Gas Exchange and Circulation PDF

GAS EXCHANGE AND CIRCULATI JUMBLED letters! Jumble letters YROREPSARIT TEYSMS  ANSWE R RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Jumble letters LACURYCITOR SSTEMY  ANSWE R CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Jumble letters MUNAH ANSWE R HUMA N Jumble letters LASINA M ANSWER ANIMAL S Pre- Test 1.What...

GAS EXCHANGE AND CIRCULATI JUMBLED letters! Jumble letters YROREPSARIT TEYSMS  ANSWE R RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Jumble letters LACURYCITOR SSTEMY  ANSWE R CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Jumble letters MUNAH ANSWE R HUMA N Jumble letters LASINA M ANSWER ANIMAL S Pre- Test 1.What is the primary function of respiratory system? A. To deliver oxygen to cell and remove carbon B. To deliver carbondioxide. dioxide to cell and remove oxygen. C. To deliver a oxygen to tisues and D. Either A or nerves. C 2. It found in insects, this is system uses small tubes to transport A. oxygenC. directly to cell. Lungs Brain B. D. Trancheal Heart system 3. It facilitates gas exchange in alveoli connected to c capillaries, A. it present C. in reptiles and mammals, Lungs what Brain is this? B. D. Trancheal Heart system 4. It can breathe using gills or skin diffusion, A. what is this? Amphibians B. Mammals C.Reptil e. D Insects  5. Animals required a ___________ to transport oxygen and nutrients A. Circulatory and removeC.waste products. Skeletal system B. Respiratory D.system Cardiovascular system system 6. Most vertebrates use this, an iron containing protein in red A.blood Proteincells, to transport oxygen and remover carbon B. dioxide. C. Hemoglobin Iron D. Homoglobin  7. What is true about human circulatory system? A. Human circulatory system centers on the heart, which is about B. Human circulatory system protected bycenters ribcage.on the lungs and diaphram, C. Either A orwhich about protected by ribcage. B D. Neither A or B 8. It deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, what is this? A. Red blood C. White blood B. Platelets cells D. cells Veins  9. It helps clots to prevent blood lass after injuries, A. Red blood what is this? cells B. Platelets C. White blood D. cells Veins 10. It carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, A. Red blood what is this? cells B. Platelets C. White blooc D. cells Veins  ANSWER KEY 1.A 6.B 2.D 7.A 3.A 8.A 4.A 9.B 5.A 10.D NOW LET'S START OUR DISCUSSION! GAS EXCHANGE AND CIRCULATION The respiratory system and circulatory system work together to convert the products of digestion into usable energy. The job of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air. While the circulatory system is responsible for the transport of materials from one place to another in the body.  Direct Diffusion: Used by small organisms like Respirato sponges, where each cell get is ry oxygen directly from water. System The respiratory system's Body of primary function is to deliver Surface/Skin: oxygen to cells and remove Utilized by carbon dioxide. All aerobic Animals organisms require oxygen for metabolism, using various gas flatworms and frogs, where gas exchange occurs exchange methods through the skin via capillaries.  Tracheal System: Found in insects, this system uses small tubes to transport oxygen directly to cells, bypassing the Respirat circulatory system. ory Lungs: Present in reptiles System (excluding turtles) and mammals, lungs of facilitate gas exchange in alveoli Animals connected to capillaries.  Amphibi ans can breathe using gills or skin diffusion, while birds have evolved a unique system with air sacs for efficient oxygen delivery during flight.  The Human Respiratory System The human respiratory system consists of the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs. Air enters through the nasal cavity, travels down the trachea to the bronchi, and reaches the lungs. Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the bloodstream, where it is used in metabolic processes, producing ATP and releasing carbon dioxide, which is expelled during  Parts of human Nasal Cavity: respirator Entry point for air. y Pharynx: Connects to the esophagus and larynx.  Parts of human Larynx: respirator Place your specimen onto the stage. y Trachea Tube transporting air.  Parts of Lungs: human Right lung has three lobes; respirator left lung has two to accommodate the heart. y Bronchi/Bronchioles: Branches that direct air into the lungs.  Parts of human Alveoli: respirator Site of gas exchange. y Diaphragm: Muscle aiding in breathing. ACTIVITY! 1. Direction: In your 2 notebook,.3 answer the parts of human respiratory. 4. 5. Lungs Bronchi/Bronchiole. Pharynx s: 6 7 Diaphragm Trachea Nasal Larynx.. Cavity Alveoli 8. ACTIVITY! 1. 2 1. Nasal Cavity. 2. Pharynx 3 3. Larynx 4 4. Trachea. 5. 5. Lungs 6.. 6 7 Bronchi/Bronchioles 7. Alveoli.. 8.Diaphragm 8.  Closed Circulatory Circulatory System: In this system, blood is confined to System of Animals blood vessels, separate from interstitial fluid. It is Animals require a circulatory typical of vertebrates, system to transport oxygen often referred to as the and nutrients, and to remove cardiovascular waste products. In organisms system, with variations with lungs and gills, oxygen in heart structure and from these organs is delivered blood flow across to body tissues via this system. different groups due to evolutionary adaptations. Characteristics of Vertebrate Circulatory Systems: Fish: Unidirectional blood flow; 2- chambered heart (1 atrium, 1 ventricle); gas exchange occurs in Amphibians: gills. 3-chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle); some mixing of blood; gas exchange through lungs and skin. Characteristics of Vertebrate Circulatory Systems: Reptiles (except alligators and crocodiles): 3-chambered heart with partial separation of ventricles; gas exchange through Alligators and Crocodiles: lungs. 4-chambered heart; completely separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; efficient for extended periods underwater. Characteristics of Vertebrate Circulatory Systems: Birds and Mammals: 4-chambered heart; fully separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; gas exchange occurs in lungs. In vertebrates, blood enters the heart through an atrium and is pumped out via a ventricle, with valves ensuring one-way flow.  Open Circulatory System Invertebrates exhibit In an open circulatory diverse circulatory system, blood is not systems, with many having open systems. contained within vessels but Their hearts vary in is pumped into a cavity structure, from called the hemocoel. This centralized hearts in fluid, known as hemolymph, mollusks and mixes with interstitial arthropods to the fluid and circulates around distributed hearts of organs as the heart beats segmented worms, while and the animal moves, some invertebrates, like facilitating gas and nutrient roundworms, lack a exchange heart altogether.  Oxygen Carriers Most vertebrates use hemoglobin, an iron-containing protein in red blood cells, to transport oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. In contrast, some mollusks and arthropods use hemocyanin (copper-based), while annelids like earthworms use hemerythrin (also iron-based).  The Human Circulatory onSystem The human circulatory system centers the heart, which is about the size of a clenched fist and protected by the rib cage. The right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, while the larger left side distributes blood throughout the body. Blood circulates through the heart in two main loops: pulmonary circulation, which transports blood between the heart and lungs, and systemic circulation, which carries blood between the heart and the rest of the body.  Human Blood Component s deliver Red blood cells oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. White blood cells (including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils) play roles in the immune response. Platelets help form clots to prevent blood loss after injuries.  Blood Arteries:Vessels Thick-walled vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, with the aorta being the largest. Veins: Vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, equipped with valves to prevent backflow; the inferior vena cava is the largest vein. Capillaries: Tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins, facilitating gas and substance exchange between blood and cells.  Cardiac Cycle The heart's pumping action occurs in a cycle: during systole, it contracts to push blood out, and during diastole, it relaxes to fill with blood. The heart beats over 100,000 times daily. Blood Pressure Blood pressure measures the force of blood against vessel walls. Systolic pressure (during heartbeats) and diastolic pressure (between beats) are measured, with normal readings typically being around 120/80 mm Hg.  Post- Test Direstions: Write the answer in one fourth sheet of paper. 1.What is the main 2. Which organ is function of gas primarily responsible exchange in the for oxygen and carbon respiratory system? dioxide exchange in A. To transport nutrients humans? B. To remove waste products A. Heart C. To deliver oxygen and B. Liver remove carbon dioxide C. Kidneys D. To produce blood cells D. Lungs Post- Test 3. What structure in 4. What component the lungs allows for of blood transports the exchange of gases oxygen to the body’s with the blood? tissues? A. Alveoli A. Plasma B. Bronchi B. White blood cells C. Diaphragm C. Red blood cells D. Trachea D. Platelets  Post- Test 5. What gas do red 6. How does carbon dioxide blood cells pick up in travel from the blood to be the lungs and exhaled by the lungs? deliver to body A. It is transported by white blood tissues? cells. A. Carbon dioxide B. It diffuses from blood vessels B. Nitrogen into the alveoli. C. It is filtered by the kidneys. C. Oxygen D. It is converted to oxygen by red D. Helium  Post- Test 7. What role does the 8. Which type of diaphragm play in blood vessel respiration? carries oxygenated A. It filters dust and other blood from the particles. heart to the body? B. It contracts to help pump A. Arteries blood. B. Veins C. It regulates the speed of the C. Capillaries heartbeat. D. Bronchioles Post- Test 9. What is the main 10. How does the heart function of the ensure that blood flows circulatory system? in one direction? A. To digest food A. It uses valves to prevent B. To pump air into the backflow. lungs B. It has strong muscular C. To transport nutrients, walls. gases, and wastes to and C. It creates high pressure in from cells all directions.  Post- Test Direstions: Write the answer in one fourth sheet of paper. 1.What is the main 2. Which organ is function of gas primarily responsible exchange in the for oxygen and carbon respiratory system? dioxide exchange in A. To transport nutrients humans? B. To remove waste products A. Heart C. To deliver oxygen and B. Liver remove carbon dioxide C. Kidneys D. To produce blood cells D. Lungs  Post- Test Direstions: Write the answer in one fourth sheet of paper. 1.What is the main 2. Which organ is function of gas primarily responsible exchange in the for oxygen and carbon respiratory system? dioxide exchange in A. To transport nutrients humans? B. To remove waste products A. Heart C. To deliver oxygen and B. Liver remove carbon dioxide C. Kidneys D. To produce blood cells D. Lungs Post- Test 3. What structure in 4. What component the lungs allows for of blood transports the exchange of gases oxygen to the body’s with the blood? tissues? A. Alveoli A. Plasma B. Bronchi B. White blood cells C. Diaphragm C. Red blood cells D. Trachea D. Platelets Post- Test 3. What structure in 4. What component the lungs allows for of blood transports the exchange of gases oxygen to the body’s with the blood? tissues? A. Alveoli A. Plasma B. Bronchi B. White blood cells C. Diaphragm C. Red blood cells D. Trachea D. Platelets  Post- Test 5. What gas do red 6. How does carbon dioxide blood cells pick up in travel from the blood to be the lungs and exhaled by the lungs? deliver to body A. It is transported by white blood tissues? cells. A. Carbon dioxide B. It diffuses from blood vessels B. Nitrogen into the alveoli. C. It is filtered by the kidneys. C. Oxygen D. It is converted to oxygen by red D. Helium  Post- Test 5. What gas do red 6. How does carbon dioxide blood cells pick up in travel from the blood to be the lungs and exhaled by the lungs? deliver to body A. It is transported by white blood tissues? cells. A. Carbon dioxide B. It diffuses from blood B. Nitrogen vessels into the alveoli. C. It is filtered by the kidneys. C. Oxygen D. It is converted to oxygen by red D. Helium  Post- Test 7. What role does the 8. Which type of diaphragm play in blood vessel respiration? carries oxygenated A. It filters dust and other blood from the particles. heart to the body? B. It contracts to help pump A. Arteries blood. B. Veins C. It regulates the speed of the C. Capillaries heartbeat. D. Bronchioles  Post- Test 7. What role does the 8. Which type of diaphragm play in blood vessel respiration? carries oxygenated A. It filters dust and other blood from the particles. heart to the body? B. It contracts to help pump A. Arteries blood. B. Veins C. It regulates the speed of the C. Capillaries heartbeat. D. Bronchioles Post- Test 9. What is the main 10. How does the heart function of the ensure that blood flows circulatory system? in one direction? A. To digest food A. It uses valves to prevent B. To pump air into the backflow. lungs B. It has strong muscular C. To transport nutrients, walls. gases, and wastes to and C. It creates high pressure in from cells all directions.  Post- Test 9. What is the main 10. How does the heart function of the ensure that blood flows circulatory system? in one direction? A. To digest food A. It uses valves to B. To pump air into the prevent backflow. lungs B. It has strong muscular C. To transport walls. nutrients, gases, and C. It creates high pressure in wastes to and from cells all directions.