is DNA to RNA to Protein ○ DNA to RNA = Transcription (happens in the cell’s nucleus); ○ mRNA to protein =Translation (happens in ribosomes in the cell’s cytoplasm) ○ Understand how mutations can occur to change the protein made 6. The Cell Cycle The life cycle of a cell (Growth, Replication of DNA, Division (mitosis or meiosis) ○ Body Cells=Mitosis (chromosomes line up and pull apart a cell divides) Cancer= out of control Mitosis and/or slow down of Apoptosis (cell death)