26 Questions
Match the following gastrointestinal anatomy terms with their definitions:
Transverse colon = Travels horizontally across the abdomen and bends to form the descending colon Peristalsis = Rhythmic dilation and contraction of the gastrointestinal tract as food is propelled through it Gastrin = Endocrine hormone released from the stomach; stimulates secretion of gastric acid Meckel’s point = Congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum
Match the following sonographic evaluation terms with their definitions:
Abscess = Localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue Cholecystokinin = Hormone secreted into the blood by the mucosa of the upper small intestine; stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes McBurney’s point = Located by drawing a line from the right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus; at approximately the midpoint of this line lies the root of the appendix Secretin = Released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate
Match the following pathology terms with their definitions:
Appendicolith = Calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter Diverticulum = Pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ that occurs in the stomach, the small intestine or, most commonly, the colon Hemorrhage = Collection of blood Target sign = Characteristic of gastrointestinal wall thickening consisting of an echogenic center and a hypoechoic rim
Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions:
alimentary canal = Also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine cardiac orifice = Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach greater omentum = Double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curvature of the stomach; known as the "fatty apron" mesentery = Fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall
Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions:
gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, and lienorenal ligaments = Help support the greater curvature of the stomach hepatic flexure = Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon mucosa = First layer of bowel pyloric canal = Helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach
Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions:
rugae = Inner folds of the small intestine submucosa = Fold from the parietal peritoneum that attaches to the small intestine, anchoring it to the posterior abdominal wall valvulae conniventes = First part of the duodenum villi = Inner folds of the small intestine
Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions:
haustra = Inner folds of the small intestine lesser omentum = Double fold of the peritoneum attached to the duodenum, stomach, and large intestine; helps support the greater curvature of the stomach; known as the "fatty apron" serosa = First layer of bowel mesothelium = Also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine
Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions:
ascendin colon = Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon splenic flexure = Helps support the lesser curvature of the stomach muscularis = First layer of bowel duodenal bulb = First part of the duodenum
Match the following anatomy terms with their definitions:
transverse colon = Ascending colon arises from the right lower quadrant to bend at this point to form the transverse colon large intestine = Also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine small intestine = Also known as the digestive tract; includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small and large intestine mouth = Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach
What is the function of the greater omentum?
Supports the greater curvature of the stomach
Where is the cardiac orifice located?
Entrance of the esophagus into the stomach
What are valvulae conniventes?
Inner folds of the small intestine
What is the primary role of the hepatic flexure?
Arises from the right lower quadrant
What does the mesothelium refer to in the gastrointestinal tract?
Inner lining of the digestive organs and abdominal cavity
Which structure forms the pyloric canal?
Connects to the duodenum
What is the function of cholecystokinin?
Stimulates contraction of the gallbladder and pancreatic secretion of enzymes
Where is McBurney’s point located?
Right anterosuperior iliac spine to the umbilicus midpoint
What is Meckel’s diverticulum?
Congenital sac or blind pouch found in the lower portion of the ileum
What does an appendicolith refer to?
Calcified deposit within the appendix; appendicitis can develop when the appendix becomes blocked by hard fecal matter
What is paralytic ileus?
Dilated fluid-filled bowel loops without peristalsis
What is ascites?
Accumulation of serous fluid in the abdomen
What does a polyp refer to?
Small tumor-like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface
What is diverticulum?
Pouchlike herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ
What does hemorrhage refer to?
Collection of blood
What is lymphoma?
Malignancy of the lymph nodes, spleen, or liver
What does secretin do?
Released from small bowel as antacid; stimulates secretion of bicarbonate
Test your knowledge of gastrointestinal tract anatomy by matching the given anatomy terms with their respective definitions in this exercise.
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