GRADE 12_FF2.pdf

SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 Summa Contra Gentiles, “O...

SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 Summa Contra Gentiles, “On Whether God’s Existence Can be Demonstrated.” Reviewer outline: Lesson 1, I believe in God [Page 1] By St. Thomas Aquinas Lesson 2, Creation [Page 9] Using the natural light of reason, Lesson 3, Jesus Incarnation [Page God can be known by observing the 14] natural world: “Ever since the creation of the world, God’s invisible A Credits to: attributes of eternal power and Barredo; Reviewer, Flashcards, Questionnaire divinity have been able to be understood and perceived in what R LESSON 1 I believe in God Faith as a human act he has made.” (Romans 1:20) “When an effect is better known to us [than its cause from the effect], we proceed to the knowledge of the cause.” SA Obediential potency ○ From the time God called us Five Ways of God’s Existence into being, He planted a desire in our human heart to Effects Cause seek for Him Intellect and free will Motion Whatever is in Prime ○ The reason of why we are motion is put in Mover or PI motion by Unmoved capable for God another. But this Mover Believe in His promises as true and cannot go on to necessary to be saved. infinity. Believe in the Person of God who never lies. Causatio There is an First n order of efficient Efficient causes. There is Cause or Our holistic response to God: The Three no case known Uncaused Essential Dimensions of Faith in which a thing Cause 1. Doctrine: preaching about God is found to be 2. Morals the efficient 3. Worship cause of itself. 1 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 And this cannot go on to infinity. Possibilit There are things Necessary y and possible to be Being The Two-Fold Order of Religious Necessity and not to be. Knowledge That which does 1. Natural Revelation A not exist only - Human reason begins to exist - Created world by something already existing. - Observation But not all - “What is God?” R Gradatio n in thins beings are merely possible. Among beings, there are some Perfect Being 2. Supernatural revelation or Divine Revelation - Faith SA more and some - Persons and events less good, true, - Deposit of Faith noble, and the - “Who is God? like. The maximum in any Human beings attain their last end by genus is the knowing and loving God cause of all in that genus. Faith is necessary to know God in PI His essence and to attain perfect Governan Things that lack Grand happiness: “Eternal life consists in ce of the intelligence act Architect the full cognition of God. Hence, it is World for an end. or necessary that some inception of Whatever lacks Intelligent intelligence Designer this supernatural cognition should cannot move come to exist in us. And this towards an end inception comes through faith, unless directed which on the basis of an infused by something light holds fast to things that by endowed with [human] nature exceed our knowledge and intelligence. cognition.” 2 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 doctrinal formulation of the I believe - We Believe Church’s belief in the Trinity Faith is… a reality profoundly is the Apostles’ Creed, personal and ecclesial. In professing which, in the form of the our faith, we say both ‘I believe’ and ancient Roman baptismal ‘We believe.’ Faith is professed symbol, served as the basis within the communion of the Holy of catechumenical instruction A Spirit (cf. 2 Cor 13:13), which unites and as a baptismal all believers with God and among confession of faith since the themselves 2nd century. It is based on R Creeds These are condensed formulas of faith developed over the course of time; with their help we can the Trinitarian formula of Baptism 2. Niacene Creed The Nicene Creed, which SA contemplate, express, learn, hand arose out of the defensive on, celebrate, and live out this struggle against Arianism, reality. Creeds are brief formulas specially stresses the true that make it possible for all Divinity of the Son and His believers to have a common consubstantiality with the profession Father. Credo (Latin): I believe It was amplified during the PI Converts to Christianity are to Council of Constantinople profess their faith in the Triune God (381), which arose out of the Faithful summary of the apostles’ defensive struggle against faith. Arianism and Reference for the 12 articles of faith Macedonianism. The Oldest baptismal formula (since 3rd amplified creed stresses, century Rome) side by side with the divinity of the Son, also the divinity Two Catholic Creeds of the Holy Spirit. 1. Apostles Creed The oldest authoritative 3 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 The Apostle’s Creed earth, of all things visible and invisible. I believe in God, And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Only the Father Almighty, Begotten Son of God, Creator of heaven and earth, (Art.1) born of the Father before all ages. and in Jesus Christ, His only Son, our God from God, Light from Light, true God A Lord, (Art.2) from true God, who was conceived by the Holy Spirit, begotten, not made consubstantial with born of the Virgin Mary, (Art.3) the Father; He suffered under Pontius Pilate, through him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation R was crucified, died and was buried; (Art. 4) He descended into hell; on the third day He rose again from the he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. SA dead; (Art.5) He ascended into heaven, For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was and is seated at the right hand of God the buried, and rose again on the third day Father Almighty; (Art.6) in accordance with the Scriptures. from there He will come to judge the He ascended into heaven and is seated living and the dead. (Art.7) at the right hand of the Father. He will I believe in the Holy Spirit, (Art.8) come again in glory the Holy Catholic Church, to judge the living and the dead and his PI the communion of Saints, (Art.9) kingdom will have no end. the forgiveness of sins, (Art.10) I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the the resurrection of the body, (Art.11) giver of life, who proceeds from the and life everlasting. (Art 12) Father and the Son, who with the Father and the Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. I believe in one, holy, catholic The Nicene Creed and apostolic Church. I confess one baptism I believe in one God, for the forgiveness of sins and I look the Father almighty, maker of heaven and forward to the resurrection 4 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 our stand in moral and social of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen. issues reflects the primacy of our beliefs Parts of the Creed The Object of Faith: The Most Holy Trinity 1. First Divine Person and the Is the most fundamental mystery of Wonderful work of Creation the Catholic faith revealed by Jesus A 2. Second Divine Person and the Christ: “For [God] sent His Son, the mystery of his redemption eternal Word, who enlightens all 3. Third Divine Person the origin and human beings, so that [the Son] source of our sanctification R Functions of the Creed 1. Summary of Beliefs For Unity “pagkakaisa” might dwell among them and declare to them the secrets of God.” In the sacred Scriptures 1. Creation SA For coherence - Let us make man in our “pagkakaugnay” image, after our likeness Teachings (Genesis 1:26) ○ Saving events which ground the faith of 2. The Annunciation Christians - And the angel said to her in reply, “The holy Spirit will 2. Pledge of Loyalty PI come upon you, and the confess our faith in the power of the Most High will Triune God and believing in overshadow you. Therefore his truths as key to eternal the child to be born will be life called holy, the Son of God. (Luke 1:35) 3. Proclamation of Identity Identifies us as disciples of 3. The Baptism of Jesus Christ and members of his - When Jesus was baptized, Church the heavens were opened and he saw the Spirit of God 5 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 descending like a dove...a Holy Spirit be with all of you voice from heaven saying, (2 Cor 13:13). "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased." (Matthew 3:16-17) Dogma - Dogmas are truths revealed by God 4. The Advocate himself, expressed in clear A - And I will ask the Father, and propositions by the teaching he will give you another authority of the church, and are true Advocate to be with you and necessary for salvation. R - always. (John 14:16) 5. The Great Commission Go, therefore, disciple of all and make nations, - The Church, in her concerning the Dogma of the Holy teaching Trinity, uses philosophical concepts. Trinitarian Dogma SA baptizing them in the name 1. The Trinity is One. of the Father, and of the Son, 2. The divine persons are really and of the Holy Spirit distinct from one another. (Matthew 28:19). 3. The divine persons are relative to one another. 6. Peter’s Epistle - To the chosen and destined Terminologies of the Trinitarian Dogma PI by God the Father, and 1. Substance sanctified by the Spirit for Rendered also at times by obedience to Jesus Christ “essence” or “nature” and for sprinkling with his Characterizes the physical blood (1 Peter 1:1-2) essence of God common to the Father, Son, and Holy 7. Paul’s Epistle Spirit, that is, the totality of - The grace of the Lord Jesus the Perfections of the Divine Christ and the love of God Essence and the fellowship of the 6 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 The concept of substance Relations answers the question “What Ways in which things can stand are you?” with regard to one another or to ○ Holy Trinity: I AM themselves GOD. Used by the Church to designate the fact that Divine Persons’ distinction 2. Person lies in the relationship of each to the A Rendered also at times by others “hypostasis” Boethius defines “person” as The Trinitarian Dogma R an individual substance of a rational Fundamentals Dogma, p. 69). The concept nature of of (cf. Catholic person 1. The Holy Trinity is one God in Three Divine Persons. 2. We distinguish among the persons, but we do not divide the substance. 3. The Divine Persons are distinct from SA answers the question “Who one another in relations of origin. are you?” ○ Holy Trinity: I AM Divine Processions THE FATHER, I AM By “procession,” we mean the origin THE SON, I AM THE of one from another. We distinguish HOLY SPIRIT. between external and internal processions. PI 3. Excursus: Substance & Person ○ External procession – the Hypostasis (person) and end of the procession goes nature (substance) are outside the principle from related to each other in such which it proceeds. Example: a manner that the hypostasis Creatures proceed by is the bearer of nature and external procession from the ultimate subject of all God their Primary Origin. being and acting, while ○ Internal procession – the nature is that through which origin of a Divine Person the hypostasis is and acts. from another through the communication of the 7 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 numerically one Divine Fides Qua Essence. Indicates the personal act of faith, In God, there are two internal Divine the faith with which I believe/we Processions: the begetting of the believe. The act of believing in God and the Son by the Father and the divinely revealed truths; the virtue procession of the Holy Spirit from of faith, that makes the act of faith the Father and the Son. A possible; faith that strengthened the martyrs. Faith is the essence/substance of what we hope for (salvation/eternal Description Relationship happiness/eternal life). R 1. The Father to Son 2. The Son to Father 3. The Father and Paternity Filiation Active Examples: ○ Doctrine: Bible study ○ Worship: Mass ○ Morals: Act of charity SA Son to the Holy Spiration Fides Quae Spirit Indicates the doctrinal content that I believe/we believe. 4. The Holy Spirit to Passive The faith which is believed; the the Father and the Spiration articles of faith, the revealed truth; Son the Catholic faith defended by the martyrs The Church from generation to PI Faith generation hands on the apostles’ confession of faith. an act of belief or trust and also that The apostles’ confession of faith which is believed or confessed, fides becomes a symbol preserved and qua and fides quae, respectively transmitted to deepen our faith Examples: We define substance/essence as ○ Doctrine: Trinitarian and that through which a person “is” and Christological Dogmas “acts.Ergo, faith is a free, personal, ○ Worship: Liturgical Creeds ○ Morals: Decalogue and and ecclesial act of submitting Beatitudes entirely to God in confidence 8 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 - Everything that God created Lesson Summary: is in the state of journeying, God is all good and loving toward an ultimate Faith comes from one’s perfection yet to be attained. individuality and the totality of - Through his Divine beliefs of the people of the Providence, God protects Church and governs all things which he has made. A LESSON 2 Genesis Creation Gignesthai ○ To be born ○ Origin R Creation is the Work of the Holy Trinity. Although we say that the work of the Creation is the Father’s, he did this indivisibly together with the Son and the Holy Spirit. The first book of the Jewish and Christian Scriptures. It does not give scientific explanations on the origin of the world. SA God the Creator is not like a Uses the literary form of religious watchmaker or an architect, who, myth to speak about reality. after doing his work, leaves it alone. God not only gives us existence but 1. First Account (Priestly Account) sustains us at every moment. - Gives a description of how God created the universe in Why God created the world six days and rested on the 1. Ex nihilo seventh day. PI - He did not need any previously existing materials 2. Second Account (Yahwist Account) or help from anyone: this - Emphasizes God’s shows his omnipotence and relationship to all human his wisdom. beings represented by Adam and Eve. 2. Ex amore (out of love) - God has no other reason for Characteristics of the First Account of creating than his love and Creation goodness. This love is 1. God is the origin of everything natural to God. especially that of life 2. Creation is orderly and good 3. In statu viae 3. Humankind is the summit of God’s 9 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 creation believe in God, you profess 4. Humans are stewards over all your beliefs in Him, but you creation practically think and do 5. Human sexuality and procreation something evil right after belong to the divine order of you go to the mass. creation 6. Rest is Godly 3. Materialism - others reject any A Second account of creation transcendent origin for the 1. We are connected to the earth world, but see it as merely - Adamah means Earth, soil, the interplay of matter that and land has always existed. (ex. R 2. The human being is both body and soul 3. Eden is the original locale of human beings - Eden means pleasure or 4. Deism Evolutionism and Big Bang Theory) - Some admit that the world SA delight in Hebrew but a royal was made by God, but as by garden in Persian a watchmaker who, once he 4. Humans have the vocation to care has made a watch, abandons and cultivate the world it to itself. 5. Man and woman compliment each other 5. Gnosticism 6. Human love and marriage are - According to some of these divinely ordered conceptions, the world (at PI least the physical world) is Challenging views on God as creator evil, the product of a fall, and 1. Pantheism is thus to be rejected or left - everything is God, that the behind. world is God, or that the development of the world is 6. Dualism/manichaeism the development of God. - Others have said that the world is a necessary 2. Atheism emanation arising from God - Total rejection of the and returning to him. Still existence of God. Even others have affirmed the Catholics can become atheist existence of two eternal in the sense of praxis. You principles, Good and Evil, 10 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 Light and Darkness, locked - responsible for nutrition and in permanent conflict. growth, and which is also found in plants and other The Human person: Imago dei animals. God made humankind in the image of God Dignity of the Human Person The person is composed of body Man cannot live without love or if and soul love is not revealed to him A ○ Body material composition Conscience of the person. It is Enjoins the person at the corruptible appropriate moment to do good and R ○ Soul principle vivification. immortal. It of is to avoid evil (synderesis) It also judges particular choices, approving those that are good and denouncing those that are evil. It bears witness to the authority of SA Three elements of the human soul truth in reference to the supreme 1. Appetitive Good to which the human person is - responsible for perception, drawn, and it welcomes the imagination, and movement, commandments. and so is present in other When he listens to his conscience, animals too, but not in plants the prudent man can hear God This sort of soul lacks reason speaking. but, unlike the vegetative, PI can be influenced by it. Two types of conscience 1. Callous 2. Rational - fails to see a sin, when it is - further divided into the actually there. scientific element, which enables us to contemplate or 2. Scrupulous engage in theoretical activity, - tends to see sin, when there and the calculative or is actually none. deliberative element, which enables us to engage in Freedom practical or political activity. God created man a rational being, conferring on him the dignity of a 3. Vegetative person who can initiate and control 11 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 his own actions. between man and woman, The power, rooted in reason and and finally the harmony will, to act or not to act, to do this or between the first couple and that, and so to perform deliberate all creation, comprised the actions on one's own responsibility. state called "original justice." By free will one shapes one's own life. Human freedom is a force for 2. Original Holiness growth and maturity in truth and - Sharing of the human person A goodness; it attains its perfection to the divine life. when directed toward God, our beatitude. Preternatural Gifts Makes man responsible for his acts 1. Integrity R Angels “Angelos” which means messenger They are personal, free, and spiritual beings who do not have a body like 2. Immortality 3. Impassibility 4. Infused knowledge Man’s First Sin SA ours. Angels play a major role in the 1. Self-Dedication history of God’s dealing with human - Constituted in a state of beings. holiness, man was destined God placed over each of us a to be fully "divinized" by God Guardian Angel under whose in glory. Seduced by the protection and vigilance we may be devil, he wanted to "be like enabled to escape the snares of our God," but "without God, enemy. before God, and nothing in PI accordance with God. Fallen Angels Caused a war amongst the angels 2. Self-Idolatry and the dragons since they believed - In that sin man preferred they could rule all heaven and earth himself to God and by that The irrevocable character of their very act scorned him. He choice made their sin unforgivable. chose himself over and against God, against the Man’s original state in Paradise before the requirements of his fall creaturely status and 1. Original Justice therefore against his own - The inner harmony of the good. human person, the harmony 12 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 Original Sin - Grave matter, full knowledge - People lost the grace of original of the evil of the act, and full holiness. consent of the will. - But human nature has not been totally corrupted: it is wounded in Is God the source of evil? the 'natural powers proper to it; No because He gives us tests of subject to ignorance, suffering, and faith to prove our love and the dominion of death; and inclined commitment towards Him A to sin - an inclination to evil that is called concupiscence Intrinsically Evil Acts 1. Whatever is hostile to life itself Concupiscence and Personal Sin 2. Whatever violates the integrity of R 1. Concupiscence - As a result of original sin, human nature is weakened in its powers; subject to ignorance, suffering, and the the human person 3. Whatever is offensive to human dignity Sinful structures/Social sin (participating SA domination of death; and or accomplishing sin) inclined to sin. This 1. By participating directly and inclination is called voluntarily in them "concupiscence." 2. By not disclosing them when we have an obligation to 2. Personal sin 3. By ordering, praising, or advising - This type of sin arises from them the free and deliberate 4. By protecting evil-doers PI choice of an individual to do what is morally evil in the The Protoevangelium (First Gospel) sight of God. This is when a - First Announcement of Redemption man chooses to voluntarily through the Victory of the Woman and willfully disobey the law (Eve, who committed no sin) and of God revealed to us. Her Offspring Two types of Personal Sin 1. Venial sin Lesson Summary - Does not destroy the divine God created the world for Jesus life in the soul Humankind disobeyed God, thus creating original sin and the 2. Mortal sin 13 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 ○ Mary is Thetotokos temptation towards sin. (God-bearing) ○ Given by St. Cyril and St. John of Atioch. LESSON 3 Jesus Incarnation 3. Chalcedon (451 CE) Monophysitism by Eutyches A The Christological Councils ○ Jesus is either a 1. Nicea (325 CE) divine or a human Arianism by Arius nature R ○ Jesus Christ is not completely God, the (Homoiousios) divine, but only similar to Father Tome of Leo the Great ○ Christ’s divinity and humanity are united an unmixed By Pope Leo the SA ○ Homoousios Great and St. Flavian ○ God the Father and Jesus Christ are of the The Ecumenical Councils “same” nature 1. Nicea – taught that the Son is ○ Given by St. consubstantial with the Father. Athanasius and St. Ergo, Christ is God. Hilary 2. Constantinople – taught that Christ, PI while possessing divine substance, 2. Ephesus (431 CE) has a fully rational faculty: the Nestorianism human soul. Ergo, Christ is human. ○ By Nestorius 3. Ephesus – declared that Mary is the ○ Christ is separated Mother of God, of Jesus Christ into 2 people integrally with two natures: human ○ Mary is only and divine. Christotokos 4. Chalcedon – taught that the two (Christ-Bearing) distinct natures were united in the Hypostatic Union one person of Jesus Christ. 14 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 Lessons from the Nativity Was the “new Adam” through God reached out to humankind obedience. through poverty and humility Jesus’ obedience Lessons from the holy family of Nazareth 1. Obedience to the Law of Nature Jesus, Mary, and Joseph symbolize - Human & Experimental the Holy Trinity since Christ is in the Knowledge A middle of their never-ending love. - Used familiar & cultural objects/references to Lessons from St. Joseph illustrate the Kingdom of R A carpenter and a righteous man who raised Jesus and taught Him carpentry They visited the temple of God 3 times a year - God. Went through the phases of physical development. & cognitive SA At first, he did not approve of Mary 2. Obedience to Parents having a child. But after being - Taught that humility makes visited by the angel Gabriel in a one the greatest in the dream, he agreed to act as His Kingdom of God. father 3. Obedience to the Will of the Lessons from the Blessed Virgin Mary Father PI She committed no sin and was - Spiritual Maturity conceived by the Holy spirit She obeyed the Mosaic Law by offering 2 pigeons instead of a clean Lesson Summary lamb. Since, the lamb of God was Jesus is 100% human and 100% already with her (Jesus) God The “new Eve” who will help bring Him and Mary served as the new salvation to all vessels of salvation The Holy Family acted as the Holy Trinity The Child Jesus 15 | UST SHS STEM SOCIETY PISARA DUNONG  SHS STEM SOCIETY A.Y. 2024-2025 PISARA DUNONG 1ST QUARTER FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH 2 References: PPT Lectures Good job for finishing the reviewer! May God bless you through all your trials