History of Architecture 1 Reviewer PDF

History of architecture 1 REVIEWER Hoa- Is a record of man's effort to build beautifully. It traces the origin, growth and decline of architectural styles which have prevailed lands and ages Historic Styles of Architecture- method and characteristics, manner of design prevails at a certain place & p...

History of architecture 1 REVIEWER Hoa- Is a record of man's effort to build beautifully. It traces the origin, growth and decline of architectural styles which have prevailed lands and ages Historic Styles of Architecture- method and characteristics, manner of design prevails at a certain place & place Prehistoric Architecture -Structures built before written history. -Early human shelters and monumental structures. Periods of Prehistoric Architecture - Paleolithic Period ( Old Stone Age ) - Mesolithic Period ( Middle Stone Age ) - Neolithic Period ( New Stone Age ) - Bronze Age - Iron Age Influencing Factors - Geographical - Geological - Climatic - Religion - Historical - Social and Political Paleolithic Period ( Old Stone Age ) Materias used: natural materials like wood, stone, bone, & animal hides. Shelters: caves & temporary huts Cultural Significance: Early human shelters reflect the nomadic lifestyle of hunter-gatherers. Mesolithic Period ( Middle Stone Age ) Materials used: woods, stone, bone reeds, and animal hides. Shelters: semi permanent house & pithouses Cultural Significance: Indicates a transition from nomadic to more settled. Neolithic Period (New Stone Age) Materials used: stone, mudbrick, wood & thatch Types of Structures Megalithic structure- menhirs, dolmens, stone circles Longhouses- Large communal dwellings typically elongated rectangular structures. Cultural Significance: Reflecting the transition from nomadic to settled agricultural communities. Monolith- means single structure consisting upright or aligned with others in parallel rows.. Ex: menhir Dolmen- From the words daul, a table, and maen, a stone; A prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab or capstone. 2 variations Cove- 3 standing stones, 2 on the sides and 1 at the back Trilithon – structucture consisting 2 upright stone supporting horizontal lintel or beam Early Cities- - As settlements became more permanent, hunters started farming communities - - - New architecture was also developed to represent communal and spiritual values Lascaux Cave Lascaux, France ( 13,000-8500 BCE ) - cave that containing wall paintings and engravings of Paleolithic human. Mammoth Bone Huts Mezhyrich, Ukraine (20,000-5,000 BCE) - The Mezhyrich site was a winter settlement of Paleolithic hunters. Pit house- semi subterranean dwelling that typically dug into ground and the roof supported by wooden post. Menhir ( Brittany France ) Kilclooney Countey Donegal, Ireland- It utilizes trabeation, it consists of vertical supports called posts that hold up horizontal elements called lintels. Göbekli Tepe- a Neolithic archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. It is famous for its large circular structures that contain massive stone pillars – among the world's oldest known megaliths Stonehenge Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England- A megalithic monument consisting of four concentric rings of trilithons and menhirs centered around an altar stone. Jericho ( Aerial view showing the ruins of Tell es-Sultan. Jordan ) - One of the world’s oldest continually-inhabited city. - A hilltop city; citizens lived in stone houses with plaster floors, surrounded by high walls and towers Khirokitia ( Cyprus ) - earliest Neolithic Village. - Utilized a complex architectural system built according to a preconceived plan, suggesting a structured social organization. Khirokitia ( Partial modern-day reconstruction of Khirokitia, Cyprus ) - House, built in limestone, had a circular plan, the exterior diameter of which varied from about 2 to 9 meters Çatalhöyük - Largest and most well preserved Neolithic Village. - Consisted of rectangular flat roofed houses packed together into a single - No streets or passageways  More Examples of Prehistoric Architecture Tipi- tipi has been used by certain indigenous peoples of the plains in the great plains & Canadian prairies of north America. Notably 7 tribes of Sioux: - Lowa people - The otoe and pawnee - Blackfeet - Crow - Assiniboines - Arapaho - And plains cree Beehive hut- beehive hut are some of oldest known structures in Ireland and Scotland, dating from as far back 2000 bc Trullo ( itria valley, Italian region of apulia )- trullo is traditional Apulian dry stone hut with conical roof. Wigman ( eastern half of north America )- wigman was a type of house used mainly by Algonquian people but also their indigenous people. Hogan ( ancient Ireland )- hogan stems from irish roots and holds the meaning descendant of the young warrior. Tumulus- tumulus known also as the necropolis of bougon, is a group of borrows dating to the neolithic period. Igloo - the inuit know to many eskimos, invented the igloo centuries ago. Igloo was a means for hunters to survive brutal winters in a vast area.