GAP- Topic 1 - Intro Anatomical position, planes, axis.pdf

Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction TOPIC #1 – INTRODUCTION, REGIONAL TERMS, ANATOMICAL POSITION & PLANES Clinical Orientated Anatomy COURSE INTRODUCTION • Introduce o Instructors o Course outline -required textbooks, examination dates, flow of course o Moodle sit...

Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction TOPIC #1 – INTRODUCTION, REGIONAL TERMS, ANATOMICAL POSITION & PLANES Clinical Orientated Anatomy COURSE INTRODUCTION • Introduce o Instructors o Course outline -required textbooks, examination dates, flow of course o Moodle site and the links to Anatomy resources ATTENDANCE ➢ Attendance is taken at the beginning of every class and then again after the break ➢ It is a record of the student being both present and participating in class. ➢ Attendance and participation accounts for 10 percent of your final mark. If you are less than 15 minutes late you will lose 25% of the class attendance marks and if you are more than 15 minutes late you will lose 50% of the class attendance marks. ➢ You will be marked late if o You are not present at 8:30 or 12:15 (25% deduction) o You are not present at 8:45 or 1230 (50% deduction) o Do not return directly after break o If you are sleeping in class o If you are not participating in class o If you leave class for an extended period of time (meeting with administrators should be done outside of class time) o Please inform us if you are sick/will be missing an extended period of class time or any examinations RESPONSIBILITIES ➢ Missing Curriculum: you are responsible to catch up with missed lectures on your own time. Teachers will answer questions but cannot reteach the information. PROFESSIONALISM ➢ Students are expected to maintain decorum and to present themselves professionally displaying respect for self and others always. Students are expected to attend all classes on time, presenting themselves as neat and clean, possessing all textbooks and materials required for class. ➢ Audio-recorders and/or laptop use for lecture note taking only may be permitted in class as directed/approved by the instructor. Video and photos are not permitted to be taken in class without permission ➢ Cell phones/PDA devices must be turned off or silenced (silenced means not on vibrate) and are not to be used in class ➢ There will be NO TOLERANCE for attitude, bullying or ostracizing. Please take care to consider your response to a problem. Page 1 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction COURSE EXPECTATIONS/OBJECTIVES ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ To know and utilize the commonly used anatomical terminology. Recognize individual bones and know their proper names. Comprehend the structure of bones. Understand the structure and organization of different joints. Describe all relevant structures associated with joints. Know the names of muscles. Know the attachments of muscles to bones. Understand the essence of the musculoskeletal system – movement. Be able to analyze and to understand the organization of the human body regions. ADVICE FOR STUDYING ANATOMY ✓ REPETITION ✓ Visual aids (colouring book, interactive websites, Netter’s Atlas of Human Anatomy, visible body website) ✓ Online quizzes (Quizlet), Cue cards, Memorization ✓ Study groups, teaching assistant/tutor INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY ANATOMY ➢ The study of human structure. CLINICAL ANATOMY ➢ The study of human structure and function as it relates to the practice of medicine and other health sciences. GROSS ANATOMY ➢ The study of anatomy at the macroscopic level (what we can see with the naked eye). REGIONAL ANATOMY ➢ The study of the body by regions. SURFACE ANATOMY ➢ Visualization of structures that lie beneath the skin. SYSTEMIC ANATOMY ➢ The study of body systems. ➢ The major systems of the body include: Page 2 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction o o o o o o o o o Musculoskeletal system **GAP will focus on this system ▪ Skeletal – bones and cartilage ▪ Articular – joints and associated ligaments ▪ Muscular – skeletal muscles Integumentary system – skin and structures within it (hair and nails) Nervous – central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves) Circulatory/Cardiovascular – cardiovascular (heart and blood vessels) and lymphatic systems (lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes) Respiratory – air passageways and lungs that supply oxygen to the body and eliminate carbon dioxide Digestive or Alimentary - organs associated with ingestion, digestion, absorption of food and elimination of its associated waste Urinary – kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra – which filter the blood and excrete waste (as urine) Reproductive – genitals and organs that are involved in reproduction Endocrine – glands and specialized cells that secrete hormones BASIC ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY • • Common language referring to body structures and their functions Anatomists use standard anatomical position and special vocabulary when relating body parts such as when describing anatomical structures in relation to one another or describing anatomical movement. Page 3 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction ANATOMICAL POSITION ➢ All descriptions in human anatomy are expressed in relation to anatomical position. ➢ Gives us the knowledge to read and understand medical texts as well as communicate with other health care professionals ANATOMICAL POSITION DETAILS ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Body erect Eyes forward Feet together Arms at side Palms up (facing forward) Thumbs pointing away from the body PRONE POSITION – body is lying face down SUPINE POSITION – body is lying face up ANATOMICAL PLANES • • • Movement of the body can best be described using a 3D Co-ordinate system Anatomical Planes: o These planes are imaginary sectioning of the body for descriptive purposes o Imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts o These planes give us reference points for body structures in space o Can also be used to describe certain movements There are four anatomical planes o Sagittal o Coronal o Transverse o Oblique Page 4 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction SAGITTAL PLANE ➢ Divides the body into left and right sections. o Mid-sagittal: divides the body into equal left and right sections (halves). o Para-sagittal: divides the body into asymmetrical right and left sections. CORONAL PLANE (FRONTAL) ➢ Divides the body into front and back sections. TRANSVERSE PLANE (HORIZONTAL) ➢ Divides the body into upper and lower parts. OBLIQUE PLANE ➢ This plane passes through a structure in a diagonal direction. o Any plane through the body that is not parallel to one of the former three planes. Page 5 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction ANATOMICAL AXIS • • Axis: point around which bones rotate (like the pin in a doorhinge). The orientation of the pin will determine the movement. 3 main anatomical axis: o Longitudinal o Transverse o Anterior-Posterior (AP) Page 6 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction Longitudinal Axis LONGITUDINAL AXIS ➢ Runs straight up and down. ➢ Is perpendicular (at a right angle) to the TRANSVERSE PLANE ➢ Movements: o Rotation ▪ medial / lateral ▪ internal / external ▪ pronation / supination ➢ **NOTE** Definitions of directional and movement terms will be discussed in topic #2 TRANSVERSE AXIS ➢ Runs from side to side. ➢ At a right angle to the SAGITTAL PLANE ➢ Movements: o Flexion / extension o Plantarflexion / dorsiflexion Transverse Axis ANTERIOR-POSTERIOR AXIS (AP) ➢ Runs from front to back. ➢ at right angle to the CORONAL PLANE ➢ Movements: o Lateral flexion ▪ left or right o Abduction / adduction o Eversion / inversion o Radial deviation / ulnar deviation Anterior-Posterior Axis Page 7 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction REGIONAL ANATOMY NAMES • • • Several major regions identified in the body Most principal regions include o Head o Neck o Trunk – further subdivided o Upper limbs o Lower limbs Students are expected to know all of the regional names as outlined on the following two diagrams as a self-directed learning activity: ANTERIOR VIEW Page 8 of 9 Canadian College of Massage & Hydrotherapy GAP – Topic #1 Introduction POSTERIOR VIEW Page 9 of 9