Growth Measurement PDF

Growth Measurements 'Anthropometry' Learning Objectives: After successful completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: 1. Define growth measurements 2. Interpret different types of growth measurements. 3. Perform growth measurements to a child. Introduction Assessment of growth is...

Growth Measurements 'Anthropometry' Learning Objectives: After successful completion of this lesson, the students will be able to: 1. Define growth measurements 2. Interpret different types of growth measurements. 3. Perform growth measurements to a child. Introduction Assessment of growth is vital. It provides a sensitive guide to a child’s: Health Development Nutritional status Response to treatment Definition of Anthropometry: It is a technique that deals with the measurement of the size, weight, and proportions of the human. Infant’s weight Definition: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. Purposes 1. To determine child at risk. 2. To determine child's progress. 3. To control child’s weight. 4. To determine the medication dosage. 5. To determine the BMI and Body surface area (BSA). Equipment: 1- Appropriate size balance scale 2- Cotton with alcohol 3- Paper for the scale Procedure: Learning guide for Infant’s weight Getting ready 1. Perform hand hygiene before patient contact. 2. Locate the appropriate measuring devices and growth charts based on the child’s age and mobility. 3. Verify the correct child by using two identifiers 4. Explain the procedures to the child and his parents 5. Place the scale horizontally on a firm surface. 6. Check to see that the scale is balanced by setting it at zero, and noting if the balance registers exactly in the middle of the mark. 7. Close windows & doors. Steps of The Procedure 1. Obtain the appropriate scale for the age and condition of the child. For children younger than 2 years of age, use a flat pan scale. For bedridden children more than 2 years of age, use a sling scale or special scale. For children who are able to stand, use a standing scale 2. Wipe the scale using cotton with alcohol 3. Remove the infant's shoes and clothes. 4. Put a scale paper on the scale. 5. Gently lift the infant from his bed and place him in the scale basket. 6. For reason of the safety, hold one hand over the body of the infant. 7. Read the scale when the infant is lying still. 8. Return the infant to his bed. After The Procedure 1. Record it in the infant's chart. 2. Remove and dispose the scale paper. 3. Wash hands Measuring Recumbent length Equipment Measuring board for infant, dress tape, metal tape Procedure: Learning guide for Measuring Recumbent length using head board Getting ready 1. Wash hands 2. Prepare the necessary Equipment and supplies (Obtain a length board) 3.Verify the correct child by using two identifiers 4.Secure the help of an assistant, who may be a family member 5. Explain the procedures to the child's parents Steps of The Procedure 1. Place the towel on the board. 2. Assist the child with removing shoes and clothes 3. Place the child supine on the length board. 4. One assistant hold the head against the head of the board firmly 5. Grasp the knees together gently 6. Push down on the knees until the legs are fully extended and hold the legs firmly 7. Bring the headboard against the soles of the heels firmly. 8. Read and record the result If such a measuring device is not available length is taken by using measuring tape: Getting Ready 1. Wash hands 2. Prepare the necessary Equipment and supplies 3.Verify the correct child by using two identifiers 4. Explain the procedures to the child ‘s parents During The Procedure 1. Place the infant on a proper-covered hard surface. 2. Push down the knees and against a firm surface. 3. Make points of the top of the head and heel of the feet by a pen. 4. Remove the child from his place. 5. Measure between these two points 6. Read the result After The Procedure 1. Return and clean the reused Equipment 2. Wash hands Crown to heel recumbent length  Measurements of body height Definition of body height: The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended. Procedure: Learning guide for measuring height of child above two years using scale Getting ready 1. Wash hands 2. Prepare the necessary Equipment and supplies (stadiometer or measuring tape) 3. Verify the correct child by using two identifiers 4.Explain the procedures to the child and/ or his parents During the Procedure: 1. Remove the child's shoes and socks 2. Have the child stand erect with feet flat on the floor, looking straight ahead, with the heels, buttocks, shoulders, and head against the measuring board. Ensure the heels are touching, the knees are fully extended, and the heels are flat 3. Lower the horizontal ruler of the stadiometer firmly onto the crown of the child’s head, so it is at a right angle to the vertical ruler. Ensure enough pressure to compress the hair. 4. Read the measurement at eye level. 5. Record the child’s stature measurement to the nearest 0.1 cm. After The Procedure 1. Return and clean the reused Equipment 2. Wash hands 3. Recording Measuring height of child above two years using a tape measure: Equipment: Measuring tape PROCEDURE: Learning guide for Measuring height of child above two years using a tape measure: GETTING READY 1. Wash hands 2. Prepare the necessary Equipment and supplies (a tape measure) 3. Verify the correct child by using two identifiers 4.Explain the procedures to the child and/ or his parents DURING THE PROCEDURE 1.Attach a measuring tape to the wall 2. Place the child adjacent to the tape. 3. Place a three dimensional object, such as thick book or box on the top of the head. 4. The side of the book must rest firmly against the wall to form a right angle 5. Length of stature is measured to the nearest centimeter 6. Read and record the result  AFTER THE PROCEDURE 1. Return and clean the reused Equipment 2. Wash hands 3. Recording Calculating body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) After obtaining weight and length or height measurements, use the following formula to determine BMI: BMI = (weight in kilograms) ÷ (height in meters squared) For a child who weighs 16 kg and has a height of 105 cm (1.05 m), the calculation would be BMI = 16 ÷ (1.05 × 1.05) = 16 ÷ 1.1 = 14.5 kg/m2 After obtaining weight and length or height measurements, use the Most Eller formula to determine BSA: BSA = square root of ([height in centimeters × weight in kilograms] ÷ 3600) For a child who weighs 16 kg and has a height of 105 cm, the calculation would be BSA = square root of ([105 × 16] ÷ 3600) = square root of (1680 ÷ 3600) = square root of 0.467 = 0.68 m2  Measuring Head Circumference "Cephalometry" Definition: The measurement of the dimensions of the head. It should be measured 1-Under 36 months of age 2-With neurological defects Equipment: A measuring tape Procedure: Learning guide for measuring head circumference Getting Ready 1. Wash hands 2. Prepare the necessary equipment and supplies (a tape measure) 3.Verify the correct newborn by using two identifiers 4.Explain the procedures to the child and /or his parents During of The Procedure 1. Position the newborn supine 2. Place a flexible tape measure around the occipitofrontal circumference (From midpoint of the frontal bone , above the eye brow, above the pinna of ear and above occipital bone) and read the tape in centimeters 3. A second measurement if the first was abnormal for the newborn's gestational age or overall size. 4. Remove the tape measure by gently lifting it or rolling the newborn off the tape. 6. Document the procedure in the newborn's record. After The Procedure  1. Return and clean the reused equipment 2. Wash hands Measuring chest circumference Definition: The measurement of the dimensions of the chest at the level of the nipples. Equipment: A measuring tape. Procedure: Learning guide for measuring chest circumference Getting ready 1. Wash hands 2. Prepare the necessary equipment and supplies (a tape measure) 3. Verify the correct child by using two identifiers 4. Explain the procedures to the child and/ or his parents During The Procedure 1. Remove the child's clothing of upper half. 2. Place on the flat table in a supine position for infant, stand alone for children 3. Place the tape across the nipple line(start from the midpoint between the two nipples, cross nipple, under axilla and under scapula) 4. Take measurement during inhalation and expiration. 5. Record the average of the two values. After The Procedure 1. Return and clean the reused equipment 2. Wash hands 3. Recording  Measuring Mid-Arm Circumference Equipment: A measuring tape It is an indirect measure of total muscle mass Procedure Learning guide for measuring mid arm circumference Getting ready 1. Wash hands 2. Prepare the equipment needed ( measuring tape) 3. Verify the correct child using two identifiers 4. Explain procedure to the child and parent DURING THE PROCEDURE 1. Let the child's right arm flexed 90º at the elbow 2. Mark the midpoint between the acromion and the olecranon on the posterior aspect of the arm 3. Wrap a paper or steel measuring tape around upper arm at midpoint 4. Measure to nearest 1 cm 5. Read the result After the procedure 1. Record the result 2. Clean and return the used equipment 3. Wash hands