FRHD Week4 Midterm MC Part3 PDF

1. **What is the primary role of the prefrontal cortex in infants?** - A\) Processing visual information - B\) Language comprehension - C\) Higher-level thinking and self-regulation - D\) Controlling gross motor skills\ **Correct Answer:** C 2. **What is synapt...

1. **What is the primary role of the prefrontal cortex in infants?** - A\) Processing visual information - B\) Language comprehension - C\) Higher-level thinking and self-regulation - D\) Controlling gross motor skills\ **Correct Answer:** C 2. **What is synaptic pruning?** - A\) The creation of new synaptic connections - B\) The removal of unused neural connections - C\) The growth of dendrites and axons - D\) The generation of new neurons\ **Correct Answer:** B 3. **Which of the following reflexes helps infants locate food when their cheek is touched?** - A\) Babinski reflex - B\) Moro reflex - C\) Rooting reflex - D\) Grasping reflex\ **Correct Answer:** C 4. **According to Piaget, which substage involves infants using reflexive behaviors like sucking or rooting?** - A\) First habits and primary circular reactions - B\) Secondary circular reactions - C\) Simple reflexes - D\) Tertiary circular reactions\ **Correct Answer:** C 5. **Which sensory development technique involves measuring how long infants look at various stimuli to determine their preferences?** - A\) Eye-tracking technology - B\) Visual preference method - C\) Dishabituation - D\) Habituation\ **Correct Answer:** B 6. **At what age do infants typically lose the ability to distinguish phonemes that are not present in their native language?** - A\) 3 months - B\) 6-12 months - C\) 18 months - D\) 24 months\ **Correct Answer:** B 7. **Which of the following concepts from Piaget\'s theory refers to infants adapting their cognitive structures to fit new information?** - A\) Assimilation - B\) Accommodation - C\) Object permanence - D\) Deferred imitation\ **Correct Answer:** B 8. **What is mutual exclusivity bias in language development?** - A\) The belief that objects have only one label - B\) A focus on recognizing familiar faces - C\) The tendency to categorize objects based on their size - D\) The early preference for hearing speech sounds\ **Correct Answer:** A 9. **Which reflex is characterized by an infant throwing their arms outward in response to a loud noise?** - A\) Moro reflex - B\) Babinski reflex - C\) Rooting reflex - D\) Grasping reflex\ **Correct Answer:** A 10. **Which of the following is a measure used in studying infant brain development?** - A\) EEG (Electroencephalography) - B\) X-rays - C\) Ultrasound - D\) MRI scans only\ **Correct Answer:** A 11. **What is the developmental cascade model?** - A\) A model that explains attachment formation through caregiving routines - B\) A model that emphasizes connections across different domains over time to influence developmental outcomes - C\) A model that focuses on the role of synaptic pruning in cognitive development - D\) A model that links sensorimotor actions to cognitive growth\ **Correct Answer:** B 12. **Which aspect of development is most influenced by caregiver interactions according to the reciprocal socialization model?** - A\) Cognitive skills - B\) Emotional regulation - C\) Motor skills - D\) Reflexive responses\ **Correct Answer:** B 13. **What aspect of infant behavior is most influenced by child-directed speech?** - A\) Motor coordination - B\) Language acquisition - C\) Reflexive responses - D\) Emotional attachment\ **Correct Answer:** B 14. **Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning in infancy?** - A\) Infants turning their heads when they hear a puff of air - B\) Smiling more when it receives positive attention from caregivers - C\) Repeating actions that bring pleasurable outcomes, like shaking a rattle for sound - D\) Showing reduced interest in an object after repeated exposure\ **Correct Answer:** B 15. **Infants introduced to vegetables between 4-5 months are less likely to show fussy eating behaviors later. This is an example of:** - A\) Operant conditioning - B\) Nutritional adaptation - C\) Early sensory development - D\) Influence of caregiver responsiveness\ **Correct Answer:** D 16. **Which technique is commonly used to study depth perception in infants?** - A\) Visual cliff experiment - B\) Eye-tracking technology - C\) EEG - D\) Habituation-dishabituation technique\ **Correct Answer:** A 17. **By what age do most infants develop the ability to recognize common words like \"mommy\"?** - A\) 3-6 months - B\) 5-12 months - C\) 12-18 months - D\) 18-24 months\ **Correct Answer:** B 18. **In studying brain development, which term refers to the specialization of functions in one hemisphere of the brain?** - A\) Lateralization - B\) Synaptic pruning - C\) Neurogenesis - D\) Perceptual narrowing\ **Correct Answer:** A 19. **In terms of emotional development, what does the concept of \"effortful control\" refer to?** - A\) A child's ability to initiate an action - B\) The ability to regulate emotional responses - C\) Temperament classification based on energy levels - D\) The coordination of fine motor skills\ **Correct Answer:** B 20. **Which developmental milestone indicates an infant's emerging sense of self?** - A\) Recognition of their reflection in a mirror - B\) Development of object permanence - C\) Use of telegraphic speech - D\) Mastery of gross motor skills\ **Correct Answer:** A 21. **According to Kagan's concept of behavioral inhibition, what is a risk for children who exhibit high inhibition in infancy?** - A\) Attention deficits - B\) Difficulty in language acquisition - C\) Social anxiety in later childhood - D\) Poor motor development\ **Correct Answer:** C 22. **Which research method measures infants\' ability to track where they look when presented with stimuli?** - A\) Visual preference method - B\) Eye-tracking technology - C\) Visual cliff experiment - D\) EEG\ **Correct Answer:** B 23. **What is the significance of REM sleep for infants?** - A\) It helps with motor coordination - B\) It provides self-stimulation for brain development - C\) It is less important than deep sleep - D\) It occurs less frequently in infants than adults\ **Correct Answer:** B 24. **Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion typically expressed in infancy?** - A\) Joy - B\) Fear - C\) Guilt - D\) Sadness\ **Correct Answer:** C 25. **Which statement reflects the concept of \"goodness of fit\"?** - A\) Infants develop based on their environment - B\) Children learn to adapt when their temperament matches their environment - C\) Parents teach children emotional regulation by using scaffolding - D\) Goodness of fit reflects a child's ability to regulate motor development\ **Correct Answer:** B 26. **Which of the following senses is influenced by prenatal experiences such as exposure to specific flavors like carrot juice or garlic?** - A\) Hearing - B\) Touch - C\) Smell and taste - D\) Sight\ **Correct Answer:** C 27. **Which of the following factors influences individual differences in infants\' sleep patterns?** - A\) Consistent bedtime routines - B\) Exposure to REM sleep - C\) Gender of the infant - D\) Brain lateralization\ **Correct Answer:** A 28. **Which research study demonstrated the effect of a deprived environment on brain development in Romanian orphans?** - A\) Gibson\'s visual cliff experiment - B\) Adolph's research on safe slopes - C\) Romanian orphanage studies on brain activity and development - D\) Studies using the violation of expectations method\ **Correct Answer:** C 29. **What aspect of motor development is often influenced by cultural practices, such as the amount of time infants spend sitting unsupported or belly crawling?** - A\) Fine motor skills - B\) Gross motor skills - C\) Reflex development - D\) Sensory development\ **Correct Answer:** B 30. **According to the core knowledge approach, what type of knowledge are infants born with?** - A\) Language-specific knowledge - B\) Domain-specific knowledge systems like object permanence and number sense - C\) Knowledge of all sensory modalities - D\) Social knowledge related to attachment\ **Correct Answer:** B