HCI-Module-2 (Design Process) PDF

THE DESIGN PROCESS Module 2 Human Computer Interaction HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN (HCD) ‘DESIGNING FOR PEOPLE’ Is a design framework that develops solutions to problems by involving the human perspective in all steps of the problem solving process. (Wikipedia) Is the process of ensuring that...

THE DESIGN PROCESS Module 2 Human Computer Interaction HUMAN CENTERED DESIGN (HCD) ‘DESIGNING FOR PEOPLE’ Is a design framework that develops solutions to problems by involving the human perspective in all steps of the problem solving process. (Wikipedia) Is the process of ensuring that people’s needs are met, that the resulting product is understandable and usable, that it accomplishes the desired tasks, and that the experience of use is positive and enjoyable. (Norman, The design of everyday things) 2 UI vs UX User Interface (UI) – anything a user may interact with to use a digital product or service. User Experience (UX) is the process of planning the experience a person has when they interact with a product. 3 INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS (IxD) The Interaction Design (IxD) process is what designers use to create solutions centered on users’ needs, aims and behavior when interacting with products. Interaction design can be applied to the Internet of 4 Things (IOT). INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS (IxD) The designer does not begin with some preconceived idea. Rather, the idea is the result of careful study and observation, and the design a product of that idea. -Paul Rand, famous graphic designer and art director 4  INTERACTION DESIGN PROCESS (IxD) The IxD process involves 5 stages: 1. discovering what users need/want 2. analyzing that 3. designing a potential solution 4. prototyping it 5. implementing and 4 deploying it. 1. Find the users’ needs/wants—It’s easy to assume you know what users want/need and their relevant contexts. Discover their real requirements: Observe people. Interview people. Examine existing solutions—while remembering it’s hard to envisage future needs, technologies, etc. 2. Do analysis to sort and order your findings so they make sense. This may be through a: Narrative/story of how someone uses a system. Task analysis, breaking down a user’s steps/sub-steps. 7 3. Design a potential solution according to design guidelines and fundamental design principles (e.g., giving appropriate feedback for users’ actions). 4. Start prototyping— Give users an idea of what the product will look like and let them test it, and/or give it to experts to evaluate its effectiveness 5. Implement and deploy what you have built. 8 Four basic activities of interaction design 1.Identifying needs and establishing requirements 2.Developing alternative designs Conceptual design: produce the conceptual model for the product, e.g., what the product should do, behave and look like Physical design: consider detail of the product including the colors, sounds, images to use, menu design, icon design, etc. 9 Four basic activities of interaction design 3. Building interactive versions of the designs 4. Evaluating designs 10 Three principles for user- centered approach 1. Early focus on users and tasks First understand the users by studying their cognitive, behavioral and attitudinal characteristics Require observing users doing their normal tasks, studying the nature of those tasks, and then involving users in the design process Can be expanded and clarified further: Users’ tasks and goals are the driving force behind the development Users’ behaviour and context of use are studied and the system is designed to support them 11 Three principles for user- centered approach Users’ characteristics are captured and designed for All design decisions are taken within the context of the users, their work, and their environment Users are consulted throughout development from earliest phases to the latest and their input is seriously taken into account 2. Empirical Measurement Users’ reactions & performance to manuals, simulations, prototypes, etc. are observed, recorded & analysed Identify, document and agree specific usability and user experience goals at the beginning of the project Help designers to choose between different alternative 12 designs & to check on progress as the product is Three principles for user- centered approach 3. Iterative Design When problems are found in user testing, fix them and carry out more tests 13 Example Assume that you are involved in developing an new e- commerce site for selling garden plants. Suggest ways of applying the principle of “Early focus on users and tasks”.  Tasks and goals, behaviors, and characteristics of potential users can be identified by investigating how people shop in existing online and physical shopping situations. For example in physical shops, we can know how people choose plants, what criteria are important, their buying habits, etc. While in existing online shops, we can determine the contexts of use for the new site. We can recruit people we believe to be representative of the 14 user group and ask them to evaluate the new site during its development