HLPR2004-2024 Week 1 Introduction to Health Promotion.pdf

Foundations of Health Promotion HLPR 2004 Health Promotion Planning Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J I acknowledge the Traditional Custodians and Custodians of the land on which we gather today, and give my respects to their ancestors, E...

Foundations of Health Promotion HLPR 2004 Health Promotion Planning Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J I acknowledge the Traditional Custodians and Custodians of the land on which we gather today, and give my respects to their ancestors, Elders and Senior Knowledge Holders past, present and those following in their footsteps. Teaching staff Associate Professor Justine Leavy | Unit Co-Ordinator & Fully Online Tutor Dr Sophie Haywood | Tutor 8 am Dr Emmanuel Badu | Tutor 10am Francene Leaversuch | Tutor 1pm Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J The Unit Syllabus  This unit will provide you with an introduction and overview of health promotion planning principles and practice. Including: Foundations of health promotion Rationale for health promotion Needs assessment Psychosocial/behavioural theory Application of theoretical and empirical evidence and planning Implementing health promotion interventions. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Unit Learning Outcomes Develop Develop a rationale supporting the need for health promotion programs Describe Describe needs assessments processes as a basis for health promotion planning Assess Demonstrate Critically assess various planning models, theories and frameworks for planning health promotion programs Demonstrate the principles of successful health promotion planning Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  Assessment 1 (20%): 3-minute thesis One x 3-minute oral presentation via video for everyone. + a written summary 1.5 pages. Full details on Blackboard and a marking guide. A sample from past students is also provided. NB: you will use a program called ScreenPal full instructions are on Blackboard. This is the ONLY format you can submit your video for marking. Assessment 2 (50%): Program Proposal (1800 word count) Full details on Blackboard. 2 topics to choose from: Drowning prevention in Australia OR Malaria prevention in South Asia. Word count includes any tables you create. Word count excludes the Reference List. Assessment 3 (30%): Written Examination Consists of multi-choice, short/mid-length written answers and a case study. In the University examination period, face-to-face examination. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Learnings for Week 1 At the end of this session you will be able to:  Define the concepts of: Health Public Health Health Education Health Promotion  Describe the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion  Describe the Ecologic approach to health  Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Outline the Social Determinants of health Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What is health? Health is a dynamic concept with multiple meanings dependent on the context. People view health as essential to wellbeing; however, individuals’ definitions of health vary according to their own social experience and are relative to their age, their personal knowledge and their gendered, social and illness experiences. Source: Keleher & MacDougall, 2008. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health  Health means different things to different people.  Freedom of disease, feeling happy or satisfied, it is never static.  WHO definition “a state of mental, social, physical & spiritual wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease”.  Broader, multi-dimensional view - factors that influence health include: genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors cultural influences socioeconomic conditions provision of, access to, and use of health care services and programs. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What Factors Determine Our Health? Family Health History Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Environment Behaviour & Lifestyle physical societal mental Health spiritual social emotional Six elements of health Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J “The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition”. Source: Tones, K., & Green, J. (2004). Health promotion: planning and strategies. Sage. What is Public Health?  Modern public health dates back to the 18th century, focus on infectious diseases.  1854 - John Snow’s removal of London’s Broad Street pump handle to prevent using cholera-contaminated water - a good example of early public health.  Until the 1960s, the focus remained mainly on environmental and biological determinants of health.  A greater awareness of behavioural determinants of health saw the emergence of health promotion & lifestyle issues.  An emphasis on promoting positive health behaviours, social determinants and marginalised groups. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What is public health?  The science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention and detection and control of infectious diseases.  Concerned with protecting the health of entire populations.  Public health and health promotion are not synonymous.  Public health is the umbrella term and Health Promotion is it’s own discipline (& workforce). Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What is health education? Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health education: a definition The communication of knowledge and the provision of experiences to help individuals develop attitudes and skills which will assist their adopting behaviour to improve and maintain health for themselves. Source: Howat, Howat & Jones, 1992. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health Education  Health education aims to assist individuals, groups and communities to make informed decisions about their health.  In addition, health education aims to enable individuals and groups to influence change in social policy. (Howat & Fisher, 1985)  Make informed health decisions Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health education is used for:  Personal health behaviour (individual behavioural perspectives)  Environmental and legislative changes (structural perspectives/ social policy) Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What is Health Promotion? WHAT FRIENDS & FAMILY THINK IT IS Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J WHAT SOCIETY THINKS IT IS WHAT IT IS What is health promotion? Health promotion engages and empowers individuals and communities to adopt healthy behaviours and make changes that reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases and other morbidities. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Health promotion what does WHO say? “Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector, but goes beyond healthy life-styles to well-being.” WHO, 1986 Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Definition from Curtin colleagues Health promotion can be regarded as a combination of educational, organisational, economic, social and political actions designed with meaningful participation, to enable individuals, groups and whole communities to increase control over and to improve their health through attitudinal, behavioural, social and environmental changes. Source: Howat, Maycock et al (2003) Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J HEALTH PROMOTION - CRUCIAL TO PUBLIC HEALTH  Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Source: http://wfpha.org/wfpha-projects/14projects/171-a-global-charter-for-the-public-shealth-3 Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J World Health Organization’s Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health It involves the population as a whole in the action on the determinants or causes of health.  Source: World Health Organization. Ottawa Charter on health promotion. 1986 Available from: www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdf Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Core values:  Social justice  Empowerment  Participation  Equity  Holistic view of health Source: World Health Organization (1986) Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J The key principles of Health Promotion  Involvement of whole populations in the context of everyday life, enabling people to take control of, and responsibility for their health;  Tackling the determinants of health;  Using a range of different, but complementary methods from legislation, policy, community development, to education and communication;  Effective public participation – may result in individual or community capacity. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Equity and social justice reducing differences and ensuring equal opportunities for people to achieve their fullest health potential. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J HEALTH PROMOTION WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION OTTAWA CHARTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION (1986) 3 KEY STRATEGIES ACTION AREAS ENABLE Build Healthy Public Policy Create Supportive Environments Strengthen Community Actions STRATEGIES Develop Personal Skills MEDIATE ADVOCATE Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Reorient Health Services Models of health  Used to understand and explain health behaviour.  Guide identification of strategies for health promotion.  Provide an understanding of individual and population health.  Important when planning a health promotion program.  Different models required due to the complexity of health issues. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J What needs determine our health Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Improvement in health requires a secure foundation basic prerequisites. These are: peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Ecological models  Ecological models of health behaviour recognise the influence of the environment on a person’s health behaviours.  An ecological approach recognises health is the outcome of complex interrelationships & interdependencies between humans, the determinants of health, and the broader environment in which they exist. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Levels of influence  Intrapersonal/individual factors  Interpersonal factors  Organisational factors  Community factors  Public policy. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Determinants of health  The determinants of health and wellbeing are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age  Many factors combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities.  Where we live, the state of our environment, genetics, our income and education level, and our relationships with friends and family all have considerable impacts on health  The determinants of health include: the social and economic environment, the physical environment, and the person’s individual characteristics and behaviours.  It is not new, but has been used in contemporary planning, programs and policy setting. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J  The social determinants of health are the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels. Women and gender equity Early childhood development Social exclusion Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Social Determinants of Health (SDH)  Social factors are important determinants because they create inequitable differences in health outcomes. The WHO has identified 10 SDH: 1. the social gradient 2. stress 3. early life 4. social exclusion 5. work 6. unemployment 7. social support 8. addiction 9. food 10. transport. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Public Health Agency of Canada lists 12 determinants  Physical environments;  Income and social status;  Employment and working conditions;  Education and literacy;  Social environments;  Personal health practices & coping skills;  Social support networks;  Healthy child development;  Health services;  Biology and genetic endowment;  Culture  Gender. NB: Many of these can grouped under the general heading of socio-economic status (SES). Many aspects of health vary systematically by SES. Morbidity and mortality rates correlated education, income, occupation and other factors, but each of these reflects broader differences in social determinants Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J “Blaming individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many of the determinants of health.” World Health Organization (2011) Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Learning Outcomes (ULOs) At the end of this session you will be able to:  Define the concepts of: Health Public Health Health education Health Promotion  Describe the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion  Describe the Ecologic approach to health  Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Outline the Social Determinants of health Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J Next week….  Rationale for health promotion the lecture will be online as is a Curtin observed Public Holiday. Don’t come to campus  Epidemiologic evidence for state, national & international trends  Priorities for health promotion planning  Don’t forget to do the reading before your tutorial or posting to Blackboard if a Fully Online student Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2016. Australia’s health 2016. Australia’s health series no. 15. Cat. no. AUS 199. Canberra: AIHW.{Accessed 18 February, 2019]. Burns, S and Portsmouth L. (2010) Health Promotion Ch 19 in Health Psychology and Behaviour in Australis. Eds. F Allen Howat, P., Collins, J., Jackson, L., James, R., Burns, S., Cross, D., & Maycock, B. (2003). Towards a more unified definition of health promotion. Health Promotion Journal of Australia 14:82-5. Jirojwong, S., & Liamputtong, P. (2009). Population health, communities and health promotion. Tones, K., & Green, J. (2004). Health promotion: planning and strategies. Sage. World Health Organization http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/en/ Accessed 29 February, 2016. Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology CRICOS Provider Code 00301J