Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life?
- Ability to dream (correct)
- Reproduction
- Adaptation to environment
- Response to stimuli
Homeostasis refers to the process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis refers to the process of maintaining a stable internal environment.
True (A)
What is the main function of enzymes?
What is the main function of enzymes?
To speed up chemical reactions.
The structural unit of life is the ______.
The structural unit of life is the ______.
Match the following biomolecules with their primary function:
Match the following biomolecules with their primary function:
Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
Prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus.
What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
What is the primary role of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living things?
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stability in biological systems.
Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of stability in biological systems.
What are the two types of cells found in all life forms?
What are the two types of cells found in all life forms?
The process of __________ involves the copying of DNA to produce identical DNA molecules.
The process of __________ involves the copying of DNA to produce identical DNA molecules.
Which statement describes DNA?
Which statement describes DNA?
Active transport does not require energy input from the cell.
Active transport does not require energy input from the cell.
What are the two main processes of protein synthesis?
What are the two main processes of protein synthesis?
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?
Active transport processes do not require ATP.
Active transport processes do not require ATP.
Name the main stages of the cell cycle.
Name the main stages of the cell cycle.
During _____, the cell prepares for division and replicates its DNA.
During _____, the cell prepares for division and replicates its DNA.
Match the following types of RNA with their functions:
Match the following types of RNA with their functions:
In which part of the cell does translation take place?
In which part of the cell does translation take place?
Mutations can occur during DNA replication.
Mutations can occur during DNA replication.
What are Okazaki fragments?
What are Okazaki fragments?
Flashcards
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.
Positive Feedback Loop
Positive Feedback Loop
A process where the product of a reaction stimulates the reaction to continue, amplifying the effect.
Negative Feedback Loop
Negative Feedback Loop
A process where the product of a reaction inhibits the reaction, counteracting the initial change and maintaining stability.
Monomers
Monomers
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Polymers
Polymers
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Dehydration Reaction
Dehydration Reaction
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Hydrolysis Reaction
Hydrolysis Reaction
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Cell
Cell
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Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback
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Negative Feedback
Negative Feedback
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Prokaryotic Cell
Prokaryotic Cell
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Eukaryotic Cell
Eukaryotic Cell
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DNA Replication
DNA Replication
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Transcription
Transcription
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Translation
Translation
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Diffusion
Diffusion
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Osmosis
Osmosis
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Facilitated Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
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Active Transport
Active Transport
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis
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The Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle
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Mitosis
Mitosis
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Study Notes
Tips for Studying
- Organize notes, using Canvas presentations
- Review lab activities, quizzes, and tests, rewriting notes
- Use available test practice and access materials
- Draw diagrams of processes (protein synthesis, DNA replication)
- Compare concepts using charts (Mitosis vs. Meiosis)
- Utilize Semester 1 study guides, located on Canvas
- Quiz yourself, make flashcards, and create concept maps
- Review in-class and supplemental resources within the study guide
- Explain concepts to others (friends, family)
- Ensure sufficient rest and a healthy breakfast before the exam
- Bring water and a snack to the exam
Major Content Areas: Main Themes of Biology
- Characteristics of life
- Homeostasis (positive & negative feedback loops, response to stimuli; receptor, control center, effector, messaging)
Helpful Links
- Bozeman Science Video: Positive and Negative Feedback Loops
Biomolecules (Macromolecules of Life)
- Monomers, polymers, condensation/dehydration reactions, hydrolysis reactions
- Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (definitions, functions, examples, monomer/polymer structure)
- Enzyme function and their roles in speeding up biochemical reactions
Helpful Links
- Amoeba Sisters: Biological Levels
- Amoeba Sisters: Biomolecules Video
- Crash Course: Biomolecules Video
- Amoeba Sisters: Enzymes
Cell Structure and Function
- Cell theory
- Cells (organelles, prokaryotes, eukaryotes, plant cells, animal cells)
- Cell efficiency
- Cell membranes (structure, function, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, selectively permeable, phospholipids, protein channels/pumps, cholesterol, carbohydrates)
- Organelle functions (nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth/rough ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplasts)
Helpful Links
- Amoeba Sisters: Cell Membrane and Cell Transport
- Crash Course: Membrane and Transport
Cell Growth and Reproduction
- Cell cycle stages (G1, S, G2, mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis)
- Apoptosis
- Cancer and its mechanisms related to controlling cell division and growth
Helpful Links
- Amoeba Sisters: Mitosis
- Mitosis Narrated Simulation with quiz
- Mitosis Animation
DNA and Protein Synthesis
- DNA structure and function (nucleotides)
- DNA Replication (enzymes: helicase, DNA polymerase, ligase, primase, leading and lagging strands, Okazaki fragments)
- Central Dogma (DNA to RNA to protein)
- Types of RNA (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA), their structures, and functions
- Protein synthesis (transcription, translation, location in the cell)
- Types of mutations
Helpful Links
- Amoeba Sisters: DNA Structure
- Amoeba Sisters: DNA Replication
- What is DNA and Genes? Informational Video
- Crash Course: DNA Replication
- Bozeman Science: DNA Replication
- Practice with Transcribing and Translating a Gene Simulation (helpful links for these processes)
- Amoeba Sisters: protein synthesis
- Crash Course: protein synthesis
- Protein synthesis simulation
- What is a mutation?
Labs/Experimental Design
- Parts of lab experiments
- Variables, control, constants, hypotheses
- Data analysis and interpretation skills
The Characteristics of Living Things
- Organization, function of cells
- Growth and development
- Living organisms and sources of energy
- Reproduction and reproduction processes, and evolution
- Response to stimuli and homeostasis
- Interdependence between living things
Homeostasis
- Cellular mechanisms to maintain internal equilibrium
- Negative and positive feedback loops
Cells
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Cell organelles and structure (nucleus, organelles)
- Types of biomolecules relating to cell function (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids)
Biomolecules
- Cell structure components that perform cellular functions (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids)
Cell Transport
- Active and passive transport mechanisms (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
- Mechanisms of molecules moving in and out of cells (passive transport: diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion; active transport: pumps)
DNA
- Polymer of repeating nucleotide monomers
- Sequence of nitrogen bases: encodes for proteins. Traits
- Replication: how DNA copies (S phase)
Protein Synthesis (aka gene expression)
- Overview of process to proteins (Transcription process to RNA and Translation process from RNA to protein, location in the cell)
- Understanding how mutations can affect protein production
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