Hass Year 10 Economic Past Paper PDF

Hass Year 10 economic Economics brainstorm Gross Consumer Goods & Supply & Circular domestic and services demand flow model product producers...

Hass Year 10 economic Economics brainstorm Gross Consumer Goods & Supply & Circular domestic and services demand flow model product producers Imports & Opportunity Wage Income Scarcity exports cost Economic definition Wants – things that we desire but can survive Services – an action that a person does for someone else Economic problem – need and wants are unlimited but resources are limited/scarce Economy - the way in which goods and services are made, sold and used in a country or area Goods – an object people want that can be touched or held Economics – the study of how people and society use resources to satisfy their needs and wants Opportunity cost – the cost of the next best alternative use of resources Needs – things we cannot physically live without including food, water and shelter Scarcity – the state of being in short supply finance - the management of large amounts of money, especially by governments or large companies productivity - the outputs of a business relative to the inputs Labor productivity - the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in a given amount of time  If I won $100, I would invest in stocks What If I won $1000, I would invest would you it do?? If I won a million dollars, I would invest 50% of it into stocks and plan to buy a home Applied application  John has $700000 and he can choose to buy a Lambo or a house. John decides to buy the Lambo for $700000. The opportunity cost is the house  If I had $50 and had to choose between a soccer ball or a basketball Price If the price is too low, the consumer becomes suspicious of its quality If the price is too high, the product is viewed as too expensive and not worth the purchase price A consumer may be influenced to purchase the highest-priced item in the market as status symbol of wealth, power and prestige Availability and cost of finance 1. Credit card  A financial tool that allows you to borrow money up to pre-set limit for purchases  You’re required to pay back the borrowed amount by due date  You may incur interest if not paid in full 2. Bank loans  A bank loan is a sum of money borrowed from a financial institution  The borrower must make regular payments until the loan is fully repaid Video  Everytime you use a credit card you have to pay a loan  each day you have to pay interest Scenario  St George vertigo card because of no annual fee and low interest rate  St George because of lower interest rate  Option 2 so you can buy a better car, gain $200 dollars a week, can still use a form of transport, buy car for $13000  ING 300 cashback Credit score  A grade for how good you are at managing money  Lenders use it to decide if they’ll give you a loan or credit card After pay video  After pay acts like a credit card  Recommended not to use after pay  After pay makes money from interest and missed payment fee Book notes  Productivity measures what can be produced (output) from a given number of resources (input). Businesses are always interested in improving their productivity by, for example, producing the same or greater quantity of goods and services using fewer resources.  Labour productivity measures the amount of goods and services that a worker produces in each amount of time. A business might take action to increase the productivity of its workforce in the following areas.  Management practice - Managers are the leaders of a business, responsible for coordinating employees and using capital resources to optimise profit. There is a clear link between the quality of managers and productivity  Training - Employees who develop better skills and knowledge are likely to improve labour productivity. Developing employee skills and knowledge may take place through attending training (either on or off the job) or participating in mobile learning using electronic devices such as computers, MP3 players, notebooks, mobile phones and tablets  Work place culture and flexibility - Each business has its own way of conducting business. A business’ ‘culture’ is influenced by such things as values, beliefs, the vision for the business and habits. If an organisation is a good place to work, labour productivity is likely to be higher.  Performance appraisal and Feedback - Performance appraisal is an assessment or evaluation of how well an employee is performing in their job, based on criteria that have been predetermined by both the employee and employer. For example, a sales representative may have a monthly and annual target to sell a certain number of products or earn a certain amount of revenue for the business  Employee incitive scheme - Employees may be offered a financial incentive over and above their normal wage for meeting agreed performance targets. Incentives take many forms, such as cash bonuses, shares in the business or non-monetary rewards such as vacations or additional paid leave  Capital is used in the production of goods and services and includes such things as machinery, computers, mines, tools and buildings.  Technology - Businesses can increase their productivity by using equipment that uses the most advanced technology available to save time and cost.  Improving processes - All businesses use a number of processes to produce a product (either a good or a service). A simple example of a process is taking an order at a restaurant. A waiter may take the order, using a pen and paper or a computer, or the customer may need to go to the counter to order Book work 01 02 03 04 05 Productivity measures Management practice, Technology allows The Margret river The Margret river what can be produced training, workplace businesses to chocolate company chocolate company from a given amount culture, flexibility, increase their uses newer could use an resources performance appraisal productivity by using technology and improvement in and feed back , equipment that uses workplace culture + processes and employee incentive the most advanced flexibility to improve management practice schemes technology available the productivity of the to save time and cost business  Marketers may specifically target The role of men or women buy their products gender Marketing and advertising MARKETING – THE PLANNING, ADVERTISING – PERSUASIVE MESSAGES THAT IMPLEMENTATION AND CONTROL OF A RANGE A COMPANY PAYS FOR TO PROMOTE THEIR OF ACTIVITIES TO BRING BUYER AND SELLERS PRODUCT TO THEIR CUSTOMERS TOGETHER FOR THE EXCHANGE OF PRODUCTS Marketing – the 4 p’s Management process through which goods Coordination of four and services move elements called the 4 from concept to the P’s of Marketing: customer Identification, Selection of a Development and selection and Determination of its distribution channel implementation of development of a price to reach the promotional strategy product customer’s place Ethical considerations  Ethics are the standards that provide guidance on what is considered right and wrong Ethical considerations for Businesses  Animal rights  The environment  Human rights Socio-cultural  People in the same social class tend to have similar attitudes, lives in similar areas and have similar tastes  A person’s race, religion and class also impact a consumer’s choice video  Fashion materials go into landfill  In England 300 000 tons of clothes are put into landfill Worksheet questions 1. Wanted to show people how people are treated when they are working is sweatshops for Nike 2. No furniture, thin mat, bugs + rats, sewage, no aircon, small spaces, 5-10 families 3. Rent, water, 2 meals, peanuts, bottle of water, dish soap 4. Work 15 hrs 6-7 days a week children don’t get to go to school 5. Basic needs- food, water, shelter, education 6. Nike is going against the human rights of the workers 7. Angry 8. Ethical considerations are considered as things such as human rights, animal rights and environmental protection. Fast fashion had ethical issues because some companies use sweatshops to create their production and takes advantage of the people that work in those factories by violating their human rights. For example Nike pays their workers $1.25 per day meaning they can purchase the bare minimum to survive giving them the unavailability to provide their children with education. In the video it is told that if the workers decide to tell anyone especially reporters about the living conditions or violations of human rights by Nike they will be killed and slaughtered. Practice question  In Source 2, the number of reusable water bottles in the US. Has increased/rose. One economic impact is that companies producing silicone and/or ‘others’ water bottle have increased business/profits/customers. Companies that produce glass or stainless- steel water bottle are predicted to slightly increase popularity Economic growth  An increase in the amount of good and services produced per head of the population over a period of time Key indicators of economic performance  Gross domestic product ( per capita )  Inflation  unemployment Gross domestic product  GPD – the total value of all goods and services produced in a country over a specific period of time  G – gross: total value of something before depreciation  D – domestic: within a country  P – Product: includes both goods and services  Nominal GDP: actual numbers in today’s Types of dollars A better indicator of GDP living standards Real GDP: adjusted for inflation which is: Easier to compare with past dollars GDP per capita: Average GDP per person in a country, very useful when comparing countries of different population sizes Video 1 1. Gross domestic product (GDP) 2. a) Goods b) Services c) Produced in a year 3. GDP is the goods and services that are sold 4. 1. Doesn’t include all goods + services 2. Doesn’t take into account other indicators – happiness score index only measures if it/you receive an income 5. GDP is a useful indicator because Video 2 1. The 2020 covid lockdown caused the Australian GDP to crash 2. GDP increases Workbook 1. Gross domestic product 2. The reason GDP is measured is to tell us if a country’s economy is growing or decreasing 3. Contributing to the community, good health, enough leisure time, a job is rewarding 4. Where the economic growth falls for two or more quarters 5. An economic depression is when economic growth falls for 2 or more years 6. Decline in people being employed, decline in number goods and services being produced Give one get one Money and experience  Fun  Independence  Income  Pay bills What is unemployment  Over the age of 15  Without work  Currently available for work and deliberately seeking work definitions  Unemployment – the state of being unemployed. A person is considered to be unemployed if they are over 15 years of age, working for less than 1 hour per week, currently available for work, and deliberately seeking work  Labour force – people over the age of 15 who are employed or unemployed  Unemployment rate – the percentage of unemployment in the labour force  Participation rate – the percentage of those who are of working age (15 – 67) and are in the labour force Labour force  Employed + unemployed = labour force  The ABS defines a person as being unemployed if they are 15 years or older, and:  Not employed  Taking active steps to find work  Available to start work Frictional unemployment  Occurs because it employees time to transition between one job and the next  Usually only lasts for short periods of time  Students move from education into the workforce full time  Women move back into the workforce after having children Cyclical unemployment  Associated with the business cycle  When the economy is in a downturn or economic recession – the demand for goods and services fall – decrease production = decrease size of labour force  Redundant workers become unemployed  Addressed as governments try to stimulate the economy through policies and expansion Structural unemployment  Occurs when workers available for employment do not have the skills or experience required for the jobs that are available  Retraining of workers is required to address this Starter activity  As more money is printed the value of that money drops leading for prices to skyrocket inflation  Inflation occurs when there is an increase in the general level of prices paid for goods and services over a certain period of time  In Australia, inflation is considered low if it is below 2-3% Purchasing power  Also called Buying power  The ability to purchase goods and services  It is the value of money in terms of what it can buy at a specified time compared to what it could buy at some prior time Hyper inflation  Hyperinflation is an extreme case of monetary devaluation that is so rapid and out of control that the normal concepts of value and prices are meaningless Consumer price index  The CPI is a measure of change in the purchasing power of a currency Cause of inflation  Cost push inflation  Costs of Business rise, and the business pushes that cost onto customers Causes of inflation  Demand pull inflation  Increased demand for goods will increase prices because of competition for resources  This inflation is led by consumers Causes of inflation  Printing more money  When there is more money in circulation, the value becomes lower, so prices rise Textbook 1. Inflation occurs when there is an increase in the general level of prices paid for goods and services over a certain period of time 2. Inflation raises the prices of the same goods and services forcing consumers to pay more 3. 2-3% 4. The Australian Bureau of statistics measures inflation by using Consumer price index. 5. A Starter task  The demand pull increased because of the influx of people wanting a big mac Writing task  The RBA (Reserve bank of Australia) has raised the cash rate to 3.6% as of the 7 th of March 2023 to increase the interest to then lower people buying things to control inflation. This means the loans will become more expensive, mortgage becomes more expensive meaning people will spend less on other things and focus on mortgage or loans, this allows for inflation to stabilize and retract. An example of the RBA change their cash rate was decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic to support the economy allowing for companies and consumers to borrow more money and stimulate spending. Overall, in the short run the increase in cash rate negatively affects Australians by making loans and mortgages more expensive yet in the long run inflation will begin to stabilize and retract. What will Australia’s workforce look like in 2025  Average Australians workers will likely change jobs 2.4 times over the next two decades  By 2040, 9/ 10 Australians 21 – 65 years old change occupations at least once Job  Something in CTI or Game development  I enjoy coding  I find it interesting Unit 4.3 workbook notes  Distribution of income - the way a nation’s total income is spread between households  Gini coefficient – to measure the. Extent of inequality in the distribution of income  Wealth – refers to the value of all assets owned by an individual that have the ability to earn an income in the future  Income – refers to the money that an individual receives in exchange for working or making other resources available for productive purposes Unit 4.3 questions 1-4 1. Distribution of income - the way a nation’s total income is spread between households 2. different patterns of workforce participation 3. Taxation systems and income redistribution 4. Income inequality allows for an incentive for people to engage in productive economic activity and take risks in the hope of achieving rewards quiz 1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C Strengths and weaknesses of GDP  Strengths:  Simple to interpret  Easy to calculate  Can be used most times as an overall indicator of living standards  Weaknesses: HASS - GEOGRAPHY GOVT. STRATEGIES THAT CAN ADDRESS INCOME INEQUALITY Taxation Adjusting minimum wage Pensions Disability allowances Social welfare payments GOVERNMENTS IMPROVE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE BY MANAGING… Productivity training and workplace development mirgration STANDARD OF LIVING A standard is a level of attainment or achievement GEOGRAPHY The study of people, the environment and how they interact with one another 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY 1. Location – absolute and relative 2. Place 3. Region 4. Movement 5. Human – environment interaction WORD ASSOCIATION Tree Forest Lakes Wildlife Creeks Swamps Shrubs Stones Mountains Natural landmarks ENVIRONMENT A specific place on Earth and all the things, both animate and inanimate that are there 5 TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT 1. Land environment 2. Inland water environment 3. Coastal 4. Marine 5. urban LAND ENVIRONMENT Definition: includes all solid parts of the earth’s surface Inanimate feature: soil, rocks, minerals Animate features: plants, animals, microorganisms Interesting facts: 29% of Earth’s of the land URBAN ENVIRONMENT Definition: urban environments are bustling hubs of human activity, characterised by towering skyscrapers, bustling streets, and vibrant city life. animate features: humans, pets and urban wildlife such as pigeons Inanimate features: skyscrapers, streets, and towers Interesting fact: in some cities, air pollution have reached alarming rates posing health risks to residents MARINE Expanses of salt water in oceans and seas Fish, marine mammals Ocean currents, under water ridges 90% of the world’s fish are exploited INLAND WATER Definition: regions situated from costal areas Animate features: myriad of aquatic plants, fish, birds, and other wildlife Inanimate features: reeds, buildings COASTAL Transitional zones where land meets the sea, showcasing a dynamic interplay of sandy beaches, rugged cliffs and intricate estuaries Marine mammals, birds, vegetation sandy beaches, rugged cliffs and intricate estuaries BOLTS B-Border O-Orientation L-Legend T-title S-Scale GRID REFERENCES Typographic maps use lines called eastings and northings to locate features on a map precisely Lines running up and down topographic maps are called eastings. They are called this because they represent lines east of the origin for the grid Lines running across the maps are called northings. Horizontal lines are called northing because they represent lines north of the origin and for the grind AREA REFERENCES Putting eastings and northings together forms a grid Point A: ar6123 Point B: ar6424 REFERENCING ACTIVITY A - gr135345 B - gr144310 C - gr176322 D - gr172318 HUMAN IMPACT Since the industrial revolution in the 1700’s the rate that humans are destroying the environment has dramatically increased This is only increasing as we use more and more technology This is due to: Increased air, land or water pollution Mass clearing of land and loss of animal life Overconsumption of resources BOOK 8.2 1. Qualitative are subjective indicators of human wellbeing are those aspects of our standard of living while quantitative indicators is used to assess only human wellbeing 2. Helps shows an index of potential human development that could be achieved if there is no inequality 3. GDP per capita, GNP per capita, CQM (composite quantitative measures) 4. Several new indices that help more accurate insight into human well being 5. Fails to accurately measure economic activity 6. Wellbeing and level of inequality 7. Intrinsic value WHITE BOARD QUESTIONS A complex combination of a person's physical, mental, emotional and social health factors BUSINESS CYCLE The business cycle depicts the rise and fall in output over time Each business cycle has four phases: expansion, peak, contraction and trough PEAK A period of strong economic expansion where many businesses are operating at full capacity or above capacity TROUGH The lowest point of the business cycle EXPANSION The upswing of the business cycle towards a peak is called an economic expansion CONTRACTION The downswing of the business cycle towards a trough is called an economic contraction WW2 BY LU K A GLOSSARY Treaty of Versailles – the peace treaty forced on Germany after WW1, signed 28th of June 1919, It was a treaty that was very unfavourable towards Germany TREATY OF VERSAILLES David Lloyd George - Middle – wanted land Britain Wanted trade with germany George Clemenceau Wanted Germany to pay Wanted land Wanted Germany to demilitarise Known as the tiger Woodrow Wilson - USA ‘14 peace’ terms Prevent another war Create league of nations Wasn’t as impacted by WW1 Didn’t PARAGRAPH One cause of WW2 was the treaty of Versailles and its harsh demands and enforced rules that was set on Germany. The treaty of Versailles was a ‘harsh peace’ agreed upon by the big three which consisted of George Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd-George of the United Kingdom and Woodrow Wilson of the USA. The big three wanted the following terms from the treaty: that all German military services be removed from the Rhineland, there military is to be cut down to 100,000 men (no conscription), Germany must pay $33 billion USD to the allies, reduction to 36 navy ships, no submarines, tanks or Airforce and prohibition to join the league of nations. This resulted in the German population to be outrage and blamed the government for metaphorically backstabbing the military causing for a new political party to form in the 1920s called the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis). Therefore, the treaty of Versailles had a significant impact on causing WW2 because of the harsh rules and demands enforced onto Germany causing the change in a new government leading to the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazis) to take charge leading to Germany inevitably becoming into a fascist country leading to the events of WW2. CONSOLIDATION QUESTIONS I felt like the world was at my fingertips and was able to make my own decision Annoyed that my money was gone Annoyed that all my assets were gone Depressed because of the economic crisis around us PARAGRAPH 2 A second cause of WW2 was the great depression as many went into poverty, many people began to become unemployed, and people were ending up on the streets. The great depression is the time period of major global economic decline, and this was caused by a crash in the stock market causing people to begin panic selling their shares dropping the value of the shares drastically, this eventually caused banks to close due to the overwhelming amount of people needing money forcing the closure of many small banks. Germany was hit the hardest by the great depression as by 1923 they had to rely on borrowed money from America to keep their economy stable yet when the great depression hit America stopped lending money to Germany the country went into a crisis allowing for Hitler to take his opportunity to convince more people to join the Nazi party by providing solutions to prevent the total collapse of the economy. This led to over 8.5 million people to join the nazi party, allow for up to 230 seats in the senate to be appointed to this party and Hitler to become chancellor of Germany. Overall, thanks to the great depression the nazi party was able to gain more power and followers allowing them to become the most dominant party in Germany. PARAGRAPH 3 The rise of the national socialist German workers party or nazi party was not the main cause of the WW2 it was the treaty of Versailles. The treaty of Versailles is the peace treaty forced onto Germany after the events of WW1, it was signed on the 28 th of June 1919 and made Germany have to pay reparations, demilitarize and Germany was prohibited from joining the league of nations. The treaty of Versailles caused WW2 by causing economic problems in Germany as the government couldn’t help their citizen and once the great depression occurred in October 1929 the German economy reached an all-time low causing many citizens to flee to Hitler who had convinced the population that he could fix everything allowing for the national socialist German workers party (Nazis). Over December – January of 1929-30 the number of unemployed people increased to over 2 million and because of this the Nazi party took advantage of the situation and increased their vote from 18.3% in September 1930, and 37.4% in July 1932. Overall, due to the treaty of Versailles, the national socialist German workers party was able to gain more followers by taking advantage of the economic decline in Germany. PALM CARDS Who was the big three? – Woodrow Wilson, George Clemenceau, David Lloyd george When was the treaty of Versailles signed? – 28th of June 1919 What were the terms of the treaty? – Germany will take full blame for the war, demilitarize the Rhineland and demilitarize to 100 000 men When did WW2 start? – September 1st 1939 What date did hitler become chancellor? – 1933 30th of Januarary What caused the great depression? – The crash of the New York stock exchange POLICY OF APPEASEMENT Allowed Hitler to gain territory quickly and allowed him to invade Austria and Czechoslovakia The appeasement ended when Hitler invaded Poland on September 1st 1939 This made Hitler think he was invincible During this period the allies did nothing to stop Hitler from expanding and re-militerizing the Rhineland PARAGRAPH 4 The policy of appeasement caused WW2 because it allowed Hitler to gain a stronger army and expand Germany’s territory. For example in 1936 Hitler remilitarised the Rhineland and instead of stopping Hitler the allies allowed him to so without interfering allowing him to build up his armies and gain more power. The Policy of appeasement was not the main cause of WW2 because the nazi party would’ve never came to power if the treaty of Versailles never happened. The treaty of Versailles caused Hitler to gaina deep hatred towards the allies since the treaty caused the military to lose power, land and a strong economy this then lead to the great depression in the mid 1920’s allowing for the National socialist german workers party to gain followers and allow Hitler to become a chancellor by Janurary 1932. Therefore, the policy of appeasement did allow Germany to become very powerful however Hitler would’ve never came into power if not for the treaty of Versailles. OUTBREAK OF WAR 12th march 1938 – marched into Austria March 1939 – invades the rest of Czechoslovakia 1st of September – invades poland DECLARATION OF WAR Invasion of Poland, launched on the 1ist of September 1939 and was the first example of what became known as blitzkrieg tactics Sunday 3rd of September – Britain and France declare war on Germany Blitzkrieg tactics – use of coordinated air and land forces to quickly overrun the enemy, followed by slower moving ground forces, often using horse drawn transport , which mopped up the shattered defenders and occupied land BATTLE OF BRITAIN European theatres Britain prime minister Winston churcill ‘ we shall fight on the beaches’ 4th of June 1940 Battle of Britain was a battle of above the skies of England where lay the royal air force held off the german lufftwaffe In July 1940, the lufftwaffe had more than 2000 more planes than the royal air force JAPAN EXPANSION WW2 Japan did not have enough resources such as gas and rubber Wanted more territory and influence Increase more power and control Wanted to create the great east Asian co prosperity sphere SOURCE 3 It shows the territory controlled by the japanese PEARL HARBOUR On the 7th of December 1941 the Japanese attacked pearl harbour in Hawaii 2409 americans were killed and 1178 were wounded United states became actively involved in the war effort of allied forces in Europe and the asia pacific region In Australia on the 12th of December 1941 approved the call up of 114000 more men for the army Australian troops were to be transferred to port moresby ANNOTATION – SOURCE 2 This source symbolises the backstabbing of the Japanese after they had promised peace to the US to then cause pearl habour ANNOTATION – SOURCE 3 This source’s message tells us that although they had suffered a heavy loss in pearl habour BATTLE OF MIDWAY 4-7th of June 1942 The first time the Japanese advancement was stopped and was a turning point for Japan to be defensive for the first time in WW2 DEFINITION Message – what the author of a source is communicating to the reader about the topic Context – the historical details surrounding the creation of the source FALL OF SINGAPORE 7th of February – 15th of February 1942 15 000 Australians were captured Britain had underestimated the force of Japanese troops Change in foreign policy by John Curtin SOURCE ANALYSIS The message of the source is that Australia put their men into the front line heading into the unknown. This is evident by the symbolisation of Australia through a dog heading towards an unknown space. DEFINITIONS Prisoners of war – a person usually a member of the armed forces, who is captured and held by the enemy forces during times of war MESSAGES The message of the source is that the Japanese are heading towards Australian territory this is evident by the Japanese soldier walking towards Australia form Indonesia THE FALL OF SIGNAPORE 7 – 15 OF SEPTEMBER TH TH Reconsidered its relationship with Britain and looked increasingly towards the us for its future protection Japanese war planes bombed Darwin on the 19th of February SHIFT IN FOREIGN POLICY The message of the source shows that in 1942 Britain has lied to Australia about promising about not being invaded. This is evident by Winston Churchill promising John Curtin will not be invaded although the Japanese have already begun their attack on Australia. GIVE ONE GET ONE Give one – WW2 started in 1939 and ended in 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan one in Hiroshima then another in Nagasaki Get one - BOMBING OF DARWIN Occurred on February 19th of 1942 Attacked by the imperial Japanese navy as part of their campaign to establish dominance in the pacific region Darwin was targeted due to its strategic significance as a major port and military base for the allies in northern Australia The bombing aimed to weaken the allied forces to disrupt their supply lines, and potentially defer future counteroffensives KOKODA TRACK CAMPAIGN Consisted of a series of battles fought between 21st July to November 1942 in papua new guinea during the pacific war of World War 2 STATIONS October 1942, the golden stairs rising towards the imita ridge on Kokoda track. The golden stairs consisted of over 2000 timber steps cut into the mountain side Fuzzy wuzzy angels was the name given by Australian soldiers to Papua new guinea war carriers who would bring supplies up to the front and carry injured Australian troops down the Kokoda trail during the campaign Treacherous terrain. The length of the Kokoda trail was not measured in distance between four and twelve days Australian forces fought to protect Kokoda, a village on the Kokoda trail. The Japanese wanted this village because it had an airfield The trail often very narrow and soldiers had to battle their way through thick jungle and dangerous mountains. Australian soldiers from the Kokoda campaign were also known as chocolate soldiers` BOOKWORK 1. Germany, Italy and Japan 2. To stop American interference in the pacific 3. There was damage done to the American fleet than expected 4. Thailand, part of china, Singapore, papua new guinea and the Philippines 5. Singapore was thought to be impossible to invade and made Australia feel protected yet when it fell it left Australia somewhat defenceless 6. That they are beginning to rely more on American due to Britan being occupied in Europe handling the nazis 10 DAY HIKE ITEMS 1. Lighter 2. Sleeping bag 3. Boots 4. Shorts 5. T shirt 6. Dried fruits 7. 8 Water bottles 8. Medication 9. Bandages 10.Tent 11.Rice 12.Machete KOKODA 21st of July 1942 – November 1942 WW2 WW2 was the first time Australians were conscripted to fight overseas in November 1939, prime minister Robert Menzies announced the existing reserve force, the citizen military forces or milita would be reinforced by conscription However, the CMF wouldn’t be required to fight beyond Australia and its territories, which did include papua and new guinea On the 19 th of February 1943, the new prime minister, john curtin passed legislation requiring the CMF to fight further distances including parts of the pacific All men ages 18-35 and single men aged 35-45 were required to join the CMF PARAGRAPH Using the photographs the conditions of the Kokoda trail seems harsh and narrow. The photographs it is shown that the Kokoda trail was a jungle like and disease infested path causing for many complications and problems on both sides of those who fought on this trail. PARAGRAPH 2 The Kokoda campaign was a campaign that lasted from the 21st of July 1941 to November 1942. This campaign was significant because it helped Australian a some form of barrier between them and the Japanese yet as a long term effect of the QUIZ 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A SOURCE B The message of source B is Australia meeting Japan as Japan trying to attack Australia. This is evident by the Australian cop meeting a Japanese robber trying to enter his house labelled Australia. AUSCHWITZ The amount of people that died and how gruesome some of the killing were How many concentrations camps there were and that how little the amount of survivors there were left No as I already had an idea of how devastating this event was and how impactful it was on the jewish people it was quite concerning and worrying THE UN Established by the charter of united nations Signed on the 26th of June 1945 1945 San Francisco conference allowed UN charter to be adopted Main goal of organisation is World Peace UN charter is what is known as an instrument of international law Those who are member states are bound to this 193 countries in the UN Provides humanitarian aid Help with international health reserves THE SIX MAIN ORGANS General assembly Security council Economic and social council Trusteeship council International court of justice UN secretariat AUSTRALIA ’ S INVOLVEMENT IN THE UNITED NATIONS Australia was one of the founding signatories in 1941 At the san Francisco conference of 1945, dr Herbert evatt, the minister for foreign affairs worked hard to make Australia an active voice Charter was amended accordingly In 1948 Australia was elected to presidency of the genereal assembly through dr Herbert evatt Has been a long-standing member of the UN QUESTIONS Due the atrocities that occurred in the conflict in WW2 Herbert Evatt Eleanor Roosevelt The White Australia policy General secretary KEYFACTS Conducted by the austrlain human rights commission Established by attorney general in 1995 A 2 year inquiry which collected verbal and written testimony from indigenous individuals, organizations, and various stakeholders The 689-page report, represented in parliament on May 27, 1997, contains personal accounts and 54 recommendations to promote healing and reconciliation for the stolen generation IMPACTS OF REPORT National acknowledgment: increased awareness of extensive practice of forcibly removing indigenous children An apology: in 2008 then PM Kevin Rudd issued a formal apology to the stolen generations Legal reforms: influence significant child welfare reforms USING HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND EVIDENCE DESCRIBE THE IMPORTANCE OF AN INDIGENOUS CIVIL RIGHTS EVENTS The 1967 referendum was a referendum that’s sole purpose is to bring equality to the indigenous people of Australia by changing two different sections in the constitution. This referendum took place in 1967 created by Harold Holt as the liberal government rejected a land rights claim of the Gurindji people at wave hill in the Northern Territory. This was significant as this event brought more awareness about the mistreatment of aboriginal and indigenous people. COURTS OF AUSTRALIA HIGH COURT Highest court in Australia Established in 1901 by section 71 of the constitution Has several roles High court is needed to interpret the constitution Hears and resolves disputes over the meaning of the constitution Only court in Australia that can interpret the meaning of the words GLOSSARY TERMS Appellate – concerned with or dealing with applications for decisions to be reversed Jurisdiction – the power or authority of court to hear a particular type of legal dispute BINGO rules queensland Mabo law Land rights Australia legal judges Democracy WRITING TASK The high court is the highest court in Australia, established in 1901 by section 71 in the constitution. It has many roles but mainly it is used to interpret the constitution, resolve disputes or disagreements while following the rules of the constitution and is the only court to be able to interpret the meaning of the rules within the constitution. The Mabo case is a clear example of the High Court’s role as it shows how the High court is the highest court of appeal as Eddie Mabo had to appeal to higher and higher courts to make the land rights of indigenous people become recognised and in order for the act to be passed the High court had to interpret a new meaning behind a law allowing for an eventual 4-3 split between the judges meaning by 1992 Mabo won against the Queensland government making the land rights of the indigenous people be recognised and for terra nuslius to be obsolete. GLOSSARY safeguard - a measure taken to protect someone or something or to prevent an undersirable event Democracy – a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state typically through elected representatives Democratic safeguard – a measures taken to protect a country’s democracy VIDEO Updates the roll Special enrolment Federal elections Notify people about changes Updates AEC website QUESTION Australia has compulsory voting because it gives people a chance to show who they would like their government to work and whether they like the ideas of a certain candidate. QUESTION Democracy is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state typically through elected representatives. To protect Australia’s democracy, there are specific safeguards, which are a measure taken to protect someone or something or to prevent an undesirable event. One safeguard is that the people themselves elect the government. This safeguard protects Australia’s democracy by allowing the people choose their candidate to change the government on their behalf but only if the majority of Australians decide to vote on that specific candidate. MEDIA BIAS AND VOTING A democracy system relies on individuals being able to make informed decisions about which political party would make laws that best reflect their views and values The media present impartial and unbiased information especially to the lead up to an election It is important to remember that media is not impartial INFLUENCE OF THOSE WITH VESTED INTERESTS Individuals and organisations with vested interests may also threaten democracy Very wealthy individuals and large corporations have been able to have a disproportionate amount of influence over government policy in Australia by making large donations The nearly all Australia political parties have been affected by bribe from these large corporations ORGANISED CRIME Organised crime is a global problem. That threatens the national security and safety of citizens all around the world Organised crime has cost our economy over 15 billion dollars 2.4 million people are victims of human trafficking each year CORRUPTION Corruption or the immoral abuse of power for personal gain, is another factor that threatens democracies all around the world Australia has been rank 13th of 136 countries in terms of being least corrupt Our ranking has dropped over the last 5 years LAWLESSNESS Lawlessness is generally associated with gangs who act in an unruly and sometimes violent manner There has been an increase of young gangs These young gangs become involved in street violence, vandalism and other minor crimes QUESTIONS 1. Corruption and influence of those with vested interests 2. Bribes and large donations PALM CARDS High court Role of the court Mabo case Terra nulius Navtive title act Stolen generation Seperation of powers Judiciary Legislative Executive Elections Democratic safeguard shared values Democracy Right to dissent Role of the media  Democracy is a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state typically through elected representatives. One threat to Australia’s democracy is corruption. This involves the immoral abuse of power for personal gain, is another factor that threatens democracies all around the world. One example of when this occurred was in the 2016 Australian election. This is because STARTERS 1. Stalin (leader of Ussr) 2. King Charles (king of England) 3. Anthony Albanese. (PM of AU) 4. John Curtin (PM of AU during WW2) 5. George Clemenceau (leader of France) 6. Winston Churchill (PM of UK) 7. Adolf hitler (leader of nazi Germany) 8. ? 9. ? HIGH COURT The highest court in the Australian judicial system which was established in 1901 be section 71 of the constitution WRITING RESPONSE The high court is the Australian judicial system which was established in 1901 be section 71 of the constitution. A role of the High court is that it is the only court in Australia that can interpret the meaning of the words in the constitution. In the commonwealth vs. Tasmania case the high court was able to interpret the meaning of words in the constitution stopping a dam from being built in Tasmania and possibly destroying a heritage site. Therefore, the high court is significant as by changing the meaning of certain phrases in the constitution specific actions can be safeguarded and landmarks can be protected.