GEN 004 Readings in Philippine History Module #6 PDF

GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: _______________________________________________...

GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ Lesson title: Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan by Emilio Materials: Aguinaldo SAS References: Learning Targets: Martinez, R., Bumidang, J., Tayaban, D., At the end of the module, students will be able to: Battung, J., Fragata, R.D., Viloria, M., 1. Assess the characteristics of Aguinaldo's leadership Dulay, M. & Cristobal, J. (2018). The through summarizing the important events in his memoir. readings in Philippine History 2. Explain the importance of Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan to the https://jfk.artifacts.archives.gov/people/73 grand narrative of the Philippine History 65/general-emilio-aguinaldo Asuncion, Nestor., Cruz, GR., (2022). Readings in Philippine History A. CONNECT Hello, PHINMA students! How are you? Are you excited to learn something new today? Last meeting, we discussed the key principles and teachings of the "Kartilya ng Katipunan," including its ethical guidelines. It emphasizes the importance of patriotism and dedication to the Philippine nation and provides an ethical framework for the struggle, emphasizing the importance of righteousness and integrity.Today, we will discuss Aguinaldo's memoirs to understand cultural insights about the Philippine Revolution and the early years of Philippine independence. But before that let us take a trip down the memory lane. Can you share your study tips? List down all your independent learning study tips below. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ To help you learn better, remember: Work with the SAS in sequence. Our SAS activities were designed so that each task will help you learn more effectively. Do all the tasks. Working on all the tasks will help you learn more. If there are changes to the tasks, your teacher will tell you. Read the instructions carefully. Ask your teacher or your classmates if you have questions about the tasks. Let’s start learning! A.1 Lesson Preview/Review Activity 1. Contemplation (10 minutes) Imagine yourself transported back in time to the Philippines in the late 19th century. A revolution is brewing, and you have the chance to meet Emilio Aguinaldo, a key figure in the fight for independence from Spain. He's just written a book called "Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan," which translates to "Memoirs of the Revolution." Question: What would you be most curious to ask Emilio Aguinaldo about his experiences during the Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ revolution? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ B. COACH B.1 Content Notes (30 minutes) To help you understand what you read, we will use the comprehension strategy of summarizing and generalizing ideas in finding the salient points of the content. How do we summarize the readings? Explore the steps with me! ✅Step 1: Read the content notes and underline important phrases and sentences. First, I will read the content notes titled, “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan by Emilio Aguinaldo''. As I read, I will underline what I think the important ideas are. Since this is your first time employing this strategy to this course I will show you how to do it. You will notice some underline phrases or sentences. Those phrases or sentences are the salient information that can be used in summarizing the whole text or content of the lesson. Memoir of the Revolution by Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino leader Emilio Aguinaldo led his country to achieve independence after fighting off both the Spanish and the Americans. Emilio Aguinaldo was born on March 22, 1869, in Kawit, Cavite, Philippines. In 1898, he achieved independence of the Philippines from Spain and was elected the first president of the new republic under the Malolos Congress. He also led the Philippine-American War against U.S. resistance to Philippine independence. Aguinaldo died of a heart attack on February 6, 1964, in Quezon City, Philippines. Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ My Elections to the Presidency WHILE I was busy supervising the building of our defenses at Pasong Santol in Dasmariñas, a group of cavalry soldiers headed by Colonel Vicente Riego de Dios of Magdiwang Council arrived to tell me that I had been elected the head of the government as a result of the Magdiwang and the Magdalo factions. The fallowing is their narration of the results of the national meeting presided over by Supremo Andres Bonifaci. In the election for the President of the Revolutionary Government, Andres Bonifacio and Emilio Aguinaldo do were nominated. Emilio Aguinaldo won. For the Vice-President, Andres Bonifacio was again nominated, but his own Minister of Justice, Gen. Mariano Trias, defeated him. For the position of Captain General, Captain General Santiago Alvarez and General Artemio Ricarte were nominated. General Ricarte won, but he objected on the ground that he thought he was not capable. However, his objection was overruled and he was not capable. However, his objection was overruled and he was proclaimed shortly after. For Secretary of War, Andres Bonifacio was nominated for the third time, but General Emiliano Riego de Dios beat him. For Secretary of Interior, Bonifacio was again nominated. His opponents were Ministers Diego Mojica and Severino de las Alas. This time he won and everybody began congratulating him. But General Daniel Tirona objected to his election on the ground that Bonifacio was not a lawyer and proposed that the position be given instead to Jose del Rosario, a lawyer from Tanza. Although the motion was not seconded and therefore was invalid, Andres Bonifacio stood up and said, “Did we not agree from the beginning that whoever among us was elected in this meeting will be recognized and respected by everybody?” “Yes, sir,” the assembly agreed “Then,” he continued, “Why is it that when I won, there was an objection?” “Nobody seconded the motion,” reminded the group. The Supremo was visibly angry; he pulled out his revolver and aimed at General Tirona. Had it not been for the timely intervention of Secretary Jacinto Lumbreras and General Ricarte, General Tirona could not have been saved. Tirona disappeared in the throng. Although after this incident, order had been restored in the meeting, nevertheless in his bitter disappointment and anger, the Supremo stood up and declared, “By virtue of my being head of this national meeting, I declare this election null and void.” Then he started to leave. Confusion reigned for a while. Thereupon, Colonel Santiago Rillo, delegate from Batangas, stood up and shouted that the Supremo need not go for he had been proclaimed Secretary of Interior. Moreover, the motion of General Tirona was not valid since it was not seconded. The Supremo left and proceeded to Malabon. Delegate Rillo turned to the assembly and asked them if they wanted to continue the meeting. He Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ would act as the presiding officer. The crowd consented, so the meeting was resumed. The delegates then reiterated their respect for the elected officials and appointed a commission headed by Colonel Vicente Riego de Dios to apprise General Emilio Aguinaldo of his election as President of the new Revolutionary government and to fetch him immediately so he could take his oath of office. The meeting was temporarily adjourned while they waited anxiously the appearance of General Emilio Aguinaldo. After this story of Colonel Vicente Riego de Dios, I said: I am very happy that at last the two factions are united. This was the suggestion of General Baldomero Aguinaldo on December 28, 1896, but since the Magdiwang faction did not want to elect the head of the revolutionary Government, but rather to appoint Supremo Andres Bonifacio to this position, nothing was accomplished. I am indeed grateful that the Supremo had changed his mind, hence this election. I thank you for having elected me to this position, and I hope that with God’s help and your help we shall succeed. I believe this union is rather late because our enemy has already defeated us and right now the towns of Silang and Dasmariñas are in the hands of the enemy. I am sorry, however, that I cannot grant your request to take me with you. How can I leave now when we are actually facing the enemy? Ten thousand armed men are coming towards us. I am sorry, but my personal interests can never go above those of the Mother Country. As the commission was greatly disappointed, it left without a single word. Then at two o’clock in the afternoon, more cavalry men headed by General Crispulo Aguinaldo, my eldest brother, arrived. As head of the delegation he addressed me thus: My dear President and brother: I know that you are in a dilemma regarding these two great problems in our country. You have to choose between remaining here to defend this section of the country and that of taking your oath of office as head of the Revolutionary Government. But if you will heed my advice, I shall ask you to respond to the call of the Revolutionary Government by taking the oath of office. The people await you anxiously and your acceptance will strengthen greatly our bid for freedom. I was requested to fetch you and I promised the assembly that I will do my best to persuade you to go and entrust your job here to me. I will do my best to thwart the attempt of the enemy to penetrate our defenses. It can do this only over my dead body. So, my dear brother, please go with these men and leave your troops under my care. I must remind you that you were elected on March 22, your birthday, which seems to point that it is God’s will that you lead this struggle for freedom for our Motherland. I was persuaded, so I left the troops under my brother’s care and proceeded to the assembly at the house on the hacienda in Tejeros. When we arrived, we found the house closed because the Supremo did Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ not want us to use it. We were advised to move the assembly either to the convent of Tanza or Santa Cruz, Malabon, upon the invitation of Father Cennon Fernandez. We went to Tanza where we were warmly received. I was greeted by Colonel Rillo on behalf of the assembly, followed by the Vice-President, General Mariano Trias, and the secretary of war, General Emiliano Riego de Dios. The only one absent was General Artemio Ricarte who, according to the news received, was afraid of the Supremo. At about seven o’ clock in the evening before a crucifix, General Mariano Trias, General Emiliano Riego de Dios, and I took our oaths of office, one after the other. Colonel Santiago Rillo, head of the national meeting, presided over the ceremonies. At about ten o’ clock that night, General Ricarte arrived. But he refused to take his oath of office until Secretary Riego de Dios somehow persuaded him. So amidst the joy and shouting of all those present, General Ricarte was sworn in. After the oath-taking rites that same evening, I called my companions – General Mariano Trias and Riego de Dios – and General Artemio Ricarte to a meeting. I told them of the need for the Lieutenant-in-command in every town not actually in battle to come to Tanza and help General Crispulo Aguinaldo in Pasong Santol. I had barely made this suggestion when General Artemio Ricarte stood up and said he was feeling dizzy. So he went out without biding goodbye. I was amazed at such behavior from a general of our army! However, I did mind it. The two other generals gave me all the support I needed and followed my suggestions. That night dispatches were sent to all the troops of the Magdiwang group. At ten o’ clock of the next morning, March 23, I was very happy to see a battalion under the command of Major Andres Villanueva from Naic responds to our request. So I sent Lieutenant Villanueva and his men immediately to General Crispulo Aguinaldo. It was noon of March 24 when I Received news at Tanza that the Supremo and his ministers, including General Artemio Ricarte, met in council on the morning of march23 and passed a resolution declaring null and void the general meeting held on March 22 in Tejeros, Malabon. Instead of going after Bonifacio and his cohorts since I had the power to do so, I chose to ignore them. I patiently accepted this difficult situation so that petty jealousies and recriminations of brother against brother be stopped. After all, one by one, troops from Ternate, Maragondon, Magallanes, and other towns arrived. I sent them all to Pasong Santol to join the forces of General Crispulo Aguinaldo. But what a bitter disappointment and sorrow we had when we learned that our troops bound for Pasong Santol were all intercepted by General Ricarte, upon orders of the Supremo. They were gathered at the big yard of Mrs. Estefania Potente in Malabon where the Supremo ordered them to wait for the enemy. They were also instructed to kidnap me on my way to Imus. When I learned about this plot, I heaved I sigh and said, “Our Revolution is bound to fail because of the selfishness and vindictiveness of one person.” Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ General Trias suggested that I order the arrest of the traitors. On the night of March 25, like a thunderbolt, the news came that Pasong Santol had been taken by the enemy and the Spanish flag raised in victory, but only after General Crispulo Aguinaldo, my brother died fighting as he had vowed. To my mind, such a disaster could have been averted had not Andres Bonifacio asked General Artemio Ricarte to intercept our reinforcement to Pasong Santol. This is a black spot of the history of our struggle for independence which I can never forget. Death of the Bonifacio Brothers AFTER a detailed and careful trial by the military court composed of seven members headed by General Mariano Noriel, the two Bonifacio brothers were found guilty of disloyalty to and treachery against the revolutionary Government as well as the sedition and rebellion. Having established their guilt beyond reasonable doubt, the court unanimously imposed the death sentence on them. The decision was referred to me as head of Revolutionary Government and military commander. When I learned of the decision, pity for two former comrades seized my heart. In this connection, I have to mention here that ever since my early childhood, and even in school, I never had any enemy. I never thought that in that in this struggle against Spain, I would have an enemy and a Filipino at that! By virtue of my power as head of the revolutionary movement, I ordered Colonel Pedro Lipana, the presiding judge, to ask the military court to relax the penalty on the brothers. My reasons were pity, my desire to preserve the unity of the Filipinos and, above all because I did not want to shed the blood of other revolutionists. I therefore suggested that the brothers be banished to Pico de Loro, a mountain quite far but still within Cavite. Upon learning of my wish, Generals Pio del Pilar and Mariano Noriel rushed back to me. “Our dear general,” General Pio del Pilar began, “the crimes committed by the two brothers, Andres and Procopio, are of common knowledge, If you want to live a little longer and continue the task that you have so nobly begun, and if you want peace and order in our Revolutionary Government, do not show them any mercy. Recall your order because what these two brother had committed treachery to our country. By means of an anonymous letter, we are led astray so that we agreed to put your government down and establish a new one. It was a good thing you can upon us in that secret meeting at the hacienda, otherwise, you and I would not be alive today. They named the commanding general of the revolutionary forces and left everything in my hands to bind the two armies by whatever means. We further agreed that should anyone found guilty of treason, he should be given capital punishment. This we swore to follow till death.” “I took the same oath,” interrupted General Mariano Noriel. “If you want the goal of Revolution to be fulfilled, and if you wish to live some more years, don’ show mercy on the brothers, because their main aim is to liquidate you by all means. I think the military court was right in giving them capital punishment.” And they added, “General, if you will allow Andres Bonifacio to leave, the cause of the revolution will be in danger. We cannot afford to be divided, especially in these critical moments.” Besides these two generals Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ many people, most of them former followers of Andres Bonifacio came to me to dissuade me from my decision of relaxing the sentence on them. Because of their explanations and requests, plus the strong evidence to prove their criminal acts. I rescinded my order. Thereupon, General Mariano Noriel ordered major Lazaro Macapagal to bring with him a squad of soldiers to fetch the prisoners and carry out the punishment originally imposed by the military court. Very early on the morning of May 10, 1897, Major Macapagal and his men took the prisoners to Mount Tala where they were shot. As I was busy leading the fight against the enemy in Maragondon, I did not learn of the execution of the Bonifacio brothers until days later. Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ ✅Step 2: Organize your thoughts then summarize the text you have read. I will ask myself - “What is the most important thing here? What is the author trying to tell me?” - That will give me the core information.I will ask myself - “What helps me understand that?” - That will give me the information that will support the identified core information. These sentences give examples, facts, or reasons that help explain the main idea. Look what I did on how I organize my thoughts then summarize the text I have read. Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ B.2 Skill Building Activity Activity 2. Character Analysis Chart (20 minutes) After reading Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan, summarize the important events mentioned in the readings and assess the characteristics of Aguinaldo's leadership. Follow this format. Event Aguinaldo’s Action Leadership Impact/Outcome (Briefly describe the key (Explain what Aguinaldo Characteristic Shown (Analyze the impact or event or situation) did in response to the (Identify the leadership outcome of Aguinaldo's event) characteristic Aguinaldo's actions. Did it contribute actions demonstrate to the revolution's (e.g., strategic planning, success? Did it create rallying support, challenges?) resolving conflict) Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ C. CHECK C.1 Check for Understanding Activity 3: Decoding (15 minutes) Give three reasons why Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan by Emilio Aguinaldo is important to the grand narrative of Philippine History? Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ D. LESSON CONCLUDE: D.1 Summary / Frequently Asked Questions 1. What is the primary focus of the memoir of the revolution? Answer: The memoir of the revolution primarily focuses on Emilio Aguinaldo's personal experiences and insights during the Philippine Revolution, including his leadership role and the events leading to Philippine independence. 2. How does the Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan by Emilio Aguinaldo contribute to our understanding of Philippine history? Answer: The Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan provides valuable firsthand accounts and insights into the motivations, strategies, and challenges faced by Filipino revolutionaries during their quest for independence, enriching our understanding of Philippine history and the struggle for national identity. 3. How does Emilio Aguinaldo's perspective in his memoir shape our understanding of the Philippine Revolution? Answer: Emilio Aguinaldo's perspective in his memoir offers a unique viewpoint on the Philippine Revolution, as he was a central figure in the events he describes. His firsthand accounts shed light on the political dynamics, military strategies, and personal experiences of the revolutionaries, providing valuable insights into this complex historical period. D.2 Thinking about Learning (15 minutes) To end the session today, kindly answer the questions posted below to sum up your today's learning experience. I am hoping to get an honest answer. 1. The three things that I significantly learned from the readings are __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The three things that are still unclear to me are… __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The three questions that I want to ask about the readings are… __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.  GEN 004: Readings in Philippine History Module #6 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________________________________ Date: ______________ __________________________________________________________________________________ D.3 Glossary of terms Bayonet: A knife attached to the muzzle of a rifle. Bolomen: A large, single-edged knife used in the Philippines for various purposes, including combat. Capital Punishment: The death penalty. Cazadores: Spanish light infantry soldiers. Central Battery: A fortified position with heavy artillery guns. Duds: Shells or bombs that fail to explode. Regiment: A large military unit made up of several battalions. Remington gun: A type of repeating firearm popular in the late 19th century. Sedition: The incitement of rebellion against the established government. Treachery: Betrayal of trust or confidence. Winchester gun: A type of lever-action rifle known for its rapid firing capabilities. Learning Modules by PHINMA Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.