Questions and Answers
Which of these describes a chemical property?
What property can be observed without changing the composition of the substance?
What property depends upon the amount of substance?
What property can be observed when a substance is reacting with something else?
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What characteristic does NOT depend upon the amount of a substance?
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What is the formula for calculating the volume of a cube?
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What is the density of a substance if its mass is 57.61 g and its volume is 38.688 cm³?
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Match the following properties of matter with their descriptions:
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What is a compound?
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
- Matter's properties are distinguishing characteristics used for identification.
- Properties are categorized into two main types: Physical properties and Chemical properties.
Physical Properties
- Definition: Observable characteristics without altering the substance's identity.
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Categories:
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Intensive Properties: Independent of the amount of matter; examples include:
- Texture
- Color
- Odor
- Hardness
- Density
- Boiling point
- Electrical conductivity
- Solubility
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Extensive Properties: Dependent on amount or quantity; examples include:
- Volume
- Mass
- Length
- Area
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Intensive Properties: Independent of the amount of matter; examples include:
Measurement and Calculation
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Volume Formulas:
- Cube: ( \text{Volume} = \text{side} \times \text{side} \times \text{side} )
- Rectangular solid: ( \text{Volume} = \text{length} \times \text{width} \times \text{height} )
- Cylinder: ( \text{Volume} = \pi r^2 h )
- Sphere: ( \text{Volume} = \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3 )
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Density Calculation:
- Density = Mass/Volume.
- Example density calculation from a rectangular wood:
- Mass = 57.61g, Volume = 38.688 cm³, Density = 1.489 g/cm³.
Additional Physical Properties
- Electrical Conductivity: Measure of how well electric currents pass through.
- Thermal Conductivity: Rate of heat transfer through a substance.
- Solubility: Ability of a substance to dissolve in another.
- Malleability: Ability to be shaped or rolled into different forms.
- Magnetic Attraction: Property where metals like iron, cobalt, and nickel attract magnets.
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Heating Properties:
- Melting point (e.g., ice melts at 0°C).
- Boiling point (e.g., water boils at 100°C at sea level).
Chemical Properties
- Definition: Involve changes in chemical composition, producing new substances.
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Examples:
- Flammability: Ability to burn (e.g., wood, paper).
- Reactivity: Ability to interact with other substances (e.g., rust formation from iron).
Compounds and Chemical Formulas
- Compounds: Substances made from two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions.
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Common Compounds and their Formulas:
- Baking soda: NaHCO₃
- Table sugar: C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
- Table salt: NaCl
- Vinegar: CH₃COOH
Formulas of Common Substances
- Knowledge of chemical formulas is crucial for identifying substances used in daily life.
- Different combinations of elements form compounds, often represented with chemical formulas.
These notes summarize the essential aspects of matter's properties, providing a foundational understanding for further study in chemistry.
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Description
Test your understanding of the properties of matter in this quiz. Explore the distinction between physical and chemical properties, and learn how these properties help identify substances. Dive into the classifications of intensive and extensive properties.
