Gastrointestinal tract HW.pdf

13 The Gastrointestinal Tract KEY TERMS Exercise 1 Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions. F   1. alimentary canal H   2. cardiac orifice B   3. duodenal bulb J   4. gastrohepatic ligament D   5. gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and lienorenal ligaments C   6. grea...

13 The Gastrointestinal Tract KEY TERMS Exercise 1 Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions. F   1. alimentary canal H   2. cardiac orifice B   3. duodenal bulb J   4. gastrohepatic ligament D   5. gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and lienorenal ligaments C   6. greater omentum M   7. haustra A   8. hepatic flexure N   9. lesser omentum E 10. mesentery T 11. mesothelium I 12. mucosa Q 13. muscularis O 14. pyloric canal S 15. rugae P 16. serosa K 17. splenic flexure L 18. submucosa R 19. valvulae conniventes G 20. villi A. Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon B. First part of the duodenum C. Double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curvature of the stomach; known as the “fatty apron” D. Help support the greater curvature of the stomach E. Fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall F. Also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine G. Inner folds of the small intestine H. Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach I. First layer of bowel J. Helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach K. The transverse colon travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends at this point to form the descending colon L. One of the layers of the bowel, under the mucosal layer; contains blood vessels and lymph channels M. Normal segmentation of the wall of the colon N. Suspends the stomach and duodenum from the liver; helps to support the lesser curvature of the stomach O. Muscle that connects the stomach to the proximal duodenum P. Fourth layer of bowel; thin, loose layer of connective tissue, surrounded by mesothelium covering the intraperitoneal bowel loops Q. Third layer of bowel R. Normal segmentation of the small bowel S. Inner folds of the stomach wall T. Fifth layer of bowel 107 Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 13   The Gastrointestinal Tract Exercise 2 Match the following physiology and sonographic evaluation terms with their definitions.   1. abscess   2. absorption   3. cholecystokinin   4. gastrin   5. McBurney’s point   6. peristalsis   7. secretin A. Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes B. Rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it C. Located by drawing a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus; at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix D. Process of nutrient molecules passing through the wall of the intestine into the blood or lymph system E. Endocrine hormone released from the stomach; stimulates secretion of gastric acid F. Localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue G. Released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate Exercise 3 Match the following pathology terms with their definitions. J   1. appendicolith H   2. ascites L   3. Crohn’s disease B   4. diverticulum A   5. fecalith F   6. hemorrhage C   7. lymphoma G   8. McBurney’s sign I   9. Meckel’s diverticulum D K E 10. paralytic ileus 11. polyp 12. target sign A. Calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter B. Pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine or, most commonly, the colon C. Malignancy of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver D. Dilated fluid-filled bowel loops without peristalsis E. Characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim F. Collection of blood G. Site of maximal tenderness in the right lower quadrant; usually with appendicitis H. Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen I. Congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum J. Fecalith or calcification located in the appendix K. Small tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface L. Inflammation of the bowel, accompanied by abscess and bowel wall thickening 108 Chapter 13   The Gastrointestinal Tract Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Exercise 4 Label the following illustrations. 1. The digestive system. 17. Pharynx 1. Salivary glands 2. 16. Stomach 15. Gallbladder 14. Duodenum 3. Stomach 4. 11. Ascending colon Cecum 10. Vermiform appendix Pancreas 5. Small intestine 13. Transverse colon 12. Esophagus 6. Descending colon 7. Sigmoid colon 8. Rectum 9. Anus 109 Copyright © 2012, 2007 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 13   The Gastrointestinal Tract