Global City - GED 6 Week 10 PDF

GLOBAL CITY  GLOBAL CITY ACTIVITY:  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) ?  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is bei...

GLOBAL CITY  GLOBAL CITY ACTIVITY:  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) ?  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) Washington DC  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) ?  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) PARIS  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) ?  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) SINGAPORE  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) ?  GLOBAL CITY With the given pictures, identify the city where the landmark is being located. (Photos are from Pinterest) NEW YORK CITY  GLOBAL CITY OBJECTIVES: Objectives Upon the completion of the module, you are able to; * Explain why globalization is a spatial phenomenon. * Identify the attributes of a global city. * Analyze how cities serve as engines of globalization.  GLOBAL CITY Compare and contrast the lifestyle in urban and in rural.  GLOBAL CITY Introduction THE GLOBAL CITY: Also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city which is a primary node in the global economic network.  GLOBAL CITY WHY STUDY GLOBAL CITIES? "GLOBALIZATION SI SPATIAL" This statement means two things. 1. Globalization is spatial because it occurs in the physical spaces. 2. Globalization is spatial because what makes it move is the fact that it is based in places.  GLOBAL CITY In 1950, only 30% of the world lived in urban areas. By 2014, the number increased to 54%. >And by 2050, it is expected of reach 66%. GLOBALIZATION is the reason for the increase ni the number of people living ni urban areas  GLOBAL CITY DEFINING THE GLOBAL CITY. Saskia Sassen popularized the term “global city” where it is primary economic. Identified three global cities: New York, London and tokyo GLOBAL CITY  GLOBAL CITY New York has the New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE)  GLOBAL CITY Tokyo has the Nikkiei  GLOBAL CITY London has the Financial Time Stick Exchange (FTSE)  GLOBAL CITY Limiting the discussion of global cities to these three metropolises, however, is proving more and more restrictive. The global economy has changed significantly since Sassan wrote her book and any account of the economic power of the cities today must take note of the latest development.  GLOBAL CITY Other commentators expanded the criteria that Sassen used to determined what constitutes global city.  GLOBAL CITY New York Los Angeles New York New York is the big apple but Los Angeles has Hollywood which produce and creates movies distributed all over the world, which made New York its rival city. Though it is not wealthy as New York, movie-making mecca Los Angeles can now rival the Big Apple’s cultural influence.  GLOBAL CITY San Francisco as Global City since it is the home of the hub of world internet and services provider that connect people.  GLOBAL CITY Although Chinese economy down but later on cope up and bring industry goes up because of their production and services. Almost of our products here in our country (not only in Philippine are made in china. Thus, the impact of their economy alive since they create profit from us by buying their products.)  GLOBAL CITY Others consider some cities “global” like Australia Sydney, simply because they are great places to live in.  GLOBAL CITY However, Melbourne is described as Sydney’s rival “global city” because many magazines and lists have now referred to it as the world’s “most liveable city”—a place with good public transportation, a thriving cultural scene, and a relatively easy pace of life.  GLOBAL CITY INDICATORS FOR GLOBALITY. INDICATORS FOR GLOBILITY. GLOBAL CITY Economic Power Sassen remains correct in saying that economic power largely determine which cities are global. New York may have the largest stock market in the world but Tokyo houses the most number of corporate headquarters (613 company headquarters as against 217 in New York, its closest competitor). INDICATORS FOR GLOBILITY. GLOBAL CITY Economic opportunities: Make it attractive to talents across the world. Economic opportunities in a global city make it attractive to talents from across the world. Since the 1970s, many of the top IT programmers and engineers from Asia have moved to San Francisco Bay Area to become some of the key figures in Silicon Valley’s technology boom. London remains a preferred destination for many Filipinos with nursing degrees. INDICATORS FOR GLOBILITY. GLOBAL CITY To measure the Economic competitiveness of a city. The Economist Intelligence Unit has added other criteria like market size, purchasing power of citizens, size of the middle class, and potential for growth. Based on these criteria, “tiny” Singapore is considered as Asia’s most competitive city because of its strong market, efficient and incorruptible government, and livability. It also houses the regional offices of many major global corporations. INDICATORS FOR GLOBILITY. GLOBAL CITY Global cities are also centers of authority. Washington D.C. may not be as wealthy as New York but it is the seat of American state power. People around the world know its major landmarks: the White House, the Capitol Building (Congress), the Supreme Court, the Lincoln Memorial, and the Washington Monument. INDICATORS FOR GLOBILITY. GLOBAL CITY Centers of Political Influence. The headquarters of the United Nations is in New York and that of the European Union is in Brussels. Powerful political hubs exert influence on their own countries as well as on international affairs. The European Central Bank, which oversee Euro (the European Union’s currency), is based in Frankfurt. INDICATORS FOR GLOBILITY. GLOBAL CITY Centers of higher learning and culture: People read it not just across America, but also all over the world. One of the reasons for the many tourists visiting Boston is because they want to see Harvard University—the world’s top university. In 2015, the Australian government reported that it made as such 19.2 billion Australian dollars (roughly 14billion US dollars) from education alone.  GLOBAL CITY Today, global cities become culturally diverse. In a global city, one can try cuisines from different parts of the world. Because of their large Turkish populations, for example, Berlin and Tokyo offer some of the best Turkish food one can find outside of Turkey. Manila is not very global because of the dearth of foreign residents (despite the massive domestic migration), but Singapore is because it has a foreign population of 38%. Globalization as a spatial phenomenon: Why Study Global Cities? More people will experience globalization through their living environments in cities. Urbanization trends show increasing concentration in cities: Globalization as a spatial phenomenon: Why Study Global Cities? 1950: 30% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. 2014: 54% of the world’s population lived in urban areas. 2050: 66% of the world’s population is projected to live in urban areas. Globalization as a spatial phenomenon: Why Study Global Cities? Understanding global cities helps us analyze how globalization impacts living conditions for many people. Key Aspects of Globalization as a Spatial Phenomenon 1. Concentration of Economic Activity: Global cities are hubs in global economic networks, facilitating the flow of goods, services, capital, and information. 2. Spatial Division of Labor: Globalization leads to specialization in different economic functions across cities (e.g., finance, manufacturing, tech). Key Aspects of Globalization as a Spatial Phenomenon 3. Global City Networks: Global cities are interconnected, forming networks that drive economic activities and influence global trends. 4. Uneven Development: Globalization can lead to uneven growth, with some cities thriving while others may face economic decline. Cities serve as engines of globalization ENGINE- machine with moving parts that converts power into motion. MACHINE- applying mechanical power and having several parts, each with a definite function and performing a particular task. Cities serve as engines of globalization 1. Economic Hubs: Major cities often function as financial centers, attracting investments and facilitating international trade. They host multinational corporations, stock exchanges, and banks, which drive economic growth and connect global markets. Cities serve as engines of globalization 2. Cultural Exchange: Cities are melting pots of cultures, fostering diversity and innovation. They facilitate the exchange of ideas, art, and lifestyles, which helps to spread global cultural trends and create cosmopolitan environments. Cities serve as engines of globalization 3. Infrastructure and Connectivity: Urban areas invest heavily in infrastructure such as transportation, communication, and technology. Airports, ports, and rail networks enable the swift movement of goods and people, enhancing global connectivity. Cities serve as engines of globalization 4. Talent Magnet: Cities attract talent from around the world, creating a skilled workforce that fuels innovation. This talent pool supports industries that are critical to globalization, such as technology, finance, and creative sectors. Cities serve as engines of globalization 5. Policy and Governance: Urban governments often play a significant role in shaping policies that promote globalization. They can enact regulations that encourage foreign investment, trade agreements, and collaboration with international organizations. Cities serve as engines of globalization 6. Global Networks: Cities are often part of global networks, linking businesses, academic institutions, and cultural organizations. These networks facilitate collaboration and the sharing of resources across borders. WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES OF THE GLOBAL CITY? CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL CITY 1. Environmental Sustainability Urban areas, despite representing only 2% of the Earth's land, account for approximately 75% of energy consumption and produce around 60% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This situation requires cities to implement innovative strategies to reduce their environmental impact and lead sustainable practices. 2. Social Inequality Significant social inequalities are prevalent in global cities, where wealth is often concentrated among a small elite, leaving substantial portions of the population in poverty. The growing disparity between affluent and impoverished neighborhoods can exacerbate social tensions, highlighting the need for equitable solutions that ensure economic benefits reach all residents. 3. Infrastructure Demands Rapid urbanization places immense pressure on infrastructure, leading to inadequate housing, transportation, and essential services for dense populations. Climate change and extreme weather events further strain these systems, making investments in smart infrastructure and sustainable planning essential. 4. Migration Issues Migration significantly shapes global cities, with large populations of migrants contributing to economic vitality but also presenting integration challenges and competition for resources. Effective policies for integration are critical to ensure that all residents can contribute to and benefit from urban life. 5. Governance Complexities Local authorities in global cities encounter difficulties managing resources and aligning policies with national frameworks. Seeking greater autonomy to address local issues, they can benefit from collaborative networks like EUROCITIES that facilitate the sharing of best practices and collective problem- solving. 6. Urban Mobility and Accessibility Mobility and accessibility are vital for urban quality of life, yet challenges such as traffic congestion and inadequate public transport impede progress. As cities expand, developing effective transportation solutions and ensuring access for vulnerable groups are paramount. 7. Balancing International Outreach and Local Quality of Life Global cities must balance their international engagement with the well-being of local residents. Issues like over-tourism and environmental degradation can arise from extensive international outreach, making it essential for urban planners to ensure that economic benefits do not compromise local living conditions.  GLOBAL CITY THE GLOBAL CITY AND THE POOR We have consistently noted that economic globalization has paved the way for massive inequality. This phenomenon is thus very pronounced in cities.  GLOBAL CITY As the city attracts more capital and richer residents are forced to relocate to far away but cheaper areas. This phenomenon of driving out the poor in favor of newer, wealthier residents is called GENTRIFICATION.  GLOBAL CITY In France, poor Muslim migrants are forced out of Paris and have clustered around ethnic enclaves known as banlieue.  GLOBAL CITY In most of the world's global cities, the middle class is also thinning out. Globalization creates high income jobs that are concentrated in global cities. These high earners, in turn, generate demand for an unskilled labor force that will attend to their increasing needs.  GLOBAL CITY Meanwhile, many middle-income jobs in manufacturing and business process outsourcing are moving to other countries. This hallowing out of the middle class in global cities has heightened the inequality within them. A large global city may thus be a paradise for some, but a suffering for others.  GLOBAL CITY THANK YOU!  GLOBAL CITY ANY QUESTION?