Philippine Health Care Delivery System PDF

CHN LECTURE WEEK 1 TOPIC I. THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Discuss how the World Health Organization affects health issues in the Philippines 2. Describe the Philippine He...

CHN LECTURE WEEK 1 TOPIC I. THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 1. Discuss how the World Health Organization affects health issues in the Philippines 2. Describe the Philippine Health Care Delivery System as to its components and sectors 3. Determine the factors that influence the health care delivery system 4. Critiquing the Philippine health care delivery system in terms of the different levels of services 5. Compare the Health care delivery system between health system, health care system 6. Monitor how the health care delivery system paradigm helps the health condition of the people 7. Link the pyramid to achieve our country’s vision, mission and goal 8. Review how the WHO affects health issues in the Philippines 9. Integrating the Millennium Development Goals and the targets of the health related MDG’s in the health care delivery system 10. Validate the Sustainable Development Goals and its effect on the people HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM -A nation’s health care delivery system has a tremendous impact not only on the health of its people but also on their total development, including their socioeconomic status. A discussion of the health care delivery system often involves issues of cost and challenges. Nations go through a struggle to overcome multiple forces in efforts to advance the nation’s health within the context of their financial and political situations. - Anderson and Mc Earlane (2011) emphasized the role of the following factors in shaping 21st century health that further influence health care delivery system: FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM 1. Health care reforms 2. Demographics 3. Globalization 4. Poverty and growing disparities 5. Social disintegration The health care delivery system in the Philippines beginning with the WHO as this specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) provides global leadership on health matters. In the Philippines, health services are provided by the: A. Government  B. Private sector- for profit and nonprofit agencies. With the latter frequently referred to as non-governmental organizations or NGOs. On the National level, direction is set by the Department of Health (DOH). By virtue of the mandate of the local Government Code (R.A. 7160), local government units (LGUs) should have an operating mechanism to meet the priority needs and service requirements of their communities. Basic health services are regarded as priority services, for which LGUs are primarily responsible. Health System Consist of all organizations, people, and actions whose primarily intent is to promote, restore, or maintain health. HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM: It is the totality of all policies, infrastructures, facilities, equipment, products, human resources, and services that addresses the health needs, problems and concerns of all people. Health Care System – an organized plan health services (Miller_Keane, 1987). Health Care Delivery – rendering health care services to the people. Health Care Delivery System (Williams-Tungpalan, 1981) – the network of health facilities and personnel, which carries out the task of rendering health care to the people. Philippine Health Care System – is a complex of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services (Dizon, 1977) Health System has 6 building blocks or components 1. Service Delivery 2. Health workforce 3. Information 4. Medical products, vaccines, and technologies 5. Financing 6. Leadership and governance or stewardship The nurse is an essential member of the health workforce in the country. For all the nurse to work efficiently within the health care delivery system, an understanding of the dynamic relationships among its components is needed. Components and Sectors of the Health Care Delivery System Services is divided into 2 sectors: a. Public b. Private Public Sector consists of: 1. National Government Agencies, the Department of Health is mandated as the lead agency for health. It has a regional office in every region and maintains specialty hospitals, regional hospitals and medical centers. It also maintains provincial health teams made up of health teams made up of DOH representatives to the local health boards and personnel  involved in communicable disease control , specifically for malaria and schistosomiasis. 2. Local Government Agencies Private sector is largely financed through a tax based budgeting system at both national and local levels. In here, health care is generally given free at the point of service. Socialized user fees have been introduced in recent years for certain types of services. Financing of health services is provided by three major groups: A. Government (national and local) B. Private sources C. Social health insurance The National Health Insurance Act of 1995 (R.A. 7875) created the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (Phil Health). It is a tax-exempt government corporation attached to the DOH for policy coordination and guidance, and aims for universal health coverage of all Filipino citizen. -In the Philippines health care system is complex set of organizations interacting to provide an array of health services. (www.freewebs.com/.../...). Components of the Health Care Delivery System as mandate of the Department of Health (DOH) is to be responsible for the following: 1.formulation and development of national health policies, guidelines, standards 2.manual of operations for health services and programs; 3. issuance of rules and regulations, licenses and accreditations; 4.promulgation of national health standards, goals, priorities and indicators; 5.development of special health programs and projects and advocacy for legislation on health policies and programs. A. Paradigm National - Tertiary Health Services Medical Centers Regional Health Services - Secondary Regional Medical Provincial / City Health Services Provincial / City Hospitals - Primary Emergency / District Hospitals Rural Health Unit Community Hospitals and Health Centers Private Practitioners / Puericulture Center Barangay Health Station FIGURE 1. THE PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM (Community Health Nursing Services in the Philippine Department of Health, 2000) The pyramid is a graphic representation of our country’s vision and goal to achieve Health for all Filipinos and Health in the Hands of the People by the year 2020, with the mission to ensure accessibility and quality of life of all Filipinos, especially the poor. THE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM A. WHO - World Health Organization The WHO constitution came into force on April 7,1948. So April 7 has been celebrated each year as World Health Organization Day. The headquarters is in Geneva, Switzerland. The Philippine is a member of the Western Pacific Region which holds office in Manila. -The DOH serves as the main governing body of health services in the country. -The DOH provides guidance and technical assistance to LGUs through the Center for Health Development in each of the 17 regions. -Provincial government is responsible for administration of provincial and strict hospitals. -Municipal and city governments are in charge of primary care through rural health units (RHUs) or health centers. -Satellite outposts known as barangay health stations (BHSs) provide health services in the periphery of the municipality or city. -As mentioned earlier, the Local Government Code mandated the devolution or decentralization of basic health services. -This means that LGUs have the autonomy and responsibility to plan and implement basic health services (primary care) on behalf of their constituents. -This is a mandate for LGUs Depending on the capability and political will of the municipality /city government, higher levels of services may be provided. -Thus, it is possible for a city or municipality to administer a secondary or even a tertiary hospital. For example: Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center is tertiary hospitals, is funded by the city government of Mani -This sector provides all levels of services and accounts for a large segment of health service providers in the country. -About 30% of Filipinos utilize private health facilities. -An estimated 60% of the national health expenditure goes to the private sectors. -This sector also employs more than 70% of the health professionals in the Philippines (Romualdez, 2011) Specialized agency of the United Nation provides global leadership on health matters. -The WHO constitution came into force on April 7, 1948. Since then, April 7 has been celebrated each year as -World Health Day (WHO, 2013a). With its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, WHO has 147 country offices and 6 world regional offices for Africa, the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. -The Philippines is a member of the Western Pacific Region, which holds office in Manila (WHO, 2007b). -The WHO constitution states that its objective is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health (WHO, 2006). Core Functions: 1. Providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed. 2. Shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and disseminating valuable knowledge WHO strategy on research has 5 goals; 1.Capacity in reference to capacity building to strengthen national health research systems 2.Priorities to focus research on priority health needs particularly in low-and middle income countries 3.Standards to promote good research practice and enable the greater sharing of research evidence tools, and materials 4. Translation to ensure that quality evidence is turned into products and policy 5.Organization to strengthen the research culture within WHO and improve the management and coordination of WHO research activities 3. Setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implemnetations. 4. Articulating ethical and evidence based policy options. 5. Proving technical support, catalyzing change, and building sustainable institutional capacity In the past decade, WHO has worked as a partner of the Philippine DOH in the development and provision of services towards the attainment of health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). 1. THE MILLENEUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS September 6-8, 2000- Millennium Summit. World leaders in the UN assembly participated. United Nations Millennium Declaration. The world leaders recognized their collective responsibility to uphold the principles of human dignity, equality, and equity at the global level. The declaration expressed the commitment of the member states is to reduce poverty and achieve the 7 other targets. Now called Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by the year 2015. MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 2. Achieve universal primary education 3. Promote gender equality and empower women 4. Reduce child mortality 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AID, malaria and other diseases 7. Ensure environmental sustainability 8. Develop a global partnership for development 2. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS -Known as the Global Goals are a universal are a collection of 17 global goals set by the United Nations Assembly in 2015 for the year 2030. The SDGs are part of Resolution 701 of the United Nations General Assembly -They are the blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all. They address the global challenges we face, including those related to poverty, inequality, climate, environmental degradation, prosperity, and peace and justice. -The goals interconnect and in order to leave no one behind, it is important that we achieved each goal and target by 2030  17 GLOBAL GOALS (SUSTANAINABLE GOALS) 1. No poverty-end poverty in all its forms everywhere 2. Zero hunger-food security n improved nutrition 1 3. Good health and well being 7 4. Quality Education 5. Gender equality 6. Clear water and sanitation 7. Affordable and Clean energy 8. Decent Work and economic growth 9. Industry, Innovation, and infrastructure 10. Reduces inequalities 11. Sustainable cities and communities 12. Responsible consumption and production 13. Climate action 14. Life below water 15. Life on land 16. Peace justice and strong institution 17. Partnership for the goals PREPARED BY: MMSANTOS 2024