Kinship and Descent - Week 5 Handouts PDF

Kinship and Descent Lecture Outline Kinship o Inuit Kinship System o Haudenosaunee Kinship System Descent (Consanguine/Blood Relations) o Unilineal Descent o Patrilineal Descent o Matrilineal Descent Non-unilineal Descent...

Kinship and Descent Lecture Outline Kinship o Inuit Kinship System o Haudenosaunee Kinship System Descent (Consanguine/Blood Relations) o Unilineal Descent o Patrilineal Descent o Matrilineal Descent Non-unilineal Descent o Double Descent o Bilateral Descent o Ambilineal Descent Marriage (Affinal/In-law Relations) o Defined o Spousal Preferences o Selecting a Spouse o Types of Marriage  Kinship Dynamics – Key Definitions kinship system – kin relations and the kinds of behavior associated with those relations; often described on diagrams or charts using kin terms kinship diagram – a way of presenting data graphically about the kin relations of a particular individual (called ‘ego’) (works up from the individual) genealogy – a record of a person’s relatives starting with an ancestor (works down to individual) descent system – the kinship principles traced through parent-child links descent group – a group defined by the descent system; a group of related people descended from a real or mythical ancestor Types of Decent Systems: o Unilineal Descent – decent through the mother or the father  Patrilineal – through the father’s line  Matrilineal – through the mother’s line o Double Descent – combines matrilineal and patrilineal patterns (unilineal or non-unilineal) o Non-unilineal descent – descent through mother and father’s line, or, a choice between the two  Bilateral –descent is reckoned through the lines of both parents relatively equally  Ambilineal – descent is reckoned either parent’s line and the individual (or the parents for the individual) is able to choose his or her affiliation with one group or the other Residence Patterns o Patrilocal – with the husband’s family o Matrilocal – with the wife’s family o Avunculocal – with the wife’s brother’s family (maternal uncle) o Bilocal – with either the wife or the husband’s family o Neolocal – a new residence location after marriage  Marriage – practice of creating socially and legally recognized partnerships within society o Preference Rules – rules governing preferred marriage partners  endogamy – marriage within a group  exogamy – marriage outside of a group o Forms of Marriage  monogamy – one spouse  polygamy – more than one spouse polygyny – one husband; more than one wife polyandry – rare; one wife; more than one husband lineages: sets of related kin tracing ancestry to a known ancestor clans: kin from related lineages, descended from a common ancestor who may or may not be identified; tracing the connections is difficult or impossible; groups of lineages phratries: groups of clans moieties: a single pair of unilineal descent groups that make up a society; both groups have a common ancestor; made up of clans or phratries Legend for Kinship Charts O female ∆ male □ non-specific gender / ego = marriage tie / spousal tie / parental tie Kinship System Charts Inuit System Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) System / Also Maisin Maisin Kinship System Descent System Charts Patrilineal System Matrilineal System