Health Care System PDF

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIS Lesson 2: Health Care System TOPIC OUTLINE 1. Alma Ata Declaration 2. Health Care Delivery System 3. Determinants of Health 4. Goals and Functions 5. Primary Health Care 6. Shortcoming of the Health Care Delivery...

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HIS Lesson 2: Health Care System TOPIC OUTLINE 1. Alma Ata Declaration 2. Health Care Delivery System 3. Determinants of Health 4. Goals and Functions 5. Primary Health Care 6. Shortcoming of the Health Care Delivery HIS  Important Concepts Alma Ata Declaration Primary Health Concept Health and Development HIS ALMA ATA DECLARATION 1977, World Health Assembly HIS  Alma Ata Declaration (1977) “Health is a fundamental human right and that the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important world- wide social goal whose realization requires the action of many other social and economic sectors in addition to the health sector” HIS  ALMA Ata Declaration The existing gross inequality in the health status of the people particularly between developed and developing countries as well as within countries is politically, socially and economically unacceptable and is, therefore, of common concern to all countries. HIS  ALMA Ata Declaration The promotion and protection of the health of the people is essential to sustained economic and social development and contributes to a better quality of life and to world peace. HIS  “Health is a key element of human rights and social justice.”  What are the implication of these concepts? Who should be finally responsible for health care? What is the concept of Equity ? What is the relationship of health and development? HIS  Alma Ata Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures. HIS  Philippine Health Budget 3.4 per cent of the GDP , – lower than the prescribed 5 % by WHO – Lower than Japan, India , (more than 6 %) – Lower than Vietnam ( 5%) Government expenditure for Health is 30 per cent lower than half of Asian Countries HIS HIS  What we have taken up so far? Alma Ata Declaration – Health is a human right – The responsibility mainly of the government – Not the responsibility of the health sector alone – That any form of health inequity is not acceptable HIS  Amartya Sen Nobel-prize winner economist Even when the economy is poor, major health achievements can be achieved by using resources in a socially productive way. HIS  Definition of Health Care System Definition of Health Care System “the combination of resources, organization, financing and management that culminate in the delivery of health services to the population.” In World Health Organization Report in 2000, health system was defined as “all the organizations, institutions and resources that are devoted to producing health actions.” HIS  Health Care Delivery System A health system consists of all organizations, people and actions whose primary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health HIS  What is a health system This includes efforts to influence determinants of health as well as more direct health- improving activities. A health system is therefore more than the pyramid of publicly owned facilities that deliver personal health services. HIS DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Definition of Health Care System HIS  Goals Goalsand andFunction Functionof ofHealth Health System System 3 main goals for health systems: 1. Improving the health of populations 2. Improving the responsiveness of the health system to the population it serves. 3. Fairness in financial contribution. HIS MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT Definition of Health GOALS (MDG) Care System September 2000, 189 leaders signed the historic “Millennium declaration” Target date: 2015 HIS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG) Definition of Health Rio+20 Conference (June 2012) Care System Global Development Agenda 2015-2030 HIS  Four Four(4) (4)Vital VitalHealth HealthSystem System Functions Functions 1. Health Service Provision 2. Health Service Inputs 3. Stewardship 4. Health Financing HIS WHOWHO Health Health System System Framework Framework  Service delivery Goodhealth services are those which deliver effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions to those who need them, when and where needed, with minimum waste of resources HIS  Workforce A well-performing health workforce is one which works in ways that are responsive, fair and efficient to achieve the best health outcomes possible, given available resources and circumstances. There are – sufficient numbers and mix of staff, fairly distributed; – they are competent, responsive and productive. HIS  Health information system A well-functioning health information system is one that ensures the (1)production, (2) analysis, (3)dissemination and use of reliable and timely information on health determinants, health systems performance and health status. HIS  Medical Products A well-functioning health system ensures equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy and cost effectiveness, and their scientifically sound and cost-effective use. HIS  Financing system A good health financing system raises adequate funds for health, in ways that ensure people can use needed services, and areprotected from financial catastrophe or impoverishment associated with having to pay for them. HIS  Leadership and governance Leadership and governance involves ensuring strategic policy frameworks exist and are combined with effective oversight, coalition- building, the provision of appropriate regulations and incentives, attention to system-design, and accountability HIS Five Common Short Coming of Health Care Delivery 1. Inverse Care: People with the most means, whose needs are less often consume care the most. Those with the least means, with the greatest problems consume care the least. 2. Impoverishing care: (to deprive) Wherever people lack social protection and payment for care is largely out of the pocket at the point of service. They can be confronted with catastropic expenses. HIS Five Common Short Coming of Health Care Delivery 3. Fragmented and fragmenting care: – excessive specialization – Narrow focus on disease control – Health Care for the poor and marginalized Highly fragmented Severely under resources – Development AID often aids in fragmentation HIS Five Common Short Coming of Health Care Delivery 4. Unsafe care Poor systems design is unable to ensure safety and hygiene standards leads to high rates of hospital acquired infections, medication errors and other avoidable adverse errors 5. Misdirected care Resource allocation cluster around curative services at great cost, neglecting the potential of primary prevention and health promotion HIS