The Self From Different Scientific Disciplines PDF

THE SELF FROM DIFFERENT SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES MS. RACQUEL S. MANLAPAS Instructor INTRODUCTION Natural and Social Sciences encompass a number of disciplines that have deliberated on and explained the concept and nature of self. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this t...

THE SELF FROM DIFFERENT SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES MS. RACQUEL S. MANLAPAS Instructor INTRODUCTION Natural and Social Sciences encompass a number of disciplines that have deliberated on and explained the concept and nature of self. LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this topic, the students are expected to: 1. Define and explain the different scientific standpoints about the self; 2. Synthesize and evaluate these perspectives of self; 3. Come up with a comprehensive definition of self according to scientific point of view.  SCIENTIFIC PERSPECTIVES OF THE SELF has invested much of its efforts in understanding world phenomena explains how basic life forms have evolved into more complex organisms such as HUMAN BEINGS is defined as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic structure and behavior of the PHYSICAL and NATURAL world through OBSERVATION and EXPERIMENT. SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF SELF PHYSICAL SCIENCES SOCIAL SCIENCES are concerned with: focus on BIOLOGICAL FACTORS: HUMAN BODY INSTITUTIONS UNDERLYING GROWTH MATURATIONAL MECHANISMS CULTURES ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS of people SELF IS THE CENTRAL FOCUS. living within society. BIOLOGICAL / PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCE Science has made great advances in explaining human beings. ARISTOTLE TENETS SCIENTIFIC APPROACH STUDY OF HUMAN EXPERIENCES CHARLES DARWIN EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION INDIVIDUALITY SELF  BIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES Scientists and doctors explain how GENES from both parents contribute to the characteristics of their offspring through genetics. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms. DNA is a unique identifying part of every individual. It is the main constituent of chromosomes and the carrier of genetic information. NO TWO INDIVIDUALS SHARE THE EXACT SAME DNA. regarded as a crucial evidence in the resolution of a crime. In MEDICINES, it has been used to determine the paternity and maternity of an individual as well as make way for the intervention and treatment of diseases.  PHYSICAL PERSPECTIVES This study of the human body paved the way for a fuller understanding of the self, as CONSCIOUSNESS, a fundamental core of the self, is influenced by inner dynamics and environment. NEUROPHILOSOPHY This is attributed to PAUL and PATRICIA CHURCHLAND. It is concerned with the association of the BRAIN and the MIND. In order to understand the human mind, people must first understand the BRAIN. Philosophical notions of FREE WILL, COMMON SENSE, and CONSCIENTIOUSNESS must be explained in the context of NEUROSCIENCE as advances in this field seemingly converge with how people THINK, FEEL and BEHAVE. HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS are distinctively connected WORLD VIEWS to brain physiology and BELIEFS and other attributes functioning. How member of the millennial generation process information, imbibe beliefs and values, manifests behaviors in their specific contexts have a neurological basis.  MAURICE MERLEAU-PONTY aimed to unite IDEALISM with EMPIRICISM. also used empirical studies and research to supplement what philosophy failed to cover. SPECIFIC THEOREM: "WE ARE OUR BODIES". Maurice attempted to incorporate the physical and the psychological aspects of the self. Understanding of the world should not be UNIDIMENSIONAL: THE SELF is product of both IDEALIST and the RELATED STANDPOINTS: REALIST standpoints.  PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY Describes the shaping of the self as similar to how the human immune system functions. The human body is made up of nucleotides, the composition of which makes up the DNA. In the context of the immune system, the human bodies "REJECT" harmful, foreign matter and builds up on the existing molecules, leading to a healthy bodily system. In discovering oneself, a person is likely to imbibe external experience that are seen to be helpful and reject those that he or she does not like or derive pleasure from.  NATURAL SCIENCE is a fountain of information in understanding oneself, especially in the fields of BIOLOGY, MEDICINE, COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE and even CHEMISTRY. The journey to self understanding will not be complete without examining the effect of social factors in development.  SOCIAL While physical science tries to understand the physical nature of SCIENCES people, SOCIAL SCIENCES are concerned with human functioning in the context of society and social institutions. PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, POLITICS and ECONOMICS are some of the social sciences that have contributed to the study of the SELF. PSYCHOLOGY defined as the STUDY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR It sees the SELF as the theoretical construct. The development of the socalled "SCIENCE OF SELF" roots from various theories and principles. OBJECTS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTS SELF-AWARENESS describes the consciousness of individuals about their strengths, weaknesses, potentials as well as the underlying factors that contribute to such aspects of the self. SELF-CONSTRUAL refers to the grounds of self- definition and the extent to which the self is defined independently of other or interdependently with others. refers to how individuals perceive themselves, particularly the level of connectedness with and separateness from others, based upon culturally shared assumptions. SELF-EFFICACY an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach goals. SELF-CONCEPT It is a description of how one LOOKS LIKE, SOUNDS LIKE, and BEHAVES LIKE. It is an implicit personality theory that one holds towards oneself. It is the study of the collective behavior of people within society and focuses on social problems encountered by individuals. It does not see a person on his or her own, but rather the impact of social institutions and relationships within society on one's thoughts, feelings, and behavior. It provides tools for understanding the human experience and society. FAMILY, CRIME, RELIGION, POVERTY, EDUCATION and the like are specific domain of study within SOCIOLOGY. SOCIOLOGY ANTHROPOLOGY The study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and in relation to physical character, environmental and social relations and culture. It is focused on present societal concerns and factors that shape human behavior collectively.  ANTHROPOLOGY focuses on the following: EVOLUTION OF INDIVIDUALS & THEIR SOCIETIES Individuals do not evolve in genetic evolutionary terms. Individuals may mutate, but natural selection acts by shifting the characteristics of the population as a whole. Individuals in a population vary. Societies change over time progressing to simple to more complex organizations.  SPECIFIC CULTURAL TOOLS EMBEDDED WITHIN GENERATIONS These are various symbol systems and resources – LANGUAGE, the INTERNET, APPS, and SOCIAL MEDIA that individuals used to think, communicate, and make meaning within a socio-cultural context. These tools play a crucial role in facilitating learning, creativity, and social interaction, allowing individuals to navigate and engage with different cultural and linguistic practices.  PROGRESSION OF HUMAN GROUPS Formation of close family groups Tribes Development of some of the modern human behaviors  CULTURAL EVOLUTIONS Human cultural change – changes in socially transmitted beliefs, knowledge, customs, skills, attitudes, languages, and so on. EVOLUTIONARY BEHAVIOR An analysis of particular recurrent problems faced by the members of a given species and a search across species. Humans have evolved as social, empathetic, collaborating and altruistic beings in small groups sharing common identities. ADVANCEMENT OF CULTURAL TOOLS External resources and symbols such as language, technology, and social customs, that are used by individuals in a particular culture to facilitate thinking and problem-solving. ADVANCEMENT OF CULTURAL TOOLS External resources and symbols such as language, technology, and social customs, that are used by individuals in a particular culture to facilitate thinking and problem- solving. Cultural development – changes and advancements in art, literature, religion, technology, social customs, language, and other aspects of a society’s culture. In studying the SELF: Anthropology examines the DEVELOPMENT ADVANCEMENTS society has made and how they have impacted people who existed within that society. POLITICAL SCIENCE This is concerned with the participation of individuals in establishing a government and making a political choice. Factors involved in how one arrives at his or her political choices and behavior. In studying the self, one's participation in government, ideologies and advocacies are seen as significant contributors to his or her childhood.  ECONOMICS This describes and analyzes the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. value system and sense of self. LF Economic activities affect people's MANUFACTURE CONSUMPTION OF GOODS = SE STATE OF FINANCES PURCHASING POWER EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION TO SOCIETY SUMMARY This topic outlined the contribution of the sciences in self -understanding and self-discovery. PHYSICAL SCIENCES focus on the influence of one's biological make-up while SOCIAL SCIENCES highlight the role of community and society to oneself. GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. How does the environment contribute to the development of social identity? 2. Which is more influential in shaping the SELF, nature or nurture? Why?  CORE VALUES