GenChem1_Module1-6-11 (General Chemistry) PDF

Jumpstart Lesson Properties of Matter 1 You often use the properties of a substance to identify it. Properties refers to the distinguishing characteristics to identify a certain material. The properties of matter can be grouped into...

Jumpstart Lesson Properties of Matter 1 You often use the properties of a substance to identify it. Properties refers to the distinguishing characteristics to identify a certain material. The properties of matter can be grouped into two general categories: Physical property can be measured and observed without changing the composition or identity of a substance. This property is further classified into intensive and extensive properties. Intensive properties are those properties that are not dependent on the amount of matter, rather they are dependent on the kind or quality of matter. Examples are texture, color, odor, hardness and density, boiling point, electrical conductivity, and solubility. The extensive properties of matter are those that depend so much on the amount or quantity of matter. Examples are volume, mass, length, and area. Chemical Properties are those that result in change in the composition, thus a new substance is produced. Examples are flammability and reactivity. Activity 1. Pre-Test Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer and write in ¼ sheet of paper. 1. All matter has physical and chemical properties. Which of these describes a chemical property? A. Boiling point C. Electrical conductivity B. Flexibility D. Reactivity with water 2. What property can be observed without changing the composition of the substance? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 3. What property depends upon the amount of substance? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 4. What property can be observed when a substance is reacting with something else? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 5. What characteristic does NOT depend upon the amount of a substance? A. Chemical property C. Intensive property B. Extensive property D. Physical property 2 LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1  Discover Physical Property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. All of the senses can be used to observe physical properties: 1. Color describes the physical appearance (how it looks) of the substance like a red apple. 2. Texture describes how it feels like smooth, hard, and rough. 3. Mass refers to the total quantity of matter present in an object like 100g of meat. 4. Volume is the measure of the amount of space occupied by an object. Volume is a three-dimensional measure and involves unit that have been cubed such as ft3, in3, cm3, m3, etc. The formulas for calculating the volume of various three-dimensional shapes are: Figures Formula Cube Volume= side x side x side Rectangular solid Volume= length x width x height Cylinder Volume =πr2h Sphere Volume= 4/3πr3 Example: A student recorded the following measurements of a rectangular wood: length = 9.3 cm; Width = 3.2 cm and height 1.3 cm; Mass of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its volume? V= L x W X H = 9.3 cm x 3.2 cm x1.3 cm =38.688 cm3 5. Electrical Conductivity is a measure of how well electric currents move through a substance. 6. Thermal Conductivity is the rate at which a substance transfers heat. Example, if you make your coffee in the morning as you stir the coffee with the metal spoon you notice that the spoon gets warm. The water has the higher temperature than the spoon, thus heat is transferred to the spoon. The spoon which is a metal has the property to conduct heat and this property can be used to identify a metal from non-metal. 7. Density is the measure of the amount of mass in a given amount of volume. It can be calculated using the formula D= Mass/Volume. Just like water the density of water is 1 g/cc so you can use it to identify it from other substance. Example: A student recorded the following measurements of a rectangular wood: length = 9.3 cm; Width = 3.2 cm and height 1.3 cm; Mass of the wood is 57.61 g. What is its density? D= Mass/Volume = 57.61 g/38.688 cm3 = 1.489 g/cm3. 8. Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. Example coffee granules dissolves in water. Their solubility property can be used to separate them from other substances like mixture of sand and sugar. 9. Malleability is the ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into various shapes like aluminum, gold and iron. 10. Magnetic attraction can be observed when a metal attracts other metals 3 LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1  Some substances are attracted to magnets, but others are not. You can use a magnet to pick up a paper clip but not a wooden match. The elements iron, cobalt, and nickel are magnetic—meaning they respond to magnets— but copper, aluminum, and zinc are not. Steel, which contains iron, is also magnetic. Their metallic property can identify if the substance is a metal or a non-metal. 11. Heating properties like melting point and boiling point of a substance. Melting point is the temperature at which it changes from solid to liquid just like ice to liquid, its melting point is 1oC. Boiling point is the point at which the substance boils. Water boils at 100 OC at sea level. You can separate mixtures through evaporation process like the salt solution. Chemical Property describes the ability of a substance to change the chemical composition, thus forms a new substance. 1. Flammability is the ability of the substance to burn like wood, paper, and the like. 2. Reactivity is the ability of substance to interact with another substance and forms one or more new substances, just like rusting of an iron nail, when a clean piece of iron reacts with oxygen in moist air rust is formed and rust is the new product there with a chemical formula of Fe2O3 (iron (III) oxide). Here are some enrichment activities for you to strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson Explore List all the properties/characteristics you observe in jewelries like earrings, ring, necklace, bracelet, wristwatch. Sort the properties you listed and identify as physical or chemical property Materials Physical or Chemical Properties 4 LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1  Deepen At this point, make a mind mapping of using properties of matter in identifying substances. Use separate bond paper. A mind map is a graphical way to signify ideas and concepts. It is a visual thinking tool that helps arranging and organizing information, helping you to better comprehend, analyze, and synthesize, recall, and remember new ideas. Place you output in A4 bond paper. Rubrics for Mind Mapping Output 5 4 3 2 Neatness The mind map The mind map The mind The mind and was well was well map was map was not Presentation presented and all presented and mostly well neat enough the information most of the presented to is easy to information is but some of understand. understand. easy to the understand. information was difficult to understand. Use Images/ Most categories Some categories A few The map Symbols are enhanced are enhanced categories includes with simple with simple are enhanced some images. symbols or symbols or with simple diagrams. diagrams. symbols or diagrams. Has included Has included Has included Has used color to show all color to some color in very little connections demonstrate the mind color in the and/or to Some map but has mind map categorize topics connections and not used and has not throughout the or topics color to used color to mind map. throughout the categorize categorize mind map. throughout throughout the mind map. the mind map. Understanding The mind map The mind map The mind The mind demonstrates a demonstrates a map map thorough very good demonstrates demonstrates understanding of understanding s some s little the lesson. of the lesson. understanding understanding ng of the ng of the lesson. lesson. 5 LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1  Target Chemistry is said to be a subject mostly comprising of reactions along with formulas. We come across various chemical substances in our daily life. Some of the substances we use in our house such as the staples, medicines present in the medicine cabinet comprise chemical substances. All these chemicals are bound up with atoms in a fixed proportion and these are arranged in a certain way. So, to figure out what kind of proportions are these and their arrangement within the substance, the chemical formula is more needed. The different combinations of building blocks of matter known as elements, form what we call compounds. Compound is a substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions. They are represented with symbols known as chemical formulae. Before going on, check how familiar you are with the substances you are using and how much you know about this topic. Answer the given activity below. Jumpstart Lesson Formula of Common Substances 1.1 Direction: Classify the following common substances as to element or compound and write the formula beside their name. Use separate sheet of paper. Table 1. Common Substances Table sugar, table salt, distilled water, oxygen gas in tank, baking soda, ethyl alcohol, vinegar, and hydrogen gas Table 2 Elements Compound 6 LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1  Discover The table shows the chemical formula of common substances Common Name Chemical Name Chemical Formula baking soda Sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3 or Sodium bicarbonate baking powder table sugar Sucrose C12H22O11 salt, table Sodium chloride NaCl bleach (liquid) Sodium hypochlorite or NaClO Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 bleach (solid) Sodium perborate NaBO3 Borax Sodium tetraborate decahydrate Na2B4O7.10 H2O brimstone Sulfur S cream of tartar Potassium hydrogen tartrate KHC4H4O6 Epsom salt Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate MgSO4.7 H2O grain alcohol Ethanol C2H5OH Graphite Carbon C Gypsum Calcium sulfate dehydrate CaSO4.2 H2O laughing gas Dinitrogen oxide/Nitrous oxide N2O Lime Calcium oxide CaO limestone Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Lye Sodium hydroxide NaOH milk of magnesia Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 muriatic acid Hydrochloric acid HCl oil of vitriol Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Potash Potassium carbonate K2CO3 Quartz Silicon dioxide SiO2 rubbing alcohol Isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH sal ammoniac Ammonium chloride NH4Cl Salt Sodium chloride NaCl Sugar Sucrose C12H22O11 Here are some enrichment activities for you to strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this lesson 7 LU_Q1_General Chemistry 1_Module1