HIST 106 Lecture 3 Plated in Gold, the Gilded Age PDF

PLATED IN GOLD: THE GUILDED AGE part 1 HIST 106 515 23 AUGUST, 2024  INDUSTRIALIZATION IN EUROPE Happening at the same time as Reconstruction and wars out west Advancements in Europe -second industrial revolution -Be...

PLATED IN GOLD: THE GUILDED AGE part 1 HIST 106 515 23 AUGUST, 2024  INDUSTRIALIZATION IN EUROPE Happening at the same time as Reconstruction and wars out west Advancements in Europe -second industrial revolution -Bessemer Process, 1856- separate metals quickly, revolutionizes Europe and US -Pasteur and disease research, 1879- vaccines for rabies, TB(killed 1/4 ppl in world), found mold is bad for food -Werner von Siemens, 1867, first electrical generator, world’s producer of electrical power, ppl can work longer Bessemer Process bc not limited to sun, trains and travel, etc. -Benz Patent-Motorwagen, 1886-1st proper car, 10mi/hr -Rudolph Diesel- diesel gasoline -Michelin Restaurants and Tires- advertised that u can go to these places, many restaurants, w these tires Generator Benz Patent-Motorwagen  NAVAL WARFARE CHANGES FOREVER Civil War naval battles: -March 8, 1862, Confederate vessel CSS Virginia engaged Union wooden tall ships=victory March 9, USS Monitor vs CSS Virginia=stalemate The future of naval battles forever changed armored cruisers and battleships, all Arms race: countries do not want to be left behind CSS Virginia so each build their own iron clad. Power Projection 1892, British Royal Dreadnoughts Navy, translates to fear not Steel production directly changes warfare and Why does this matter? society HMS Ramillies, a dreadnought  INVENTIONS GALORE Thomas Edison -invented the lightbulb -created the american version of the generator -first motion picture camera -pen that copies on its own -responsible for 1093 patents Skyscrapers -first skyscraper built in Chicago, 1885, the home ins building The Home Insurance Building Alexander Graham Bell 1876, invents the telephone, later AT&T 1899, wireless radio, on top of the eiffel tower, the Guglielmo Marconi taller the radio tower the wider it can reach, hobbies, photography and music Thomas Edison  RAILROADS Railroads needed to bring western resources eastward The Transcontinental Railroad, 1863-1869 -union pacific (red line) -central pacific (blue line) 20,000 laborers German, irish, italian, chinese, immigrants + Afro. American, Native Amer. -chinese were given the hardest jobs Dangerous working conditions and only paid $1 -Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882-10 yr ban from chinese immigrating, white ppl thought that they would ruin the ethnic makeup Completed May 10, 1868 -can travel from coast to coast in 5 days, frontier closed Chinese laborers  THE RISE OF CORPORATIONS Taylorism: the scientific process of manufacturing -Breaking a product up into individual tasks=faster production -By 1900, US top manufacturer in the world Corporations completely unregulated. Why? -John Locke: gov. shouldn’t interfere in the business -Adam Smith: laissez faire, individual interests will regulate/stimulate the economy, father of modern economics Factory workers -would buy up smaller businesses so, less competition Monopoly: where one corporation controls a specific industry The richest Americans: Captains of Industry? Or Robber Barons? JP Morgan, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Andrew Carnegie, JD Rockerfeller  THE RISE OF CORPORATIONS Rockefeller’s Standard Oil monopoly -bought up competing oil companies, eliminating the competition, buying out every similar industry -horizontal Carnegie Steel monopoly -owned every step of steel production Vertical Social Darwinism: survival of the fittest Standard Oil  PHILANTHROPY Andrew Carnegie -worth $372 million-gave away 350 million The Gospel of Wealth, man has two responsibilities -work and get rich, then give your money back to society -carnegie libraries and institutions all around the world Andrew Carnegie Carnegie Hall today Carnegie Library, Pittsburg Carnegie and other philanthropists seen as embodiment of the American Dream!