Properties of Matter - Lesson Quiz

Properties of Matter

• Matter's properties are distinguishing characteristics used for identification.
• Properties are categorized into two main types: Physical properties and Chemical properties.

Physical Properties

• Definition: Observable characteristics without altering the substance's identity.
• Categories:
  • Intensive Properties: Independent of the amount of matter; examples include:
    • Texture
    • Color
    • Odor
    • Hardness
    • Density
    • Boiling point
    • Electrical conductivity
    • Solubility
  • Extensive Properties: Dependent on amount or quantity; examples include:
    • Volume
    • Mass
    • Length
    • Area

Measurement and Calculation

• Volume Formulas:

  • Cube: ( \text{Volume} = \text{side} \times \text{side} \times \text{side} )
  • Rectangular solid: ( \text{Volume} = \text{length} \times \text{width} \times \text{height} )
  • Cylinder: ( \text{Volume} = \pi r^2 h )
  • Sphere: ( \text{Volume} = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3 )

• Density Calculation:

  • Density = Mass/Volume.
  • Example density calculation from a rectangular wood:
    • Mass = 57.61g, Volume = 38.688 cm³, Density = 1.489 g/cm³.

Additional Physical Properties

• Electrical Conductivity: Measure of how well electric currents pass through.
• Thermal Conductivity: Rate of heat transfer through a substance.
• Solubility: Ability of a substance to dissolve in another.
• Malleability: Ability to be shaped or rolled into different forms.
• Magnetic Attraction: Property where metals like iron, cobalt, and nickel attract magnets.
• Heating Properties:
  • Melting point (e.g., ice melts at 0°C).
  • Boiling point (e.g., water boils at 100°C at sea level).

Chemical Properties

• Definition: Involve changes in chemical composition, producing new substances.
• Examples:
  • Flammability: Ability to burn (e.g., wood, paper).
  • Reactivity: Ability to interact with other substances (e.g., rust formation from iron).

Compounds and Chemical Formulas

• Compounds: Substances made from two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.
• Common Compounds and their Formulas:
  • Baking soda: NaHCO₃
  • Table sugar: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
  • Table salt: NaCl
  • Vinegar: CH₃COOH

Formulas of Common Substances

• Knowledge of chemical formulas is crucial for identifying substances used in daily life.
• Different combinations of elements form compounds, often represented with chemical formulas.

These notes summarize the essential aspects of matter's properties, providing a foundational understanding for further study in chemistry.