Global Divides: North and the South PDF

GLOBAL DIVIDES: NORTH AND THE SOUTH Prepared by: JIM PAUL G. LASPOBRES  WHAT IS GLOBAL DIVIDES? Defined as the gap between the wealthy industrialized countries and the poor developing countries. The terms Global North and Global South split the world...

GLOBAL DIVIDES: NORTH AND THE SOUTH Prepared by: JIM PAUL G. LASPOBRES  WHAT IS GLOBAL DIVIDES? Defined as the gap between the wealthy industrialized countries and the poor developing countries. The terms Global North and Global South split the world in half both geographically mainly in wealth and development. 10/18/2024 2  THE RICH NORTH& POOR SOUTH 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 3  CAUSE, EFFECTS AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS Global divides have complex causes, including economic disparities, unequal access to resources, geopolitical power imbalances, historical legacies of colonization, and technological gaps. These divides lead to various effects, such as widening income inequality, limited opportunities for marginalized communities, political instability, and challenges in addressing global issues like climate change and public health. Bridging these divides requires collaborative efforts focused on inclusive development, education, and equitable resource distribution. 10/18/2024 4  Generally, Global North includes the countries of United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, New Zealand and developing parts of Asia, while Global South is made up of African, the Caribbean, Latin America, South America and parts of Asia including the Middle East. However, as countries become developed economically, they may become part of the North, regardless of geographical location, in similar with the countries that do not qualify for developed status, are part of South. 10/18/2024 5  GLOBAL NORTH The Global North (comprises one quarter of the world population) refers to developed societies of Europe and North America, which are characterized by established democracy, wealth, technological advancement, political stability, aging population, zero population growth and dominance of world trade and politics. 10/18/2024 6  GLOBAL SOUTH The Global South (are the developing countries) (comprises three quarters of the world population) represents mainly agrarian economies in Africa, India, China, Latin America and others that are not as economically sound and politically stable as their global North counterparts and tend to be characterized by turmoil, war, conflict, poverty, anarchy and tyranny (Odeh, 2010). 10/18/2024 7  TERMS NORTH & SOUTH The terms North and , when used in a global context, are alternative designations for "developed" and "developing" countries. The North-South divide is broadly considered a socio-economic and political divide. The Global North refers to the First World Countries or Developed Countries. The Global South refers to the Third World the Developing Countries. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 8  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NORTH ¼ of the world’s people 4/5 of world’s income Average life expectancy more than 70 years Most people have enough to eat Most people are educated Over 90% of the world’s manufacturing industry About 96% of the world’s spending on research and development. They are implementing policies to reduce carbon footprints, promote renewable energy, and improve sustainability practices. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 9  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SOUTH ¾ of the world’s people 1/5 of world’s income Average life expectancy of 50 years 1/5 or more suffer from hunger and malnutrition ½ of the people have little chance of any education Less than 10% of the world’s manufacturing industry 4% of the world’s research and development. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 10  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 1. Economic Divide Global North The economically advanced nations, such as the United States, Europe, Japan, and Canada, control a large share of the world’s wealth and industrial output. Global South Developing or underdeveloped countries, mostly in Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia, have lower income levels, weaker industrial bases, and greater economic inequality. Global Income Disparity The Global North controls about 4/5 of the world’s income while housing only about ¼ of the world’s population. The Global South, in contrast, has a larger population but less economic control. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 11  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 2. Technological Divide Global North Dominates the world's technological innovation, research, and development, with about 96% of global R&D spending. This region also leads in digital infrastructure, high-speed internet access, and tech-driven economies. Global South Many countries struggle with technological gaps, limited access to digital resources, and inadequate infrastructure, which hinders their development and ability to compete in a tech-driven global economy. Digital literacy is the ability to use information and communication technologies to find, evaluate, create and communicate information, requiring both cognitive and technical skills. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 12  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 2. Technological Divide Five key characteristics of a digitally literate person Possesses the variety of skills – technical and cognitive – required to find, understand, evaluate, create, and communicate digital information in a wide variety of formats Can use diverse technologies appropriately and effectively to retrieve information, interpret results, and judge the quality of that information Understands the relationship between technology, life-long learning, personal privacy, and stewardship of information Uses these skills and the appropriate technology to communicate and collaborate with peers, colleagues, family, and on occasion, the general public Uses these skills to actively participate in civic society and contribute to a vibrant, informed, and engaged community 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 13  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES DIGITAL DIVIDE IN EDUCATION The homework gap is the gulf that exists between students and families that have access to computers and the internet and those who don’t. It is part of the digital divide and can affect a student’s ability to: Complete homework Be academically successful Build the foundation for a successful career Take advantage of economic opportunities 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 14  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES Telehealth Health care services are becoming increasingly digitized, and many services are already delivered online. As that trend increases, health care could become more efficient, less expensive and more effective. If digital equity is not achieved, those positive outcomes will not occur, thus negatively impacting the economic and physical health of communities who lack access to digital technologies. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 15  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 3. Educational and Knowledge Divide Global North High literacy rates and access to quality education systems lead to a highly skilled workforce and opportunities for innovation and research. Most people in these regions receive formal education. Global South Education is often limited by resource constraints, leading to lower literacy rates, fewer opportunities for higher education, and a less skilled workforce. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 16  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 4. Health and Life Expectancy Divide Global North Higher life expectancy, with many countries averaging more than 70 years due to advanced healthcare systems and better access to medical services. Global South Life expectancy tends to be lower due to underfunded healthcare, higher disease rates, malnutrition, and limited access to clean water and sanitation. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 17  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 5. Environmental Divide Global North Historically, countries in the Global North have contributed more to global pollution and carbon emissions, but many are now leading in sustainability and environmental protection efforts. However, they still have a large ecological footprint. Global South Developing countries often bear the brunt of environmental degradation and climate change impacts, even though they contribute far less to global carbon emissions. They are also less equipped to deal with the consequences of climate change, such as extreme weather events. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 18  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 6. Political and Power Divide Global North Dominates global political institutions like the United Nations, World Bank, and International Monetary Fund, which shapes global governance and decision-making. Global South While increasingly asserting influence through regional alliances and organizations like BRICS, the Global South still has less power in global decision-making and often faces unequal representation in international forums. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 19  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 7. Social Inequality Divide Global North Generally has more developed social safety nets, including welfare systems, healthcare, and education, which provide a higher standard of living for most citizens. Global South Many countries face high levels of poverty, limited social services, and stark inequalities within their societies, exacerbating social unrest and limiting growth potential. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 20  KEY ASPECTS OF GLOBAL DEVIDES 8. Digital Divide Global North Access to high-speed internet, advanced digital tools, and widespread digital literacy. These countries lead in tech industries and are integrating artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies into their economies. Global South Many parts of the Global South still lack reliable internet access, and there are significant disparities in digital literacy, limiting participation in the digital economy. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 21  THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL DIVIDES ❑ The globalized world faces two contradictory trends. While a globalized markets opens the prospects of unimagined wealth, it also creates new vulnerabilities to political turmoil and the danger of a new gap. ❑ The impact of these new trends on the developing world is profound. In economies driven by a near imperative for the big to acquire the small, companies of developing countries are increasingly being absorbed by American and European multinationals. ❑ While this solves the problem of access to capital, it brings about growing vulnerabilities to domestic political tensions, especially in times of crisis. And within the developing countries, it creates political temptations for attacks on the entire system of globalization. ❑ The typical developing country’s economy bifurcates: one set of enterprises is integrated into the global economy, mostly owned by international corporation. The rest, cut off from globalization, employs much of the labor force at the lowest wages and with the bleakest social prospects. In the process, bridging further gap 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 22  THE IMPACT OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC TO GLOBAL DIVIDES ❑ 1. Exacerbation of Existing Inequalities ❑ 2. Education Disruption ❑ 3. Impact on Remote Work ❑ 4. Healthcare Access and Telemedicine ❑ 5. Economic Inequality ❑ 6. Government Services and Social Safety Nets ❑ 7. Accelerated Technological Adaptation 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 23  THE IMPACT ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO GLOBAL DIVIDES ❑ 1. Technological Leadership and Innovation Gap ❑ 2. Economic Opportunities and Job Displacement ❑ 3. Digital Infrastructure and Access ❑ 4. Control Over Data and Resources ❑ 5. Education and Skills Gap ❑ 6. Geopolitical Power and Influence ❑ 7. AI and Social Inequality 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 24  IN THE PHILIPPINES The National AI Roadmap 2.0 and the establishment of CAIR (Center for AI Research) represent significant initiatives aimed at advancing AI innovation in the Philippines, positioning the country to harness the potential of artificial intelligence for economic growth, digital transformation, and global competitiveness. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 25  THE NATIONAL AI ROADMAP 2.0 It is an updated strategic framework designed to strengthen the AI ecosystem in the Philippines. Building on the original roadmap, this version seeks to accelerate the country's adoption of AI across multiple sectors, including agriculture, healthcare, education, manufacturing, and government services. Its core objectives include: 1. Developing AI Talent and Skills The roadmap emphasizes the need for a robust education system that cultivates AI talent through STEM programs, research and development initiatives, and AI-focused training for students and professionals. The goal is to create a skilled workforce capable of developing and deploying AI solutions. 2. Building Digital Infrastructure AI requires substantial computing power, data resources, and reliable internet infrastructure. The roadmap seeks to improve the Philippines' digital infrastructure to support AI innovation, including investments in cloud computing, data centers, and connectivity in rural areas. 3. Promoting AI in Key Industrie The roadmap identifies priority sectors where AI can drive productivity and innovation. In agriculture, for example, AI can optimize crop yields through precision farming, while in healthcare, AI could enhance diagnostics and patient care. The roadmap also encourages AI adoption in manufacturing and government to improve efficiency. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 26  THE NATIONAL AI ROADMAP 2.0 4. Ethical AI and Data Governance National AI Roadmap 2.0 emphasizes the importance of developing AI systems that are ethical, transparent, and inclusive. The roadmap advocates for responsible AI development, ensuring that AI technologies respect privacy, avoid bias, and promote social equity. 5. International Collaboration To maintain competitiveness in the global AI landscape, the roadmap encourages collaboration with international AI research institutions and tech companies. This includes forming partnerships for joint research, knowledge sharing, and participation in global AI policy forums. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 27  CENTER FOR AI RESEARCH (CAIR) CAIR serves as the Philippines' premier research hub dedicated to advancing AI research and innovation. Established through partnerships between academic institutions, government agencies, and private sector stakeholders, CAIR aims to create cutting-edge AI technologies tailored to the local context. Key roles of CAIR include: 1. AI Research and Development CAIR focuses on developing AI solutions that address local and national challenges. Research areas include natural language processing (NLP) for Filipino languages, AI applications in disaster management, and smart city technologies to improve urban planning and services. 2. Collaborative Innovation CAIR facilitates collaboration among universities, tech companies, and government agencies to foster innovation. This includes joint research projects, incubation of AI startups, and development of AI applications for public services, such as education, healthcare, and transportation. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 28  CENTER FOR AI RESEARCH (CAIR) 3. Capacity Building and AI Education CAIR is instrumental in nurturing AI talent by providing training programs, workshops, and educational resources to students, professionals, and researchers. It also supports Ph.D. candidates and AI-focused research grants to advance academic knowledge in AI technologies. 4. Promoting AI Policy and Ethics As AI adoption grows, CAIR plays a key role in shaping AI-related policies and ethical guidelines in the Philippines. This includes advocating for policies that promote responsible AI usage and ensuring that AI-driven technologies align with national development goals and respect human rights. 5. AI in Governance and Public Services CAIR works closely with the government to apply AI in governance, including improving the delivery of public services through AI-driven automation, data analytics, and decision-making tools. This could lead to more efficient processes in areas like tax collection, social services distribution, and urban management. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 29  CLOSING THE GAP ❑ The north-south divide is criticized for being a way of separating people along economic lines and is seen as a factor of the widening gap between developed and developing economies. However, several measures have been put in the place to contract the north-south divide including the lobbying for international free trade and globalization. ❑ The united nations has developed a program dedicated for narrowing the divide through its millennium development goals. This includes improving education and health care, promoting gender equality, and ensuring environmental sustainability. 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 30  SOURCES: https://www.slideshare.net/wildbush/global-divides/ 10/18/2024 PRESENTATION TITLE 31  THANK YOU JIM PAUL G. LASPOBRES [email protected]