Glossary of Key Terms
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This is a glossary of key terms related to metacognition and cognitive psychology. It defines concepts like metacognition, metacognitive knowledge, and regulation, along with biases like the Better-Than-Average effect. The document is suitable for educational or psychological study.
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**Glossary of Key Terms** - **Metacognition:** \"Thinking about thinking\" or \"knowing about knowing.\" It involves awareness and understanding of one\'s own cognitive processes, including strengths, weaknesses, and strategies. - **Metacognitive Knowledge:** Knowledge about cognit...
**Glossary of Key Terms** - **Metacognition:** \"Thinking about thinking\" or \"knowing about knowing.\" It involves awareness and understanding of one\'s own cognitive processes, including strengths, weaknesses, and strategies. - **Metacognitive Knowledge:** Knowledge about cognition, encompassing **person** variables (knowledge about oneself as a learner), **task** variables (understanding the nature and demands of tasks), and **strategy** variables (awareness of learning strategies and their effectiveness). - **Metacognitive Regulation:** The ability to use metacognitive knowledge to control and adjust cognitive processes, strategies, and behaviors to improve learning and performance. - **Metacognitive Experiences:** Subjective feelings and judgments related to one\'s cognitive processes, such as feelings of knowing, confidence, or confusion. - **Miscalibrated Metacognition:** Inaccuracies in an individual\'s self-assessment of their performance or abilities, often resulting in overconfidence or underconfidence. - **Better-Than-Average Effect:** A cognitive bias where most individuals tend to rate themselves as above average compared to their peers in various abilities, traits, or attributes. - **Dunning-Kruger Effect:** A cognitive bias where individuals with low competence in a particular skill are often unaware of their shortcomings, leading to inflated self-assessments. - **Regression to the Mean:** A statistical phenomenon where extreme scores tend to move closer to the average on subsequent measurements. - **Bayesian \'Shrinkage\':** A statistical approach where estimates are adjusted based on prior knowledge or beliefs. - **First-Order Performance:** The actual performance or ability of an individual on a given task.
