GEN 002 P2 REVIEWER PDF

GEN 002 P2 REVIEWER real self is grounded in reality, reflecting the tangible aspects of our personality and how we LESSON 6 interact with the world aro...

GEN 002 P2 REVIEWER real self is grounded in reality, reflecting the tangible aspects of our personality and how we LESSON 6 interact with the world around us. Carl Rogers was a humanistic psychologist who IDEAL SELF had this assumption that for a person to "grow" he must need an environment that can provide him The ideal self refers to the version of ourselves that with openness and self-disclosure. He believes we aspire to be or believe we should be. It that a person has one basic motive, that is, the comprises the qualities, traits, behaviors, and desire to self-actualize, to reach his highest achievements that we idealize and strive towards. potential and achieve his level of humanness. The ideal self is often influenced by societal norms, Roger believes that a person, to be self-actualized cultural expectations, personal goals, role models, must be in a state of congruence or balance. and aspirations. 1. Openness and Self Disclosure: Rogers believed that for individuals to grow and LESSON 7: Individualistic versus Collectivist Self develop optimally, they need an environment Individualist Self vs. Collectivist Self: A Cultural characterized by openness and self disclosure. This Perspective means that people should feel free to express themselves authentically without fear of judgment Individualist Self (Western Thought or rejection. In such an environment, individuals are encouraged to be honest about their thoughts, - Individualism is a philosophy of life feelings, and experiences, leading to greater self- emphasizing the priority of a person's need awareness and personal understanding. over group, an emphasis on individuality. In Western cultures, such as those in Europe 2. Basic Motive - Self-Actualization: and North America, the individualist self is characterized by a strong emphasis on Self-actualization refers to the process of realizing personal goals, achievements, and one's full potential, talents, and abilities, and autonomy. Individualist Self means liking striving to become the best version of oneself. It to do things on your own and focusing more involves pursuing personal growth, fulfilling on yourself and your family. It's about meaningful goals, and living in a way that aligns wanting to be independent and making your with one's authentic values and aspirations. own choices without too much influence 3. Congruence or Balance: from others. Individuals are encouraged to express their unique identities, pursue Rogers believed that a crucial aspect of self- personal success, and prioritize personal actualization is achieving congruence or fulfillment over group harmony. congruency. This means being in harmony or Independence, self-reliance, and personal alignment between one's real self (who they freedom are highly valued, and there is a currently are) and their ideal self (who they aspire focus on asserting one's rights and to be). When there is congruence, individuals preferences. experience a sense of wholeness, authenticity, and inner peace. They are not torn between conflicting Collectivist Self (Eastern Thought) identities or values but instead live in a way that - Collectivism represents a preference for a tightly reflects their true nature and aspirations. knit social network in which a person can expect REAL SELF their family and other relatives of the social group to look after the min exchange for unquestioned the real self refers to who we truly are, loyalty. The loyalty of the family is highly stressed. encompassing our actual traits, behaviors, Eastern cultures, including those in East Asia, strengths, weaknesses, beliefs, values, and emphasize collectivist self-concepts ,where experiences. it represents our authentic identity individuals prioritize the needs and goals of the shaped by various factors such as upbringing, environment, genetics, and life experiences. the group over personal desires. They value group Think of your physical self and body image as your harmony. physical identity or how you physically exist in the world. It's influenced by things like your genes, Interconnectedness: The collectivist self is how you take care of your body, and even the characterized by a sense of interconnectedness with culture you live in. family, community, and society, where relationships and social harmony are paramount. 1. Genes- Many physical traits, such as eye color, hair color, height, and bone structure, are directly Group Identity: Individuals derive their sense of influenced by your genetic makeup. Genes can self from their roles within the larger social context, influence physical abilities such as athletic such as family, community ,ornation ,rather than performance, coordination, and muscle strength. solely from personal attributes. Genes can also play a role in the development of Key Contrasts: physical disabilities. Certain genetic mutations or abnormalities can lead to conditions such as Focus on the Individual vs.Focus on the Group: muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and congenital Western individualist cultures prioritize individual limb differences, among others. rights, freedoms, and self-expression, while Eastern collectivist cultures prioritize group 2. Self-care- Taking care of oneself has a cohesion, social harmony, and interdependence. significant impact on physical well-being across various dimensions, encompassing aspects such as Independence vs. Interdependence: diet, exercise, sleep, stress management, hygiene, Individualist self- concepts emphasize preventive healthcare, and mental health. independence and autonomy, whereas collectivist self-concepts emphasize interdependence, 3. Culture- Different cultures have varying norms cooperation, and mutual support. and ideals regarding body size, shape, and beauty. These cultural standards can influence individuals' Self-Expression vs. Social Obligation: perceptions of their own bodies and what is In Western cultures, individuals are encouraged to considered acceptable or desirable. express their opinions and pursue personal goals ,while in Eastern cultures, individuals may prioritize social obligations and responsibilities to In the modern world, we are constantly exposed to maintain group harmony. images of stylish women with flawless skin, slender waists, curves, and for men, 6-pack abs or showcasing physiques, all while conforming to LESSON 8: The Physical Self: specific weight standards. The Impact of Culture on Body Image The physical self is all about your body and 1. Cultural Norms- Different cultures have varying what makes you unique physically. It includes norms and ideals. In some parts of the Philippines, things like how tall you are, your body shape, your fair or light skin has long been considered a beauty facial features, how strong you are, and even how ideal in the Philippines, influenced in part by you experience sensations like touch, taste, and historical notions of beauty during colonial periods. smell. Lighter skin tones are often associated with higher Basically, it's everything about your body that you social status and are commonly portrayed as can see, feel, and do. On the other hand, we have desirable in media and advertising. body image. It is a concept related to physical self. 2. Media- Media significantly impacts our body Body image refers to how individuals image by promoting unrealistic beauty standards. perceive, think, and feel about their physical For example, many skincare ads feature models appearance and body. It includes their thoughts, with flawless skin promoting the idea that perfect beliefs, attitudes, and emotions related to their body skin is achievable through their products. These ads size, shape, features, and overall attractiveness. often create unrealistic expectations about what is considered "normal" skin is defined as the extension of our physical self because the possession that we have is 3. The closest to us– family and friends- Negative considered as an external representation of who we comments from family and friends can have a are. Material possessions, such as clothing, significant impact on our body image, as they are accessories, gadgets, and vehicles, are physical often people we trust and look to for validation and objects that we interact with daily. These items can support. reflect our tastes, preferences, and lifestyle choices, acting as tangible representations of our identity Here are some of the negative effects of culture and and personality. society on our body image. There are times when our material self 1. Body Dissatisfaction- Feeling unhappy or serves as our social signifiers. In many societies, displeased with one's body size, shape, or the type and quality of material possessions can be appearance. This dissatisfaction can lead to social indicators of status, wealth, and success. For negative thoughts and emotions about example, owning a luxury car or wearing designer oneself. clothing may signal affluence and social standing. 2. Social Comparison- Comparing one's body Denis Diderot, a French philosopher, came to others, often based on unrealistic beauty up with the Diderot Effect articulated in an essay standards promoted in media and society. entitled “Regrets on Parting with my Old Dressing This can lead to feelings of inadequacy, Gown”. The essay tells Diderot's fictitious account jealousy, or pressure to conform to of being gifted by a friend with a beautiful dressing idealized body images. gown. Happy at first about the new item, he later 3. Eating Disorders- Extreme behaviors on realizes that he has developed a nagging urge to related to food intake and weight control, replace all his material possessions back home, as such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, they suddenly begin to look and feel inferior to the or binge eating disorder. These disorders gown in question. The Diderot Effect suggests that often stem from distorted body image one innocent purchase can unexpectedly spiral into perceptions and can have serious physical an endless cycle of buying more and more related and psychological consequences. items, often because we want everything to match and fit our sense of identity. 4. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)- A mental health disorder characterized by Here’s another example so you can obsessive thoughts about perceived flaws understand Diderot’s Effect better: Have your or defects in one's appearance. Individuals parents, at one point, ever bought something, say with BDD may engage in compulsive an expensive table, from the mall and returned behaviors or seek excessive cosmetic home only to realize how all the furniture in the procedures to "fix" perceived flaws. living room looks so old and dusty in comparison to the new table? Did they immediately go back to 5. Avoidance Behaviors- Avoiding social the mall to buy a new rug and a vase, maybe also a situations, activities, or clothing that may couple of new pillows thrown in for good measure, highlight perceived flaws or trigger to complement the newly-purchased item negative body image thoughts. This avoidance can limit participation in The Diderot Effect, shown in Denis enjoyable activities and contribute to Diderot's essay and the example given, reveals social isolation. something many people do: getting one new thing makes them want more new things. It starts a cycle Module 9: The Economic and Material Self: where they feel like their old stuff isn't good Living in a Material World enough anymore. This makes them buy more stuff to feel better about themselves and show off their status. Material or Economic self NEEDS "Necessity is the mother of consumption” gather for worship and community activities. Religion plays a significant role in shaping - basic survival needs, like food, water, and cultures, traditions, and individual identities shelter. It can also be health-related necessities, like medication or healthcare services, or can also be functional needs, like clothing, transportation, or tools for work. WANTS “not all consumption is driven solely by necessity” - They are not essential for survival but contribute to overall well-being and satisfaction. - pleasure, convenience, social status, self- expression, and various other reasons. Module 10: The Spiritual Self: The Inner Soul The Spiritual Self is who we are at our core. Filipinos believe in multiple souls, as noted by The concept of the spiritual self revolves around Llanes (1956) and cited by Demetrio et al. (2011). the idea of an inner essence or soul that transcends Early Ilokano beliefs mention four souls that the physical body and material world. animate the body: Spirituality encompasses an individual's deep 1. The kararwa, or the main soul contemplation on life's ultimate questions, leading to behaviors aligned with their core values. It -is vital and only leaves after death. It's the involves internal reflections on personal values and Ilokano term for the Christian soul. moral standards, representing one's inner being. Being spiritual means prioritizing love towards 2. The karkarma, or second soul oneself, others, and the world. Spiritual individuals recognize the interconnectedness of all beings and - can leave when frightened or strive to embody kindness and compassion in their stolen if one ventures to isolated areas. Failure to interactions. return can lead to insanity, with ceremonies held to lure it back. It symbolizes natural vigor, energy, and reason. It is the counterpart of psyche for the Greeks. 3. The aniwaas (aningaas or alingaas), -or third soul, leaves during sleep to visit familiar places. Loss of the aniwaas upon waking can lead to insanity. 4. The ar-aria, or fourth soul, -is the liberated soul of the dead, Religion is a set of beliefs, practices, and visiting relatives and friends. Signs of its presence rituals followed by a group of people. It often include howling dogs, disruptive behavior, and involves faith in a higher power or powers, such as mimicry of the deceased's habits or traits. If the God or gods, and can include specific teachings dead was a cook, he likes staying in the kitchen; if about morality, the afterlife, and the purpose of life. a basketball player, he plays with balls. If he was Religions usually have organized structures, such lame in life, his footsteps betray that fact. as churches, temples, or mosques, where followers