PSYC-1130 Psychology for Social Service Workers - Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory PDF

PSYC-1130 PSYCHOLOGY FOR SOCIAL SERVICE WORKERS Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory Image Source: http://journalpsyche.org/revisiting-carl-rogers-theory-of-personality/  Use of Ppt slides Download the Ppt slides as...

PSYC-1130 PSYCHOLOGY FOR SOCIAL SERVICE WORKERS Carl Rogers: Self-Actualization Theory Image Source: http://journalpsyche.org/revisiting-carl-rogers-theory-of-personality/  Use of Ppt slides Download the Ppt slides as there are companion notes attached to many of the slides within the presentation. This slide presentation represents a condensed version of what the chapter reading contains (plus other additions (e.g., audio/video links). It is not meant as a substitute for the required reading. If you see this icon; click on it to hear recorded audio or video clips  Use of Ppt slides continued.. You may have to click on interactive links within the Ppt slides or you may be directed to go to another online learning activity within the Module folder. If the web links don’t work when you click on them, try copying and pasting the link into a new browser. If you are experiencing technology problems, contact IT Services Help Desk at: 519-452-4430 ext. 4357  CHAPTER OUTLINE 1. Life of Rogers 2. The Self & Tendency toward Actualization 3. Experiential World 4. Development of Self in Childhood 5. Characteristics of Fully Functioning Persons 6. Questions About Human Nature 7. Assessment in Rogers’s Theory 8. Research on Rogers’s Theory 9. Reflections Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.  THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES SO FAR….. Psychoanalytic Freud Neo-psychoanalytic Horney Adler Behavioural Skinner Cognitive Beck  TODAY WE ARE ADDING ONE MORE Psychoanalytic Freud Neo-psychoanalytic Horney Adler Behavioural Skinner Cognitive Beck Humanistic Rogers PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH (E.G., FREUD) An approach to the study of personality which believes that human behaviour results from an interaction of conscious and unconscious processes in the mind. Behaviour is determined by irrational forces and biological drives. NEO-PSYCHOANALYTIC (E.G., HORNEY, ADLER) An approach to the study of personality that expands on the original psychoanalytic ideas. The neo-psychoanalytic approach acknowledges the importance of early childhood experiences however, gives additional focus to social and cultural factors in addition to unconscious and biological factors. BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH (E.G., SKINNER) An approach to the study of personality that suggests that human behaviour is shaped (conditioned) and determined by a set of external factors in our environment. COGNITIVE APPROACH (E.G., BECK) An approach to personality that suggests that behaviour is influenced by how one thinks. Our personality develops based on how we process (perceive) information about the world and ourselves. Our thoughts affect how we feel and in turn, how we behave. HUMANISTIC APPROACH E.G., ROGERS An approach to the study of personality that emphasizes the whole person and the uniqueness of each individual through their subjective experience. For this reason, it is also called the phenomenological approach because individuals have free will to choose their own pathways in life which are innately directed towards improvement in self and the world. ROGER’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY Image Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/psychpics/6837577083/ REMEMBER CHARLIE SHEEN?  Image Source: http://www.simplypsy chology.or g/carl- rogers.ht ml LIFE OF ROGERS 1902 – 1987 Born in suburb of Chicago Strict, religious parents forced their view Rural life and fascination with science Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition LIFE OF ROGERS, CONT’D. Studied ministry, then child study – underprivileged children Image Source: http://www.nrogers. com/CarlQR.html Unique approach to counseling Worked to bring clinical psychology to the mainstream Distinguished career Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition  Image Source: https://www.obook.co.il/OBOOK/261407/Books-in-English/Psychology-- Image Source: https://quotecatalog.com/communicator/carl-rogers/ Psychiatry/On-Becoming-a-Person  Perceptions: the reality of our environment depends on our perception of it Image Source: http://molempire.com/2011/08/30/optical-illusions-static-images-that- EXPERIENTIAL WORLD Phenomenology Only reliable reality is subjective experience & inner perception of reality Our experiences become the only basis for our judgments and behaviors less important experiences are left behind important experiences become part of self Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition  THE SELF & TENDENCY TOWARD ACTUALIZATION Actualization tendency Basic human motivation towards self maintenance and enhancement. Process involves difficult growth. Organismic valuing process Process of judging based on value for actualization and growth. Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Image Source: https://www.stockvault.net/free-photos/achiever Our ability to Self-Actualize will depend on congruence Image Source: http://www.studentaffairs.pitt.e du/occself DESCRIBE YOURSELF Using the adjectives on the next slide, select 5 which describe yourself. Q-SORT TECHNIQUE – PART A ANXIOUS ATTRACTIVE CARELESS DEPRESSED DISHONEST ENERGETIC FUNNY HAPPY HONEST INTELLIGENT KIND LAZY OPTIMISTIC ORGANIZED OUT-GOING PLAIN RELAXED SAD SERIOUS SHY SLOPPY STRONG UNHELPFUL WEAK Source: http://www.ryerson.ca/~glassman/Qsort.html Q-SORT TECHNIQUE – PART B OPTIMISTIC ORGANIZED OUT-GOING PLAIN SLOPPY STRONG UNHELPFUL WEAK ANXIOUS ATTRACTIVE CARELESS DEPRESSED RELAXED SAD SERIOUS SHY HONEST INTELLIGENT KIND LAZY DISHONEST ENERGETIC FUNNY HAPPY Source: http://www.ryerson.ca/~glassman/Qsort.html  Self Image Ideal Self Optimistic 5 Kind Lazy 5 4 Out-going Optimistic 3 4 Intelligent Intelligent 2 3 Funny 1 Funny 2 Remove the values for any terms that do not appear in both lists Self Image Ideal Self Optimistic 5 Kind Lazy Out-going Optimistic 4 Intelligent 2 Intelligent 3 Funny 1 Funny 2  8+9=17 Add the scores… Self Image Ideal Self Optimistic 5 Kind Lazy Out-going Optimistic Intelligent 2 4 Funny Intelligent 1 3 Total 8 Funny 2 The closer you are to 30, the closer you are to being  The more overlap, the more congruent. The more congruent, the greater the tendency towards self actualization Ideal Self Ideal Self Self Image Self Image Incongruent Congruent Image Source: https://www.clipzui.com/search?k=Carl+Rogers Image Sourc e: https:/ /www. positiv e- parent ing- ally.co m/carl  The factor that most strongly predicted later behaviour (personality) was self-insight If counsellors work to modify children’s self-insight we can guide them towards being more functional Image Source: https://layiadeyemi.wordpress.com/2014/07/04/5-ways-to- change-your-self-concept-before-it-becomes-a-self-fulfilling-prophecy/ COMPANION VIDEO (FOR SLIDES 33-45) SELF IN CHILDHOOD Positive regard Acceptance, love, and approval from others Universal and persistent need Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition SELF IN CHILDHOOD, CONT’D Unconditional Positive positive self-regard regard Condition Approval under which regardless of we grant one’s behavior ourselves acceptance & approval Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition  I may not like your behaviour, UNCONDITIONAL but I love you no matter what. POSITIVE REGARD Image Source: http://divorcedmoms.com/articles/coparenting-with-a-narcissist-what-to-do-when- your-children-are-being-emotionally-abused-  POSITIVE SELF REGARD I’m a good person even if I make mistakes sometimes. Image Source: http://divorcedmoms.com/articles/coparenting-with-a-narcissist-what-to-do-when- your-children-are-being-emotionally-abused- POSITIVE REGARD AND POSITIVE SELF-REGARD LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT OF THE REAL SELF Image Source: http://hopethatsreal.com/2013/09/20/the-psychological-theory-that- dominates-american-culture/ SELF IN CHILDHOOD, CONT’D. Conditional Conditions Positive of (Self) Regard Worth Approval & acceptance Belief that we granted only are only worthy when person of approval for exhibits desirable desirable behaviors & behaviors attitudes Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Image Source: http://www.scholastic.com/parents/resources/tip/daily-tips/chores-school-aged- child Image Source: http://news.aces.edu/blog/2015/01/07/generating-positive-parent-teen- relationships/  I’m only a going to be “somebody” if I become a carpenter like my dad. Image Source: http://news.aces.edu/blog/2015/01/07/generating-positive-parent-teen- relationships/ Image Source: http://hopethatsreal.com/2013/09/20/the-psychological-theory-that- dominates-american-culture/ Image Source: https://twitter.com/yourtruedost/status/631767815855345665 SELF IN CHILDHOOD, CONT’D Incongruence Discrepancy between self-concept & experience (Real vs Ideal Self) Incongruent experiences become threatening (feel anxious) Use of defense mechanisms: Denial Perceptual Distortion Psychological adjustment is compatibility between self-concept & experiences Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition  SELF IN CHILDHOOD, CONT’D Use of defense mechanisms: Denial: “THAT DIDN’T HAPPEN” Perceptual Distortion: “YOU CHANGE THE MEANING OF SOMETHING” Psychological adjustment is compatibility between self-concept & experiences Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. CHARACTERISTICS OF FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSONS Fully Functioning Person Self-actualization Developing all facets of the self Desired result of psychological development Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition CHARACTERISTICS OF FULLY FUNCTIONING PERSONS, CONT’D. Characteristics Aware of all experience (self insight) Live richly & fully in every moment Trust in own organism (self) Feel free to make choices Are creative and live constructively May face difficulties Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMAN NATURE Free will vs. Determinism Nature vs. Nurture Past vs. Present Uniqueness vs. Universality Equilibrium vs. Growth Optimistic vs. Pessimistic Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. QUESTIONS ABOUT HUMAN NATURE Free will Focus more on nurture influence Present focus Uniqueness & universality Growth process Optimistic Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition Copyright 2013 Wadsworth, a division of Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. ASSESSMENT Person-Centered Encounter Therapy groups Therapy approach Group therapy Client is for learning assumed to be about feelings & responsible for relating changing Focus on Others subjective developed tests experience of experience Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition RESEARCH Focus Client self-report Person-Centered Therapy Openness to experience Acceptance of self Emotional adjustment Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition RESEARCH, CONT’D. First to film therapy sessions for research Q-sort technique Self-report technique for assessing self-concept Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition REFLECTIONS Contributions Person-centered therapy became popular; highly accessible Core concepts accepted by other orientations Emphasis on self-concept widely recognized Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition REFLECTIONS Criticisms Lack of clarification of mechanisms Criticized for influences outside of person’s perspectives Schultz & Schultz Theories of Personality and Development, 10th Edition