Freud - Psychoanalytic Theory.pdf

FREUD: PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE  TRUE OR FALSE?  Freud regarded himself mostly as a philosopher.  Freud's data were based mostly on experimental investigation.  Defense mechanisms defend the id against anxiety.  Psychoanalytic doctrine is base...

FREUD: PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY PSYCHODYNAMIC PERSPECTIVE  TRUE OR FALSE?  Freud regarded himself mostly as a philosopher.  Freud's data were based mostly on experimental investigation.  Defense mechanisms defend the id against anxiety.  Psychoanalytic doctrine is based in part on Freud's analysis of his own dreams.  The superego serves the idealistic and moralistic principles. Biography of Sigmund Freud Levels of Mental Life Provinces of the Mind Dynamics of Personality Defense Mechanisms Stages of Development Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory Concept of Humanity OUTLINE   Jew born in the Czech Republic  Firstborn child from a blended family  Has 7 other siblings, but is the mother’s favorite child  No close relationships with siblings; hatred BIOGRAPHY towards brother Julius  Spent most of his life in Vienna  Drawn to medicine because of curiosity to human nature  Teaching and research in physiology  Practiced psychiatry and neurology Biography ❑ Jean-Martin Charcot Hypnotic technique to hysteria Psychogenic and sexual origin of hysterical symptoms Seduction theory for hysteria ❑ Josef Breuer Taught catharsis ‘Free association’ technique Anna O, “Studies on Hysteria” ❑ Wilhelm Fliess Beginnings of psychoanalysis and pre-birth of Freudian theory Biography ❑ Professional Isolation and Personal Crises Falling off with Breuer Started self-analysis and analyzing his own dreams ‘discovery’ that neuroses are caused by child’s seduction by a parent; known as Seduction Theory ❑ Illness and Addiction Cardiac lesion and addiction to cocaine ‘creative illness’; finished “Interpretation of Dreams” ❑ Difficulty in Friendships Falling off with Fliess, Adler, Jung, and other associates Biography ❑ Renewed Self-Confidence “On Dreams” “Psychopathology of Everyday Life”: Freudian slips “Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality”: sex as cornerstone of psychoanalysis “Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious”: jokes have unconscious meaning’’ ❑ Vienna Psychoanalytic Society Jewish followers Jung as the ‘Crown Prince’ World War I Biography ❑ Personal Qualities Sensitive, passionate person who had capacity for intimate, secretive relationships Deeply emotional relationships that often ends bitterly All relationships were with men Infrequent sex life; Anna was his only child Outstanding talent as a writer Intense intellectual curiosity and burning ambition Extremely ambivalent feelings towards his father and father figures Tendency to hold grudges disproportionate to the offense LEVELS OF  Exploration of the unconscious MENTAL LIFE  Primarily motivated by drives Levels of Mental Life Conscious mental elements in awareness at any given Preconscious point in time contains all those perceptual conscious elements that are not system and the mental Unconscious conscious but can structure drives and instincts become conscious beyond awareness but either quite readily or motivate most human with some difficulty behaviors Repression and phylogenetic endowment PROVINCES OF  three-part structural model of the THE MIND mind Provinces of the Mind Id Ego Superego The “it,” or the not-yet owned The “I”, only region in contact The “Above-I”, represents the component of personality with reality moral and ideal aspects of Serves the pleasure principle Serves the reality principle personality Serves the moralistic and idealistic principles Provinces of the Mind DYNAMICS OF  forces that motivate people PERSONALITY Dynamics of Personality Sex (Eros) – life instinct Drives (Instincts/Impulse) Aggression (Thanatos) – destructive instinct Neurotic anxiety Anxiety Moral anxiety Realistic anxiety   to avoid dealing directly with sexual DEFENSE and aggressive implosives MECHANISMS  to defend itself against the anxiety that accompanies them Defense Mechanisms forcing unwanted, anxiety-loaded experiences into Repression the unconscious Reaction repression of one impulse and the ostentatious Formation expression of its exact opposite redirection of unwanted urges onto other objects or Displacement people in order to disguise the original impulse psychic energy is blocked at one stage of Fixation development, making psychological change difficult Defense Mechanisms reverts to earlier, more infantile modes Regression of behavior seeing in others those unacceptable feelings or behaviors Projection that actually reside in one's own unconscious incorporation of positive qualities of another person Introjection into their own ego to reduce feelings of inferiority Sublimation elevation of the sexual instinct's aim to a higher level   Infantile stage (first 4 or 5 years of PSYCHOSEXUAL life) as the most crucial for personality STAGES OF formation DEVELOPMENT Stages of Psychosexual Development Infantile Latency Genital Maturity divided into from about begins with psychological three age 5 until puberty, maturity in subphases: puberty when which the oral, anal, sexual adolescents ego would and phallic instinct is experience a be in control partially reawakening suppressed of the genital aim of Eros Stages of Psychosexual Development Infantile Oral phase: primarily motivated to receive Period pleasure through the mouth Anal phase: satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior and through the excretory function Phallic phase: genital area becomes the leading erogenous zone Stages of Psychosexual Development Stages of Psychosexual Development Latency repress their sexual drive due to parental suppression Period direct their psychic energy toward school, friendships, hobbies, and other nonsexual activities Genital reawakening of the sexual aim Period different from phallic phase as erotism is directed towards others and reproduction is possible Stages of Psychosexual Development Maturity Physical maturity: full development of genitals Psychological maturity: a stage attained after a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal manner APPLICATION  dreams, free associations, slips of the OF PSYCHO- tongue, and neurotic symptoms of his ANALYTIC patients during therapy THEORY  history, literature, and works of art Application of the Psychoanalytic Theory Early Therapeutic Technique aggressive therapeutic technique in which he strongly suggested to patients that they had been sexually seduced as children Later Therapeutic Technique more passive type of psychotherapy, one that relied heavily on free association, dream interpretation, and transference Dream Analysis differentiated the manifest content from the latent content; used both dream symbols and the dreamer's associations to the dream content. Freudian Slips parapraxes are not chance accidents but reveal a person's true but unconscious intentions Application of the Psychoanalytic Theory RELATED  Was it science or mere armchair RESEARCH speculation? Related Research Pleasure and the Id, Repression, Unconscious Mental Inhibition and the Inhibition, and Dreams Processing Ego Defense Mechanisms pleasure-seeking neurochemistry of nonconscious mental remains an active drives have their sleep report processing of area of study for neurological origins activation of the information called personality in two brain - neurotransmitter “implicit” cognition researchers structures dopamine  CONCEPT OF HUMANITY Determinism Free choice  CONCEPT OF HUMANITY Pessimism Optimism  CONCEPT OF HUMANITY Causality Teleology  CONCEPT OF HUMANITY Conscious Unconscious  CONCEPT OF HUMANITY Social Biological  CONCEPT OF HUMANITY Uniqueness Similarities