Histartd Reviewer PDF

HISTARTD REVIEWER LESSON 1: VIsual PreHistory-Invention of Drawing and Writing INVENTION OF DRAWING arrangements. (Example: Lascaux Cave Paintings). PREHISTORY BEGINNINGS 2....

HISTARTD REVIEWER LESSON 1: VIsual PreHistory-Invention of Drawing and Writing INVENTION OF DRAWING arrangements. (Example: Lascaux Cave Paintings). PREHISTORY BEGINNINGS 2. ANCIENT ART (30,000 BC - 400 - Nomadic people in prehistory AD) made use of rocky walls for a. Mesopotamia, Egypt, and painting using natural Greece emphasized elements like charcoal. religious imagery and - Early Examples: The cave art decorative works. in Altamira, Spain (discovered (Example: Code of in 1879) is one of the Hammurabi, 1754 BC). earliest examples, created by 3. MEDIEVAL ART (500 AD - 1400) Homo Neanderthals. a. Dominated by biblical subjects and Gothic FIRST ARTISTS architecture. (Example: - Neanderthals: Considered the Cimabue's Crucifix, earliest known artists. They 1288). painted on cave walls using 4. RENAISSANCE (1400 - 1600) everyday life imagery. a. Focus on human anatomy and realism. (Example: WHERE: FIRST PAINTINGS Michelangelo's David, - Caves: Early humans painted on 1504). the walls and ceilings of 5. MANNERISM (1527 - 1580) caves as part of their a. Distorted figures, shelter. exaggerated perspective. - Oldest Known Art: (Example: Bronzino’s 42,000-year-old paintings Venus, Cupid, Folly, and discovered in the Cave of Time, 1540). Nerja in Spain. 6. BAROQUE (1600 - 1750) - Oldest Cave Painting: a. Richness and grandeur Archaeologists found a with complex details. 45,000-year-old pig painting (Example: Rembrandt's in Sulawesi, Indonesia, which The Night Watch, 1642). is the world’s oldest known artwork. 7. ROCOCO (1699 - 1780) a. Elegance and decorative style. (Example: Watteau's Embarkation for Cythera, 1718). WESTERN ART HISTORY TIMELINE 8. NEOCLASSICISM (1750 - 1850) 1. PREHISTORIC ART (~40,000 - a. Inspired by classical 4,000 BC) antiquity. (Example: a. Rock carvings, cave David’s Napoleon paintings, and stone Crossing the Alps, 1801). 9. ROMANTICISM (1780 - 1850) a. Emotion and dramatic 18.MINIMALISM (1960s - 1970s) depictions. (Example: a. Focus on simple forms Goya's The Third of May, and content. (Example: 1808). Frank Stella's Black 10.REALISM (1848 - 1900) Series, 1967). a. Focus on ordinary life. 19.CONTEMPORARY ART (1970s - (Example: Millet's The Present) Gleaners, 1857). a. Explores identity, 11.IMPRESSIONISM (1865 - 1885) society, and new media a. Visible brushstrokes and (Example: Jeff Koons' light effects. (Example: Michael Jackson and Monet's Impression, Bubbles, 1988). Sunrise, 1872). 12.POST-IMPRESSIONISM (1885 - INVENTION OF WRITING 1910) 1. 3500 BC: Sumerians of a. Abstract elements, bold Mesopotamia invented the first colors. (Example: Van writing system, cuneiform, for Gogh's The Starry Night, administrative and arithmetic 1889). purposes. 13.CUBISM (1907 - 1914) 2. 1000 BC: First Greek writing a. Geometric shapes, emerged. fragmented perspective. 3. 7th Century BC: The earliest (Example: Picasso's Latin writing appeared. Guernica, 1937). 4. 2nd Century BC: Invention of 14.SURREALISM (1917 - 1950) parchment as a writing a. Dreamlike and material. subconscious themes. 5. 4th Century AD: Codex writing (Example: Dalí's The (bound books) and Arabic Persistence of Memory, writing began. 1931). 6. 1436 AD: Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, 15.ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM (1940s revolutionizing writing and - 1960s) books. a. Spontaneity and 7. 1867 AD: Christopher Sholes large-scale works. invented the typewriter, (Example: Pollock's further transforming writing. Autumn Rhythm, 1950). 8. 1827 AD: The invention of the 16.OP ART (1960s) pen made writing more a. Use of optical illusions accessible. and visual effects. 9. 1971 AD: Digital writing was (Example: Bridget born, marking a new era in Riley's Blaze, 1964). text production. 10.1992 AD - Present: Text 17.POP ART (1950s - 1980s) messaging became a widely used a. Bold use of everyday form of writing. objects. (Example: Warhol’s Campbell's Soup Cans, 1962).  HISTARTD REVIEWER LESSON 2: MEDIEVAL PERIOD ○ Religious MEDIEVAL PERIOD Themes/Sceneries ○ Abstracted Figures Came from the Latin word medi ○ Lack of Depth or medium meaning “middle” and ev or aevum meaning “age” People also believed that the ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT Middle Ages were also the “Age of Faith” because of the rise MANUSCRIPT: From Latin manus of Christianity (hand) and scriptus (writing), Some also call it the “Dark meaning "written by hand." Ages” because of the fall of ILLUMINATED: From Latin the Roman Empire illuminare meaning "lighted up," often using gold leaf to decorate. PURPOSE OF ART APPEARANCE: Made with gold/silver, vibrant colors, During the Medieval Period, intricate designs, and small most arts were created for painted scenes (miniatures). religious purposes (from Served as illustrated guides paintings to sculptures of for readers, many of whom were Jesus and Christian saints for illiterate. people to worship). MATERIALS AND PROCESS MATERIALS: ROMANESQUE ART ○ Written on vellum (calf The term Romanesque refers to skin) or parchment the fusion of Roman, (sheep/goat skin). Carolingan, Ottonian, ○ Gold leaf applied for Byzantine, and local Germanic gilding; paints made traditions: from pigments and ○ Architecture binders. ○ Sculpture CREATION: ○ Painting ○ Scribes used quill pens, GOTHIC ART: Attempted to show carefully marked more realistic depictions of margins, and ruled lines human characteristics in their for text. environments ○ Illuminators added ARCHITECTURE: Compromises decorations after rounded arches, string walls, scribes finished. massive proportions, ○ Pages were sewn together starkness, and sturdiness. It and bound between wood Emphasizes on: or leather covers. HISTORY AND PURPOSE 4. THE MISSAL: A liturgical TIMELINE: Produced between service book used by priests 1100 and 1600. to conduct Masses. EARLY CREATORS: 5. THE BREVIARY: A religious ○ Monks in monasteries calendar that was used by were the primary monks and laymen for prayer. creators, copying 6. CAROLINGIAN MANUSCRIPTS: religious texts. Full-page miniatures and ○ Universities and the treasure binding (e.g., Drogo middle class increased Sacramentary). demand, leading to 7. ROMANESQUE MANUSCRIPTS: Bold, commercial production in stylized features, with vivid cities. color schemes. TRANSITION: Declined after the 8. GOTHIC MANUSCRIPTS: invention of the printing Naturalism, gold leaf, and press (1450s). expressive details. CULTURAL IMPACT: 9. INTERNATIONAL GOTHIC: ○ Illuminated manuscripts Marginalia depicting daily helped spread ideas life, satire, and humor. across regions and 10.HUMANIST: Classical influences influenced art. with foliated initials and ○ It was used as a visual acanthus borders. tool for church services or to support the daily CONSERVATION OF THE MANUSCRIPTS devotions of monks, Manuscripts are stored in nuns, and laymen protective environments to ensure their preservation. TYPES OF ILLUMINATED SCRIPTS Conservators re-adhere paint flakes using microscopes and 1. INSULAR MANUSCRIPTS: Known for detailed documentation. interlacing, Celtic knots, and zoomorphic motifs (e.g., Book FUN FACTS of Kells). BOOK OF HOURS: Small prayer 2. THE ANTIPHONER: a daily books used for private religious music volume. Owned devotion, often personalized by churches and monasteries. with illustrations. 3. THE PSALTER: contained USAGE: Manuscripts were not devotional texts like Psalms only religious; they also and prayers for the morning covered topics like and evening prayers. literature, astronomy, and botany. RENAISSANCE ART RENAISSANCE PERIOD TIMELINE Shift in Focus: Transitioned 1. Proto-Renaissance (late from religious themes dominant 13th–early 14th century): in the Middle Ages to realism ○ Early attempts at and humanism. realism and human Key Factors: emotion in art (Giotto, ○ The rise of a wealthy Cimabue). middle class who ○ Interrupted by plague commissioned art. and civil war. ○ Artists began to depict 2. Early Renaissance (1401–1490): human emotions, ○ Wealthy families like landscapes, and everyday the Medicis sponsored life. artists. ○ Religious imagery (e.g., ○ Focus on realism, depth, Madonna) was still and incorporating popular but often landscapes into blended with secular religious scenes themes. (Masaccio, Botticelli). Characteristics: Use of depth, 3. High Renaissance (1490s–1527): naturalism, and perspective to ○ Masterpieces by Da create realistic images. Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. WHAT IS THE RENAISSANCE? ○ Perfected techniques like perspective and Definition: means “rebirth” in anatomy. French. The Renaissance was a 4. Late Renaissance and Mannerism period of cultural rebirth in (post-1527): Europe, marked by a renewed ○ More elaborate and interest in classical exaggerated forms, education and Greco-Roman moving toward the ideals. Baroque style. Timeline: It followed the Middle Ages, starting in the late 14th century in Italy, peaking in the 15th and 16th RENAISSANCE ART TECHNIQUES centuries, and spreading across Europe. 1. Chiaroscuro: Use of light and Key Aspects: shadow to create ○ Rise of classical three-dimensional effects. knowledge and humanism. 2. Anatomy: Use of live models to ○ New technologies like accurately depict the human the printing press and form. scientific discoveries. 3. Linear Perspective: Geometric ○ Flourishing of art and methods to show depth literature. (vanishing points). Famous Artists: Leonardo da 4. Diminishing Scale: Objects Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael. farther away appear smaller. 5. Atmospheric Perspective: Distant objects painted with  lighter colors to create sponsored artists of Florence, depth. Italy. 6. Sfumato: Blurring of edges to mimic natural human vision (famous in Da Vinci’s work). KEY RENAISSANCE ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE ART COSIMO DE MEDICI (SPONSORED ARTISTS): Realism and Naturalism: ○ Lorenzo Ghiberti: Artists strived to depict the Gates of Paradise human form and nature ○ Flipppo Brunelleschi: accurately. The Keys of Secular Themes: While Delivery to St. religious themes were still Peter present, secular subjects ○ Donatello: gained popularity. St. George Perspective: Mastery of ○ Fra Angelico: techniques like linear and Annunciation atmospheric perspective added LORENZO DE MEDICI (SPONSORED depth to paintings. ARTISTS): Frescoes: Popular during the ○ Leonardo da Vinci: time, known for vibrant colors Mona Lisa, The on wet plaster. Last Supper. ○ Michelangelo: Statue of David, The Creation of POPULAR ART FORM Adam. ○ Sandro Botticelli: Sculptures: Prominent works The Birth of include Michelangelo’s Venus. "David." Decorative Arts: Ornate and detailed creations. Oil Paintings: Portraits and THE PRINTING PRESS still life that emphasized humanism and realism. Johannes Gutenbenberg: Music: Styles included the Inventor of the Printing German Lied, Italian Madrigal, Press. and French Chanson. Invention:While movable type originated in China, Europe was the first to mechanize the THE MEDICI FAMILY process, with Gutenberg's House of Medici was a wealthy press making it famous. political dynasty that ruled Impact: Revolutionized Florence education, increased literacy, Patronages of the arts and and spread ideas quickly humanities, and greatly across Europe. ORIGIN OF EUROPEAN TYPOGRAPHY ○ Improved infrastructure and communication. Development: Gutenberg’s Arts and Crafts Movement: invention of movable type ○ Late 19th-century around 1450 revolutionized response to printing. industrialization. Typography: Allowed mass ○ Advocated handcrafted production of books, spreading goods and traditional knowledge and increasing methods, emphasizing literacy. individual creativity Impact: Gutenberg’s Bible was (Blake, 1993). the first major book printed, marking a shift in how information was disseminated. Fonts: II. Overview of the Industrial ○ Blackletter (Gothic): Revolution Thick vertical lines and diagonal connectors Timeline (1760-1840): ○ Roman Script (Antiqua): ○ Late 18th Century: Began Characterized by in Britain, driven by straight lines and population growth and regular curves resources (Griffin, ○ Italic: used to mimic 2014). handwriting and fit more ○ Early 19th Century: letters on a page for Factories central to lesser printing costs. economy, leading to vibrant cities (Stearns, 2013). Key Innovations: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ○ Steam Engine: Provided reliable energy (James Definition: Watt, Mokyr, 1990). ○ Late 18th century, ○ Spinning Jenny: primarily in Britain. Increased textile ○ Transition from rural to production (James urban, introducing Hargreaves, Griffin, factories, machinery, 2014). and innovations like the ○ Power Loom: Mechanized steam engine (Ashton, weaving (Edmund 1948). Cartwright, Mokyr, Importance: 1990). ○ Urbanization: People Impact on Society: migrated to cities, ○ Urbanization: Mass creating new social migration led to classes and consumer overcrowding and new culture. urban cultures (Stearns, ○ Influenced international 2013). trade and established ○ Labor Changes: Shift to the capitalist system factory work often (Stearns, 2013). involved harsh  conditions (Griffin, 2014). IV. Relationship Between the Two ○ Economic Growth: Movements Revolutionized markets and banking (Mokyr, Response to Industrialization: 1990). ○ Arts and Crafts Movement addressed poor living conditions and disconnection from III. The Arts and Crafts Movement production (Blake, 1993). Origins (1860s-1910s): Critique of Mass Production: ○ Emerged as a reaction to ○ Criticized exploitative industrialization, labor practices in valuing craftsmanship factories, promoting (Blake, 1993). dignity in work ○ Key Figures: William (Goncharova, 2010). Morris (advocated beauty Lasting Legacy: of handcrafted goods) ○ Modern design emphasizes and John Ruskin sustainability and (importance of art in quality over quantity daily life, Goncharova, (Mokyr, 1990). 2010). Principles and Philosophy: ○ Emphasis on craftsmanship: Valued handmade over mass-produced (Blake, 1993). ○ Rejection of mass production: Advocated ethical and sustainable methods (Goncharova, 2010). Influence on Design: ○ Furniture/Textiles: Simple, elegant designs highlighting natural materials (Blake, 1993). ○ Architecture: Practical, beautiful spaces reflecting authenticity (Goncharova, 2010). ART NOUVEAU ○ Exhibition societies helped define the Definition movement’s identity Name Origin: The term "Art Key Elements Depicted Nouveau" comes from the French word "nouveau," meaning "new." Leaves, flowers, vines, Era: Flourished from the 1890s insects, animals, and other until World War I, primarily organic motifs. in Western Europe and the U.S. Flowing, winding lines, Transition: A reaction against mimicking organic curves the cluttered Victorian era (vines, flowers, etc. and influenced by the Resembled photographs, popularity of Ukiyo-e in embracing a sense or realism Paris. and a connection to the present. Characteristics Explored themes of beauty in the mundane, elevating Inspiration: Medieval designs ordinary objects and scenes & Techniques, Nature; features through intricate patterns. sinuous, sculptural, and organic shapes, everyday life and the natural world Design Elements: INTRODUCTION TO ARTS & CRAFTS ○ Curving lines The Arts & Crafts movement Hair dominated Britain from 1860 Clothing folds ○ Fluidity of lines to 1915. ○ Geometric shapes Advocated for traditional ○ Asymmetrical craftsmanship over mass compositions ○ Bold integration of industrial production structure and decoration Emphasized the importance ○ Arches of design, handiwork, and ○ Sensual ornamentation the beauty of everyday objects. Color Palette: ○ Light, neutral colors NOTABLE ARTISTS AND THEIR WORK ○ Achieves a psychedelic effect William Morris: associated ○ Earthy colors with the British Arts and Impact: Crafts Movement. Known for ○ Arts & crafts societies “The Red House”, which provided a platform for is considered to be discussions on the 1st Arts and implementations and Crafts improving lives  Arthur Mackmurdo: founder of Viollet-le-Duc and John one of the most prominent- out Ruskin of several- groups of the Linked to Post time, ‘the Century Guild’ Impressionism & Symbolism ○ (basically sya yung nagpa uso ng mga curved shit sa mga furniture i think HAHAHHA) Charles Robert Ashbee: Ashbee founded 3 foundations: ○ The School of Handicraft (1887) ○ The Guild of Handicraft (1888) ○ The School of Arts & Crafts (1904) (guy who made utensils with exaggerated handles lol) Alphonse Mucha: Known for "Monaco Monte Carlo" and "Gismonda." Gustav Klimt: Famous for "The Kiss." Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec: Renowned for "At the Moulin Rouge, the Dance." Jules Cherét: Created "L'Amant des Danseuses, Roman Moderniste." Toshusai Sharaku: Notable for "The Actor Ichikawa Ebizo II as Takemura Sadanoshin." INTRODUCTION TO ART NOUVEAU I. Background Aimed to establish a new artistic style Influenced by art theorists like Eugene-Emmanuel  ○ Features bizarre and abstract visuals. 3. Abstract Expressionism ○ Emphasizes randomness and spontaneity in art. ○ Utilizes strong, unconventional colors MODERNIST ERA and bold brush strokes. 4. Fauvism ○ Known for vibrant colors Definition and painterly qualities. ○ Focuses on emotional Timeframe: Late 19th to early expression through 20th century. color. Origins: Emerged due to secularization and Notable Artists and Works advancements in science and technology. Pablo Picasso (Cubism): Philosophy: Rejects Guernica (1937), Les traditional ideas, favoring Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) experimentation and Salvador Dalí (Surrealism): innovation. The Persistence of Memory (1931), Metamorphosis of Characteristics Narcissus (1937) Jackson Pollock (Abstract Rejection of Tradition: Expressionism): No. 5 (1948) Focuses on pushing the Henri Matisse (Fauvism): Le boundaries of art beyond past Bonheur de vivre (1906), The conventions. Green Stripe (1905) Core Concepts: ○ Individualism Common Themes in Modernist Art ○ Experimentation ○ Symbolism Challenging Tradition: Artists ○ Absurdity aim to explore the potential ○ Formalism of humanity in art, distancing from religious or royal Art Styles of the Modernist Era influences. Emotional Depth: Despite their 1. Cubism absurdity, these styles tap ○ Combines different into human emotions and perspectives of a experiences. subject into one abstract figure. ○ Characterized by fragmentation. 2. Surrealism ○ Explores the subconscious mind with dreamlike imagery. PICTORIAL MODERNISM Harper's Magazine (1895) Definition Don Quixote (1895) Purpose: Art aimed at the general public to communicate Famous Posters political messages, often “I Want YOU for the US Army” through posters. by James Montgomery Flagg Influences: Merged aspects of (1917) Cubism and Constructivism. “Daddy, What Did You Do in the Great War?” by John Lumley Origins (1915) “There's Room for You. Enlist Founders: Began in the 1890s Today.” by William Arthur by William Nicholson and James (1915) Pryde, known collectively as Beggarstaff. Techniques: Utilized collage and stenciling to create impactful designs. Notable Works