Australia And The War History Notes Sem 2 PDF

lHistory Mando **AUSTRALIA AND THE WAR** **Causes of the war** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Treaty of Versailles | - 28^th^ June 1919 | | | | |...

lHistory Mando **AUSTRALIA AND THE WAR** **Causes of the war** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Treaty of Versailles | - 28^th^ June 1919 | | | | | | - Meant that Germany felt tense | | | (paying money, targeted by | | | rest of world) | | | | | | - Angered Germany - left the | | | country insecure (military | | | reduced) | +===================================+===================================+ | Great Depression | - Hyperinflation - printing too | | | much money to try deal with | | | debt | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | German Militarism | - Decided they needed to expand | | | and get more space to grow | | | German power and race. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Failure of Appeasement | - Talking to Germany did not | | | work (Countries told them no | | | but they did not listen) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Failure of League of Nations | - Britain and France ignored | | | the league to try and appease | | | Hitler - did not work | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Japan's Militarism | - While everyone else was | | | preoccupied in Germany they | | | decided to try expanding | | | their own empire and invade | | | Australia. | | | | | | - Historically have had great | | | military success | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Australians in the war** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Definitions | Enlistment -- help war effort | +===================================+===================================+ | Key Dates | WWI: 1914 - 1918 | | | | | | WWII: 1939 - 1949 | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Reasons Australians involved in | - Tradition | | war | | | | - Brotherhood | | | | | | - Desire to march on Anzac Day | | | | | | - Escape their | | | jobs/towns/domestic | | | difficulties | | | | | | - Sense of duty | | | | | | - Their friends/peers/others | | | wanted to | | | | | | - Nationalism | | | | | | - Life of adventure | | | | | | - glory | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Where Australians fought | - Britain | | | | | | - North America | | | | | | - Greece and Crete | | | | | | - Middle east | | | | | | - Singapore | | | | | | - Burma | | | | | | - Indonesia | | | | | | - Australia | | | | | | - New Guinea | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Allied and Axis Powers** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Allies | United states | | | | | | Great Britain | | | | | | France | | | | | | Australia | +===================================+===================================+ | Axis | Italy | | | | | | Germany | | | | | | Japan | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Japan and Australia** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Definitions | | +===================================+===================================+ | Key dates | Japanese Expansion into East Asia | | | in 1931 | | | | | | 1937 attack on China | | | | | | Japan joined Axis on the 27^th^ | | | September 1940 | | | | | | PEARL HARBOUR 7 DECEMBER | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Outline events | - Japan constantly at war with | | | China -\> USA supported | | | China's sovereignty and | | | against Japan's militaristic | | | regime | | | | | | - Led to pearl harbour December | | | 7 | | | | | | - Pearl harbour marked USA | | | entry into war | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Impact on Australia | - This attack brought the war | | | closer to home -\> | | | Australians were more at risk | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **War in the pacific** **Kokoda Track** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Background** | Kokoda track runs 96Km straight | | | through PNG. The Kokoda track | | | connects Owners corner and Port | | | Moresby (one of Aus main army | | | bases). Aus set ANZAC troops as | | | PNG was part of Australian | | | territory and their conscripts | | | were sent to fight along the | | | track. Japan aimed to claim more | | | territory and made their way | | | overland the Kokoda track to | | | capture Port Moresby hoping this | | | would allow them to take control | | | of PNG, making then able to use | | | this control as a base to attack | | | Australia and shipping in the | | | Pacific. | +===================================+===================================+ | **Dates** | 21^st^ of July -- 16^th^ of | | | November 1942. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Combatants** | 56, 000 Australian fought on the | | | Kokoda tracks, more than 600 died | | | during the campaign and more then | | | 1600 were wounded. The Japanese | | | had about 13, 500 soldiers, more | | | than 10, 000 of them died. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Impact** | - Conscripts were sent out to | | | fight along the track | | | | | | - Trade between Aus and Japan | | | stopped leading to shortage | | | of resources | | | | | | - Labour shortages impacted | | | economy | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **Attack on Sydney Harbour** **Background** Japan had previously bombed Darwin in February, Japan also aimed throughout WWII to take over the whole Pacific Theatre. Australia was an easy target due to it close proximity to Asia ---------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Event** On the night of 31 May -- 1 June 1942 three Japanese midget submarines attacked Sydney Harbour. They were launched from a group of five larger submarines waiting 13km off the Heads. All three midget submarines were lost, with two of them destroyed before they could fire their torpedoes. Their aim was to destroy Australia's main warship CSS Chicago. The M-27 upon entering the harbour got its propellor caught in anti-submarine nets near the wester boom gate. The men on board, realising they couldn't escape, fired demolitions on their own ship, killing themselves and destroying the vessel. The third fired at but missed the USS Chicago, sinking HMAS Kuttabul, a coverted ferry, and killing 21 sleeping sailors aboard. Reactions by Sydney residents varied; a few made plans to flee the city, but many came to watch the recovery of the submarines. **THE HOLOCAUST** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Definitions** | ***Holocaust*** | | | | | | - A destruction or slaughter on | | | a mass scale | | | | | | ***Genocide*** | | | | | | - Refers to violent crimes | | | committed against groups with | | | the intent to destroy the | | | existence of the group | | | | | | - Aryan race (blonde, blue | | | eyes) | | | | | | **Anti Semitism** | | | | | | - Anti Jew sentiment | | | | | | - Any prejudice and | | | discrimination against Jewish | | | ppl | | | | | | **Indoctrination** | | | | | | **Scape goat** | | | | | | **Propaganda** | | | | | | - Medium used to influence a | | | POV | +===================================+===================================+ | **Key dates** | - Holocaust 1933-1945 | | | | | | - WWII 1939 - 1945 | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Anti Semitism** | - Not a modern idea (medieval | | | philosophies) | | | | | | - Blaming all sorts of losses | | | on Jewish ppl | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **HITLER** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key dates** | - Born 20 April 1889 | | | | | | - Moved to Munich may 1913 | | | | | | - "25 points published 1920" | +===================================+===================================+ | **Early life** | - "He had a definite | | | talent\...but he lacked | | | self-discipline, being | | | notoriously cantankerous, | | | wilful, arrogant and | | | bad-tempered". | | | | | | - Applied and got rejected into | | | the Vienna Academy of Fine | | | Arts | | | | | | - Not German (Austrian)  | | | | | | - Moves to Germany to avoid | | | military service | | | | | | **WAR** | | | | | | - Goes into WWI so it gives him | | | direction | | | | | | - Brave soldier | | | | | | - Wins Germanys highest | | | military honour | | | | | | - Not a drifter anymore, now a | | | skilled soldier | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Political turn** | - Employed as an investigator | | | to check on a range of | | | radical right-wing groups in | | | Bavaria through the army | | | | | | - Had to sit in political | | | meetings | | | | | | - Job was to do on | | | dangerous political | | | groups to the government | | | | | | - Reported that the German | | | Worker's parties' ideas were | | | harmless and then joins the | | | party | | | | | | - Renames it to National | | | Socialist German Workers' | | | Party (nazis) | | | | | | - Hostile to socialist ideas | | | (equal only if you are a | | | "good German") | | | | | | - Jews and other "aliens" | | | (foreigners) not allowed into | | | Germany | | | | | | - "25 points" published calling | | | for stronger leadership, | | | abolition of treaty of | | | Versailles | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **German sus words** | - **Lebensraum** | | | | | | The need for living space for the | | | German nation to expand. Germany | | | invading other places (Poland | | | initially) | | | | | | - **A strong Germany** | | | | | | The treaty of Versailles should | | | be abolished, and all | | | German-speaking people united in | | | one country | | | | | | - **Fuhrer** | | | | | | The idea that there should be a | | | single leader with complete power | | | rather than a democracy | | | | | | - **Social Darwinism** | | | | | | The idea that the Aryan race was | | | superior, and Jews were subhuman. | | | Evolution by way of survival of | | | the fittest. | | | | | | - **Autarky** | | | | | | The idea that Germany should be | | | economically self-sufficient | | | | | | - **Germany was in danger** | | | | | | Communists and Jews had to be | | | destroyed | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Nazi Party** | - Meetings were rough and | | | violent where they would beat | | | up opponents or hecklers | | | | | | - Successful as both | | | conservatives and the | | | everyday person struggling | | | supported it | | | | | | - Fear was key tactic | | | | | | - Party membership reached | | | about 55,000 by 1923 | | | | | | - Ideas were appealing to | | | others | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Munich Putsch** | - November 1923 | | | | | | - Tried to seize power from the | | | regional govt in Bavaria | | | | | | - Failed and then Hitler was | | | jailed, he served nine months | | | of a five-year sentence. | | | | | | - He wrote the auto biography | | | Mein Kampf -- My struggle | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Great Depression** | - Hit at the end of 1929 | | | | | | - Unemployment rose to over 1.5 | | | million people | | | | | | - Ppl were frustrated with the | | | govt, so they turned to the | | | Nazi party | | | | | | - 1929 and 1932 his popularity | | | increased and presented | | | himself as a strong leader | | | | | | - Promoted to chancellor of | | | Germany 30 January 1933 | | | | | | - President Hindenburg was | | | v old | | | | | | - 1933-34 nazi party strengthen | | | party | | | | | | - 23 March 1933 Hitler has the | | | Enabling Act passed which | | | means he gets to make all the | | | laws | | | | | | - Abolished all other parties | | | but the Nazi party and also | | | | | | - unions | | | | | | - 30 June 1934 some leaders of | | | SA (nazi private military) | | | started making demands and | | | wanted to take over | | | | | | - Hitler didn't want to | | | give in so killed 300 SA | | | members including its | | | leader | | | | | | - This destroyed all | | | opposition in the Nazi | | | party | | | | | | - 19^th^ of Aug 1934 president | | | died Hitler united | | | Chancellorship and presidency | | | into a position called Fuhrer | | | (absolute ruler of Germany) | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **ANTI JEWISH DECREE** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Definitions** | Decree = rules | | | | | | Boycott = Not do something | +===================================+===================================+ | **Key dates** | 30^th^ January 1933 -- Nazis came | | | to power | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key ideas** | - Over time the nature of | | | Hitler's policy became | | | harsher (escalation between | | | 1933 and 1945) | | | | | | - Jewish ppl was beaten up in | | | the streets and murdered | | | | | | - Jewish homes and shops were | | | attacked as well as | | | synagogues (Jewish place of | | | worship) | | | | | | - USED FEAR AS KEY TACTIC | | | | | | - 1933 37,000 Jews left to go | | | to nearby countries (France, | | | Belgium, the Netherlands, | | | Denmark, Czechoslovakia and | | | Switzerland) | | | | | | - When they left they could | | | not take their money or | | | assets | | | | | | - Humiliation = dehumanisation | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Timeline** | 1933 -- Economic Boycott | | | | | | 1933 -- Burning of Books | | | | | | 1935 -- Nuremburg Laws | | | (restrictions of rights) | | | | | | 1936 -- Olympic Games Berlin | | | | | | 1938 -- Jewish kids expelled from | | | the schools (denied leisure and | | | culture) | | | | | | 1938 -- Passport "J" -- Identity | | | Cards (Sarah and Isreal) | | | | | | 1939 -- WWII Starts | | | | | | 1940 -- Ghettos in Poland | | | | | | 1941 -- Star of David | | | | | | 1942 -- Wannsee Conference | | | ("resettle Jewish people") | | | | | | 1945 -- War ends | | | | | | ESCALATION IN SEVERITY | | | | | | Was the only way it was | | | successful | | | | | | Population buy in | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **NAZI ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE 1930** 1. **1933 Economic Boycott of Jewish Businesses** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **What did the boycott involve?** | - SA men positioned themselves | | | in from of shops of Jewish | | | owners | | | | | | - Painted the star of David on | | | shop windows | | | | | | - Got in the way of customers | | | trying to enter | | | | | | - Carried signs with | | | anti-Jewish slogans | +===================================+===================================+ | **Was the boycott successful?** | - No, as many Germans did not | | | care | | | | | | - Only lasted one day | | | | | | - After boycott there was | | | massive increase in | | | propaganda | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Why might people have reacted | - Because when the Nazi party | | the way they did to the boycott | were campaigning, they did | | in 1933?** | not promote antisemitism | | | strongly until 1933, so it | | | might have come as a shock | | | | | | - Too intense + over the top | | | | | | - Very significant displays of | | | violence, discrimination | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 2. **1935 Nuremberg Laws** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Law for the Protection of | - **A law against | | German Blood and German Honour** | \'race-mixing\' or \'race | | | defilement\'.** | | | | | | - **It banned future | | | intermarriages and sexual | | | relations between Jews and | | | people of German or related | | | blood** | | | | | | - **Nazis believed that these | | | relationships were dangerous | | | as they led to mixed race | | | children an were not pure** | +===================================+===================================+ | **Law for the Protection of | - **Burden on German society** | | Hereditary Health** | | | | - **Forced sterilisation** | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **The Reich Citizenship Law** | - Stripped Jews of their German | | | citizenship | | | | | | - Introduced a new distinction | | | between \'Reich citizens\' | | | and \'national\' | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 3. **1938 Kristallnacht** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Overview** | - 250 Synagogues, 7000 Jewish | | | businesses, private homes, | | | Jewish schools were set on | | | fire. Firefighters ordered | | | not to help any Jewish | | | settlements. | | | | | | - 100 Jews killed. | | | | | | - Jews were blamed for | | | Kristallnacht had to pay | | | US\$500 Mil to community. | | | | | | - Morning after: 30, 000 Jewish | | | men + boy taken to | | | concentration camps. | | | | | | - Identifiers: Star of David, | | | Passport (middle name | | | changed) | +===================================+===================================+ | **Importance** | - The start of state sanctioned | | | violence towards Jews | | | | | | - Proof that propaganda has | | | increased antisemitism. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key Groups** | SA, SS, Hitler Youth, German | | | citizens | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **PROPAGANDA** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Key people** | Joseph Goebbels -- Propaganda | | | Minister | +===================================+===================================+ | **Key terms** | Dissent -- unrest/opposition | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Tactics** | - Fear | | | | | | - Violence | | | | | | - Education | | | | | | - Told people what they wanted | | | to hear | | | | | | - Likened a group of people to | | | a virus | | | | | | - Dehumanising so ppl felt less | | | guilt | | | | | | - Anti Semitic propopganda | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - *\"If you tell a lie big | | | enough and keep repeating it, | | | people will eventually come | | | to believe it. The lie can be | | | maintained only for such time | | | as the State can shield the | | | people from the political, | | | economic and/or military | | | consequences of the lie. It | | | thus becomes vitally | | | important for the State to | | | use all of its powers to | | | repress dissent, for the | | | truth is the mortal enemy of | | | the lie, and thus by | | | extension, the truth is the | | | greatest enemy of the | | | State."-*Joseph Goebbels | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **EDUCATION IN NAZI GERMANY** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **How the education was | - All teachers had to swear an | | controlled/indoctrinated** | oath of allegiance to Hitler, | | | and teach in accordance with | | | Nazi values and ideals | | | | | | - 32% of teachers who were NAZI | | | party members wore their | | | uniforms to teach | | | | | | - Curriculum prioritised | | | physical fitness and | | | obedience. | | | | | | - Jewish kids were considered a | | | whole different race (not | | | human) | | | | | | - Textbooks were all rewritten | | | and then passed by the Nazi | | | party in order to continue | | | the spread of their message. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **HITLER YOUTH** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Organisation motives** | - "These boys and girls enter | | | our organisations at ten | | | years of age and after four | | | years of the Young Folk, they | | | go onto the Hitler Youth" - | | | Adolf Hitler | | | | | | - From the 1920s onwards the | | | nazi party targeted German | | | youth with propaganda, | | | admissions rapidly increased | | | until it was made compulsory | | | in 1939 | | | | | | - In the classroom and in the | | | Hitler Youth, instruction | | | aimed to produce | | | race-conscious, obedient, | | | self-sacrificing Germans who | | | would be willing to die for | | | Führer and Fatherland. | +===================================+===================================+ | **Activities** | - Non-compliance was illegal | | | | | | *Boys* | | | | | | - Boys practised military | | | drills and learned to handle | | | weapons | | | | | | - They worked on farms in | | | summer | | | | | | - Participated in competitive | | | sports especially boxing | | | | | | - Physical Training | | | | | | *Girls* | | | | | | - Intended to prepare girls to | | | become wives and mothers | | | | | | - Participated in physical | | | activities such as gymnastics | | | | | | - Girls sports were collective, | | | synchronised sports (as | | | opposed to competitive and | | | individual) | | | | | | - Activities were aimed to | | | demonstrate the value of | | | working together | | | | | | - Learned skills such as sewing | | | nursing cooking and household | | | chores | | | | | | - Strong women | | | | | | - Maternal | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Impacts** | - Some boys enjoyed the | | | challenge and competition | | | however others thought the | | | constant focus on war and | | | sacrificing themselves | | | overwhelming and alienating.  | | | | | | - Indoctrinated kids into | | | Hitler's ideology and then | | | sent them off into war | | | | | | - Achieved imposing conformity | | | | | | - Time commitment and regular | | | exposure to NAZI ideology | | | weakened the influences of | | | pro Jewish or anti nazi | | | parents, teachers, religious | | | figures | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **PERSECUTION OF JEWISH PEOPLE DURING WWII** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Ghetto** | - 1930 clear escalation of | | | persecution | | | | | | - Ghettos can be traced to | | | Early Modern Europe and | | | earlier | | | | | | - Jews in Venice were forced to | | | live in the 'Jewish Quarter' | | | | | | - Separated from other people | | | within the population | | | | | | - NAZIs created over 1000 | | | Ghettos as a means of | | | segregating and controlling | | | Jewish ppl | | | | | | - Ghettos run by Jewish council | | | | | | - Groups be Jewish people | | | in charge of the ghettos | | | | | | - Would report back to NAZI | | | party | | | | | | - Did it to protect | | | themselves | | | | | | - Issues of overcrowding, | | | famine and disease | | | | | | - Approx 1 million people died | | | in the Ghettos | | | | | | - Forced labour under terrible | | | conditions | +===================================+===================================+ | **Camps** | - Nazis established over 20,000 | | | camps | | | | | | - These camps included | | | concentration camps, forced | | | labour or work camps and | | | death camps | | | | | | - Most prisoners in early | | | concentration camps were | | | German Communists, | | | Socialists, Social Democrats, | | | Gypsies, Jehovah's Witness | | | and homosexuals | | | | | | - "Concentration Camps": | | | physically concentrated in | | | one location | | | | | | - After Kristallnacht in | | | November 1938 the NAZIs | | | conducted mass arrests of | | | adult male Jews and | | | incarcerated them in camps | | | for brief periods | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Forced labour and prisoner of | - People died of exhaustion, | | war camps** | starvation and exposure to | | | the elements | | | | | | - Nazi military guarded the | | | camps | | | | | | - Camp system expanded rapidly | | | | | | - In some camps Nazi doctors | | | performed medical experiments | | | on prisoners | | | | | | - Inmates kept in terrible | | | conditions with the intention | | | that death was the result | | | | | | - Following the 1941 invasion | | | of Soviet Union (Russia) | | | number of POW camps increased | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Concentration Camps** | - Where people are detained or | | | confined without trial | | | | | | - Prisoners kept in extremely | | | harsh conditions without | | | rights | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Transit camps** | - Temporary holding facility | | | before deportation (final | | | stop before death camps) | | | | | | - Very poor living conditions | | | | | | - - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **The final solution** | - Death rate in extermination | | | camps 3 million | | | | | | - Pre WWII: 11 mil Jews in | | | Europe, Post WWII: 6 million | | | murdered | | | | | | - 1942-1945 | | | | | | - Upon arrival in camps there | | | was the selection - Jews told | | | to go to right or left, one | | | line goes to gas chambers, | | | other to work (not sick, | | | somewhat strong) | | | | | | - Gassed with cyanide and | | | Zyklon B | | | | | | - Mass genocide systematic | | | murder | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Death Marches and Liberation** | - 2 November 1944 | | | | | | - Himmler made order stop | | | killing the Jews and forbade | | | further gassing | | | | | | - Decided they need Jewish ppl | | | for labour now that they are | | | losing the war | | | | | | - Train tracks, weapons | | | | | | - Had to walk from Poland to | | | Germany in winter on foot | | | (they were frail and all | | | died) | | | | | | - Strenuous | | | | | | - Winter | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Nuremburg Trials** | - "justice" | | | | | | - Had to determine laws | | | | | | - International law while | | | also making own decisions | | | about laws | | | | | | - Initially was higherup Nazis | | | but has become lower ranking | | | ones more recently | | | | | | - Individual people asked to | | | defend Nazi soldiers | | | | | | - Survivors gave testimonies | | | | | | - Many Nazis were acquitted | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Timeline of Persecution** | 1.Economic boycott | | | | | | 2.Nuremburg laws | | | | | | 3.Kristelnacht | | | | | | 4.Ghettos | | | | | | 5.Concentration camps | | | | | | 6.Death camps (final solution) | | | | | | 7\. Death Marches | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **UN and the UDHR** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | | - Solves international/global | | | human rights issues | | | | | | - | +===================================+===================================+ | **Formation of the United Nations | - 1944 in Washington DC | | -- role and purpose** | | | | - US, UK, Soviet Union and | | | republic of China | | | | | | - All the victors of war | | | | | | - To ensure global peace and | | | security as an establishment | | | of international organisation | | | | | | - Global body monitoring issues | | | but ultimately protecting the | | | peace and security of all | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Structure of UN** | General Assembly -- Every country | | | annually deliberate and vote on | | | important issues | | | | | | Security council -- 5 permanent | | | members (US, Britain, France, | | | Russia & China) + 10 | | | non-permanent members that rotate | | | every 2 years. Resolutions are | | | binding and are enforced by UN | | | peacekeepers (military forces | | | contributed by member states). | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Nature and significance of the | - ALL people EVERYWHERE have | | UDHR** | the same human rights which | | | no one can take away. | | | | | | - This is the basis of | | | freedom, justice and | | | peace in the world | | | | | | - Governments have a legal | | | obligation to uphold | | | | | | - E.g. Right to life, right to | | | be treated by the law equal, | | | right to fair and public | | | trial | | | | | | - | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ **How to answer diff questions:** Why does this source have the perspective it has? ACCOUNT FOR: GIVE REASONS Nazi Properganda Perspective: Author, What is shown and why "This is an example of Nazi propaganda. The film was made to attempt to distribute the idea that the camps were not killing centres but rather a place for Jewish people to retire in a \"spa town\". They are shown in leisure activities, in non-strenuous work and with happy demeanours. This was not the reality for Jewish prisoners."   "In one scene Jewish men are participating in a game of basketball, attended by the other Jewish prisoners, in what seems to be a happy sporting event."