Forensic Photography Reviewer PDF

# Module #11 ## Lesson title: Developing and printing - To produce a positive image the negative that is processed chemically should next be projected to photographic paper. - **Photographic printing:** the process whereby light is transmitted through the negative to produce a positive image on a...

# Module #11 ## Lesson title: Developing and printing - To produce a positive image the negative that is processed chemically should next be projected to photographic paper. - **Photographic printing:** the process whereby light is transmitted through the negative to produce a positive image on a light sensitive material. - **Sensitize material processing in photographic printing:** is photographic paper. - **Factors to consider in selecting negative:** 1. **Sharpness:** Clarity of the image on the negative. A sharp negative will produce a clear and detailed print. 2. **Density:** Amount of light that has passed through the negative. Properly dense negatives ensure the print will have good exposure with the right balance between light and dark areas. 3. **Contrast:** Is the difference between the darkness and the lightest part of the image. A negative with good contrast will produce a print with vibrant tones and a strong visual image. ## General Types of Photographic Printing - **Contact printing**: is a basic cost-effective method of creating photographic prints. - **Direct contact:** The photographic paper and negative are in direct contact with each other. This means the image paper will be the same size to the negative (without enlargement). - **Simplicity:** Can often have superior tonality (visible tone and shades, more detail). ## Enlarging - **Main purpose:** To enlarge the image from the negative onto a larger piece of photographic paper. **Projection printing** (often called enlarging). - **Projection printing:** A method of creating photographic prints where the image from a negative is made larger and projected onto photographic paper. - **Contact printing:** Where the same size as the negative. **Projection printing:** Allows you to make print much larger than the original negative. - **Main piece of equipment:** **Enlarger** - works by shining light through the negative. - **Enlarger:** It is a machine used in making enlargements. - The enlarger holds the negative in place and uses a lot of light source to project the image onto the photographic paper. - You can adjust the size of the image on the paper depending on how far or near to the photographic paper. (It gives flexibility on how big and small the final print will be.) - Give photographers a lot of creative control. - It is a specialized device that uses a light source, a lens and a system to hold the negative in place - **Printing** - **“Enlarger head”**: Main working part of enlarger. - **“Lamp”**: A light source that shines through the negative to project the image onto the photographic paper. - **“Lamp”**: Is the light bulb inside the enlarger that provides light necessary for printing process. The light passes through the negative and is used to expose photographic paper. - **“Condenser Lens”**: The optical lens that focuses the light as it creates the image that passes through to project onto the paper to negative image. - **“Enlarging lens”**: It is the optical lens that focuses the Image as it passes through to project onto the paper to negative image.. - **“Negative Carrier”**: Frame that holds the negative in place keeping it flat and level so that the image produced is sharp and clear. - **“Condenser lens”**: Is part of the enlarger optical system where the work is to spread and direct light from the lamp. - **“Negative carrier”**: Is a special holder that keeps the negative flat and level inside the enlarger to produce sharp images. - **“Enlarger column”**: Is a vertical support that holds enlarger head in place. It often serves as a rail allowing you to raise or lower the enlarger head to control the size of the projected image. - **- The higher the head the larger the image on the paper - “Elevating Control knob”**: Height control, controlling the distance. It is used to raise or lower the enlarger head along the enlarger column. By adjusting the height of the enlarger head you can control the size of the image projected onto the photographic paper. - Raising the head makes the image larger. - Lowering it makes the image smaller. - **Focusing knob or other term focusing control** - Part of the enlarger that manually turn or adjust to change the focus of the image. - **Small knob** on the side of the enlarger. You twist to move the lens or head up and down slightly. - **Adjusting the lens.** - **“Elevating Control knob”**: Control the size of the image by raising or lowering the enlarger head. - **Base board:** Is a flat surface at the bottom of the enlarger – support the entire unit and provide a stable platform on the photographic paper where you place the photographic paper that will be exposed to light and a negative to create the final print. - When you take a picture, light from the subject you are photographing will enter to the camera through the lens and hit the film. The film is coated with light sensitive chemicals. When light hits the film, it will react to the light, and an invisible image called latent image forms on the film. - **Latent image:** Is inside the camera to react to light. It is not visible because it is inside the camera. - **Negative image:** Film undergoes chemical processing until film of development to make the latent image visible. - **Developer:** Which reacts with the exposed areas with film. - **This process turns the latent image into a visible image** because the result of the visible image in the development process becomes a negative image. - **Positive process:** Become a negative image because the colors and brightness are reversed. The dark areas appear light and light areas appear dark on the film. - **Turn the negative image to a normal-looking photograph to positive image:** The negative is placed to enlarger or directly to photographic paper. Light is then shown after exposure, the photographic paper is developed using similar chemical process. The exposed paper is placed to developer chemical. The **positive image** is the final image: a photo or photograph, meaning it looks like the original scene of colors and brightness. - **Latent image:** Invisible image form on the film while taking a picture. - **Negative image:** Visible to a reversed image on the film after it undergoes chemical development. - **Positive image:** The final image that you see on photographic paper after exposure and development in printing process.