Hazards, Exposure, and Vulnerability PDF

Hazards, exposure and vulnerability  learning targets Define hazards Give examples of the types of hazards Determine the elements that are exposed to a particular hazard Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vu...

Hazards, exposure and vulnerability  learning targets Define hazards Give examples of the types of hazards Determine the elements that are exposed to a particular hazard Recognize vulnerabilities of different elements exposed to specific hazards Differentiate among hazards, exposure, and vulnerabilities and give examples from actual situations Explain the impact of various hazards on different exposed elements conduct hazard hunts of exposed elements and propose corresponding corrective actions for one’s preparedness  hazards - the threat that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.  Types of Hazards NATURAL HUMAN INDUCED GEOLOGICAL BIOLOGICAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL TECHNOLOGICAL SOCIO- NATURAL  EXAMPLES GEOLOGIC HYDROMETE BIOLOGICAL TECHNOL SOCIO- AL OROLICAL OGICAL NATURAL Chemical soil erosion Earthquake Flooding Bacteria spills Flooding s Typhoon Viruses Explosions in Landslides Landslides Hurricanes Allergens chemical ( deforestation) Volcanic Droughts plants, drought Activity Heatwaves refineries, or Tsunams Storm surge manufacturi ng facilities Chemical Spills: Soil Erosion elements exposed to a hazard and its impacts PEOPLE BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES NATURAL ENVIRONMENT CULTURAL HERITAGE SOCIAL SYSTEMS LIVELIHOODS PUBLIC SERVICES  PEOPLE Population: Individuals living or working in the hazard-prone area, including specific vulnerable groups such as children, elderly, and people with disabilities. Communities: Social groups, including neighborhoods and entire communities that could be impacted by the hazard.  BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURES Residential Structures Commercial and Industrial Buildings Critical Infrastructures ( school, hospital, power plants, communication networks ) Transportation Networks ( roads, railways, airports, etc.) Utilities ( water supply , electricity supply , gas pipelines )  economic activities Agriculture (Crops, livestock can be damaged by hazards like floods, droughts etc.) Businesses and Industries ( operational disruptions, financial losses ) Tourism (Areas reliant on tourism that can be affected by hazards, leading to reduced income and job losses.)  natural environment Ecosystems ( Forests, wetlands, rivers, and coastal areas that can be damaged or degraded, leading to loss of biodiversity Wildlife ( may be displaced, injured, or killed by natural or human-induced hazards. Water Resources (lakes, rivers, and groundwater that can be contaminated or depleted due to hazardous events like pollution,  cultural heritage Historical Sites and Monuments ( Heritage buildings, archaeological sites, and monuments that represent cultural and historical values and can be damaged or destroyed Cultural Practices: Traditions, festivals, and practices that might be disrupted or lost due to displacement or environmental changes.  social system Healthcare ( The health of the population and the ability of healthcare systems to respond to injuries, diseases, or stress caused by hazards) Education ( Schools and educational systems that can be disrupted, affecting learning and development) Governance: The functioning of government institutions and the ability to maintain law and order, provide services, and manage disaster response)  livelihoods Employment ( Jobs and income sources that can be lost or severely impacted, leading to economic hardship and poverty) Agriculture and Fisheries: Livelihoods dependent on natural resources that can be disrupted by environmental changes or disasters.  public services Emergency Services: Firefighters, police, medical responders, and other emergency personnel and services that may be overwhelmed or unable to operate effectively during a disaster. Social Services: Programs that provide support to vulnerable populations, which may be strained or disrupted during and after a hazard.  exposure refers to the total value of elements at risk. expressed as the number of human lives and the value of the properties that can potentially be affected economic and social commission for asia and the pacific ( escap) Addresses the growing rate of exposure and vulnerability in the context of various regional challenges, including environmental, economic, and social issues.  economic and social commission for asia and the pacific ( escap) The Asia-Pacific Disaster Report 2023 demonstrates that the existing disaster risk hotspots are forecasted to face more frequent and intense disasters and new risk hotspots are expected to emerge. vulnerability refers to the physical, social, economic, and environmental factors which increase susceptibility to hazards  vulnerability disregard for environmental management poorly - planned communities poorly - constructed infrastructures and homes lack of public information and awareness on preparedness and risks  aCTUAL SITUATIONS THAT INCORPORATE HAZARDS, EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY 1. NATURAL DISASTERS Exposure A coastal community living in a low-lying area prone to flooding The community has poorly constructed houses, inadequate Vulnerability drainage systems, and limited access to emergency services. Hazard A severe typhoon with heavy rains and strong winds When the typhoon hits, the community experiences widespread Actual flooding, causing significant damage to homes and infrastructure Situation due to their vulnerability and the high hazard level.  2. INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT Exposure Workers at a chemical plant. The plant has outdated safety protocols, insufficient protective Vulnerability equipment, and a lack of proper training. Hazard A chemical explosion due to a malfunction in the machinery The explosion releases toxic chemicals into the air, exposing Actual workers to dangerous substances. Their vulnerability is heightened by the lack of safety measures, leading to severe injuries and Situation health complications. ACTIVITY gIVE 1 ACTUAL SITUATION THAT INCORPORATE HAZARDS, EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY TYPE OF DISASTER: ________________________ Exposure Vulnerability Hazard Actual Situation  methods of reducing exposure to hazards to map out the hazards that a community is exposed to NOAH - National Operational Assessment of Hazards ( provides important life saving information in times of natural calamities) consultative meetings with stakeholders education - public information about the real dangers of natural and environmental hazards  Activity A and B Text: 36A - Hazards around me 36C - Hazards mapping ( Interactive Mapping)