Forensic Photography Student Activity Sheet PDF

Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________...

Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ Materials: Student Handbook and ORIENTATION AND COURSE OVERVIEW Course Outline References: OVERVIEW OF THE SUBJECT (CRI 198 POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY): Forensic Photography deals with the concept of operation of camera and its accessories, and the factors affecting its mechanical process; it also involves the requisite crime scene photography under various conditions and the presentation of which in the court of justice. COURSE OUTLINE: WEEK DAY TOPIC/ACTIVITY 1 DAY 0 Introduction to the modalities (Flex and RAD), setting house rules and classroom management, overview of the subject, and distribution of materials DAY 1 Lesson 1. Historical Development of Photography 1. Introduction to Photography and definition of important terms. 2. Important Personalities and dates in the field of photography. 3. Essential Elements of Photography. 2 DAY 2 Lesson 2. Principles of Photography and its importance to Criminal Investigation 1. Principles of Photography 2. Photography in Law Enforcement Field. 3. Significance of Forensic Photography. 4. Types of Photographers in Law Enforcement. DAY 3 Lesson 3. Photographic rays- its nature and characteristics 1. Light, wavelength and frequency. 1  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ 2. Theories of Light. 3. Four photographic rays. 3 DAY 4 Lesson 4. Light: Its sources, Properties and Angle 1. Effects of Light. 2. Types of Light. 3. Colors of Light (Primary and Secondary Colors) 4. Properties of Light. 5. Sources of Light. 6. Forensic Light Sources DAY 5 Lesson 5. Summative Lesson 5. Camera: Its basic parts, types and function 1. Early forms of camera 2. Classification of camera 3. Essential parts of a camera 4. Digital Parts of the Camera and its functions 4 DAY 6 Lesson 6. Lenses: Types and Defects 1. Lens 2. Types and characteristics of lenses 3. Defect of lenses DAY 7 Lesson 7. Camera Accessories 1. Shutter and its type 2. Exposure 3. Flash photography 4. Photographic filters 5 DAY 8 1st Periodical Examination DAY 9 Lesson 9. Sensitized material: Film 1. Photographic film and its types. 2. Emulsion 3. Characteristics of Black and White Film 4. Characteristics of Color Film 6 DAY 10 Lesson 10. Sensitized material: Photographic Paper 1. Photographic paper and its uses. 2. Types of photographic paper. 3. Characteristics of Photographic paper. 2  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ DAY 11 Lesson 11. Chemical Processing 1. Chemical Processing 2. Stages of Chemical Processing 3. Dark Room Photography 4. Film processing procedure 7 Day 12 Lesson 12. Summative Lesson 12. Developing and Printing 1. Photographic printing 2. Types of photographic printing 3. Enlarger parts and its function 4. Enlarging procedure 5. Special techniques 6. Factors affecting developing time Day 13 Lesson 13. Crime Scene Photography 1. Objectives and importance of crime scene photography 2. Procedure of crime scene investigation. 3. Kinds of photographs taken at the scene of crime. 4. Guidelines in taking photographs at the crime scene. 8 Day 14 Lesson 14. Surveillance Photography 1. Objectives and importance of Surveillance photography. 2. Preparation of photographic documentation of surveillance photography. Day 15 Lesson 15. Investigative Photography 1. Importance and use of investigative report. 2. Types of Investigative Photography. 9 Day 16 2nd Periodical Examination Day 17 Lesson 17. Digital vs Analog Camera/Photography 1. Introduction and importance of Digital and Analog Photography and its camera parts. 2. Distinction of Digital and Analog Photography. 3. Advantages and Disadvantages of digital and traditional camera. 10 Day 18 Lesson 18. Macrophotography and Microphotography 3  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ 1. Macrophotography and its uses 2. Microphotography and its uses 3. Distinction of Macrophotography and Microphotography Day 19 Lesson 19. Infrared and Ultraviolet Photography 1. Infrared and Ultraviolet Photography and its application to Law enforcement field. 2. Distinction of its uses and importance. 11 Day 20 Lesson 20. Summative Lesson 20. Preparation of Photographic Evidence 1. Procedures in Preparation and Securing of Photographic Evidence a. Fingerprint b. Toolmarks c. Blood d. Questioned Document and other evidence Day 21 Lesson 21. Admissibility of Photographic Evidence 1. Rules on Admissibility of photographic evidence 2. Techniques in demonstrating evidence prints 12 Day 22 Lesson 22. Jurisprudence of Photographic Evidence 1. Legal foundation of photographic evidence 2. Legal foundation of digital photograph Day 23 Lesson 23. Electronic Evidence 1. Rules in Electronic Evidence (R.A 8792) 2. Guidelines in securing Digital Photographs 13 Day 24 Comprehensive Examination Day 25 3rd Periodical Examination COURSE REQUIREMENTS: 1. First Period, Second Period, and Final Period; 2. Active class participation regular attendance and everybody must prepare a personalized prayer to be rendered before the class starts; 3. Wearing of school ID’s and prescribed uniform; 4. Males are not allowed to wear earrings; 4 x 5 haircuts for males must be observed; 4  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ 5. Cheating is dealt as a major offense and carried a consequence of DROPPED; 6. Drunkenness is not allowed. Observe the proper classroom environment; 7. Fifteen minutes late is considered absent and seven consecutive absences are considered as dropped. Cell phones must be TURNED OFF as the class starts; otherwise, it will be confiscated; 8. Bring with you your own paper, notebook and ball pen; and 9. Submission of the accomplished SAS, collection of summative assessments, submission of chapters 1-3 (trimmed down). RULES DURING THE SESSION: 1. Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds especially after you have been in a public place, or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing; 2. If soap and water are not readily available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol; 3. Cover all surfaces of your hands and rub them together until they feel dry; 4. Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth with unwashed hands; 5. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. If possible, maintain 6 feet between the people who is sick; 6. Put distance between yourself and other people. Remember that some people without symptoms may be able to spread virus; 7. Cover your mouth and nose with a cloth face cover when around others; 8. You could spread COVID-19 to others even if you do not feel sick; 9. You should wear a cloth face cover when they have to go out in public, for example to the grocery store or to pick up other necessities; 10. The cloth face cover is meant to protect other people in case you are infected; 11. Continue to keep about 6 feet between yourself and others. The cloth face cover is not a substitute for social distancing; 12. Shaking hands with classmates is not allowed; 13. Cover coughs and sneezes; 14. If you are around others and do not have on your cloth face covering, remember to always cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze or use the inside of your elbow and do not spit; 14. Throw used tissues in the trash; 15. Immediately wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. If soap and water are not readily available, clean your hands with a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol. GRADING SYSTEM: For Second Year board subjects offered in the regular term, the formula for the Final Grade is: FG = (0.20 x P1) + (0.20 x P2) + (0.20 x P3) + (0.40 x FE) Where: FG refers to the Final Grade P1 refers to the First Period Grade P2 refers to the Second Period Grade P3 refers to the Third Period Grade FE refers to the Final Examination 5  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ The 1st Periodical Grade is computed as follows: P1 = (CS x 2/3) + (P1E)/3 The 2nd Periodical Grade is computed as follows: P2 = (CS x 2 /3) + (P2Es/3) + (P1G/2) The 3rd Periodical Grade is computed as follows: P3 = (CS x 2 /3) + (P3ES/3) + P2G/2 Class Standing composed primarily of the finished modules whether in school or at home. GATHERING OF STUDENT DATA (Can be made through Google Forms): Complete Name: ___________________________________________________________ Age: _________________________________________ Sex: _________________________________________ Civil Status: ___________________________________ Contact Number: _______________________________ Year Level: ___________________________________ Email Address: ________________________________ FB Account: __________________________________ Permanent Address: ________________________________________________________________ Father’s Name: _______________________________ Occupation: _______________________ Mother’s Name: _______________________________ Occupation: _______________________ Father’s Contact Number: _______________________________ Mother’s Contact Number: _______________________________ Temporary (Boarding house’s Address): _________________________________________________ Landlord’s/Landlady’s Contact Number: _________________________________________________ Guardian’s Contact Number: _______________________________ 6  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ Scholarship Obtained in School: _______________________________ CREATING GROUP CHATS: Rules to be observed: 1. Be Kind and Courteous We're all in this together to create a welcoming environment. Let's treat everyone with respect. Healthy debates are natural, but kindness is required at ALL times. We can't tell you not to post anything political (especially during these times), but if you disagree with someone, please do so with kindness and respect. No trolling, please! Comment threads that get to mean shall be closed. 2. No Hate Speech or Bullying Make sure everyone feels safe. Bullying of any kind isn't allowed, and degrading comments about things like race, religion, culture, sexual orientation, gender or identity will not be tolerated. 3. No Selling or Spam Posts No IFs, ANDs, or BUTs. Posts of this nature will not be approved. Comments that sell or spam others shall be deleted. 4. Respect Everyone's Privacy Being part of the group requires mutual trust. Authentic, expressive discussions make groups great, but may also be sensitive and private. What is shared in the group should stay in the group. 5. Use the Search Bar We will be using this Facebook Group to pass on official announcements from the school. We will also have recurring themes for many discussions. Some of the hashtags that you'll be seeing a lot of will be: #Ask (if you want to asking something about the lesson) 6. For Meme posts that to lighten the mood, share a joke, and celebrate weird victories. (These posts are subject to the Group Adviser's approval.) Use this #MemeLang DISTRIBUTION OF MATERIALS: SOURCES: 7  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Orientation Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ https://www.thinglink.com/scene/330571647486525441 https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/classification-approaches-web-enhanced-learning/11249 https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/prevention.html https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/Pages/Teachingandremotelearning.aspx https://www.edutopia.org/article/7-guiding-principles-parents-teaching-home 8  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: Historical Background of Photography Materials: Worksheets Lesson Objectives: References: Villarba, Waynefred At the end of this module, you should be able to: H. “Forensic Photography for 1. Recognize the historical development of photography Criminology Students and 2. Define the basic terms in forensic photography Practitioner A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Introduction Hello everyone! Let us start this semester with a bang by reading the syllabus and the grading system for this course. Also, today we will start discussing our first topic, which is about the meaning and historical development of photography. Forensic photography is one of the major subjects in the curriculum of the criminology course. Now that we are done with the course orientation, are you ready to learn? B. MAIN LESSON Content Notes and Skill Building INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY The fundamental principle of photography involves the capture of light on either a photographic emulsion or an electronic sensor. The history of photography begins with the discovery of the principle of a camera obscura and the realization that some substances change visibly when exposed to light. The term "photography," which literally means "drawing with light," refers to the practice of capturing a visual representation of an object or scene on light-sensitive film or, more recently, digital electronic or magnetic memory. In today's world, photography seems to have permeated just about every facet of existence as a form of communication and documentation. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 1  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES: 1. Thomas Wedgewood (1820) He made the first reliably documented although unsuccessful attempt of producing photographs. 2. Joseph Nicéphore Niépce of France (1816) He succeeded but several days of exposure in the camera were required. He took the world’s very first photograph called “Heliography” 3. John W. Herschel He coined the word photography. The Greek roots/etymology of the word photography: a. Phos or Fos - means “light" b. Grapho or Grafo – means “to draw," or “to write” 4. William Henry Fox Talbot (1839) He is the Father of modern Photography He invented the Calotype (paper based), which produces a negative picture on a paper, the lights on the image were recorded as darks, the darks as lights. 5. Louise Jacques Mande Daguerre (1838-1839) A Parisian painter and theater designer who continued the efforts of Niepce to perfect the photographic process. He invented the Daguerre type or Daguerreotype process (metal based) in Paris and first publicly announced photographic process (Commercialized in the year of 1839). 6. Frederick Scott Archer He pioneered the wet Collodion process which took place of the calotype known as collodion type process. Collodion process is a photographic process that produced a negative image on a transparent photographic medium, usually made in glass. 7. Edwin H. Land (1947) Introduced “polaroid” the one step photography. 8. Steve Sasson (1975) An American Electrical Engineer who invented the digital camera. 9. Sir Isaac Newton (1666) An English Philosopher, Mathematician, and Physicist who discovered and proved that the strongest light is white light. 10. George Eastman He introduced the use of roll film made of celluloid materials for use by a portable camera. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 2  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Camera Obscura and Camera Lucida Camera Obscura (13-14 centuries) The instrument that people used for processing pictures was called the Camera Obscura (which is Latin for the Dark Room). It is essentially a dark, closed space in the shape of a box with a hole on one side of it. The hole has to be small enough in proportion to the box to make the camera obscura work properly. The way it works is that due, to optical laws, the light coming through a tiny hole transform and creates an image on the surface that it meets, i.e., the wall of the box. The image from camera obscura was mirrored and upside down, however, so basically everything that makes today’s analogue camera’s principles different to camera obscura ones are the mirrors and the film which is used to capture and preserve the image created by the light. Camera obscura was a prototype of the modern photo camera. Latin term: ⮚ CAMERA- room/chamber ⮚ OBSCURA- dark Camera Lucida: A History In 1807, Sir William Hyde Wollaston patented the camera lucida and brought life-drawing to a whole new level.: A prism on an adjustable stand. When an artist looks down through the prism, they see the world in front of them, plus their hand on the page, combined in perfect superimposition. In short, a camera lucida allows you to trace what you see. And it does so in full daylight; there’s no need for a dark shroud or enclosure, as with a camera obscura. And that is the magic of the camera lucida: it’s portable, easy to use, and—with a little practice—you just copy the world onto your page with a confident hand. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 3  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT TERMS 1. PHOTOGRAPHY – It is an art or science which deals with the reproduction of images through the action of light, upon sensitized materials, with the aid of a camera and its accessories, and the chemical processes involved therein. 2. FORENSIC - Derived from the Latin word “Forum” which means “a market place” where people gathered for public discussion. When used in conjunction with other science it connotes a relationship to the administration of justice. It is sometimes used interchangeably with the word legal. 3. FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY- is an art or science of photographically documenting a crime scene and evidence for laboratory examination and analysis for purposes of court trial. 4. POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY - the application of the principles of photography in relation to the police work and in the administration of justice. 5. PHOTOGRAPH - A mechanical and chemical result of Photography. Picture and photograph are not the same for a picture is a generic term is referring to all kinds of formed image while a photograph is an image that can only be a product of photography. Photographs are also a means of communication. It is a language sometimes defined as the “most universal of all languages”. Photography has an advantage as a language because it does not rely upon abstract symbols-words. Photography thus is more direct and less subject to misunderstanding. FOUR ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF PHOTOGRAPHY 1. Light or electromagnetic radiation – the source of it may either be natural or artificial light. 2. Sensitized Materials – materials which are sensitive to light such as the photographic films and photographic paper. 3. Camera and its accessories – a light tight box which maybe of different type, size and use. 4. Chemical Process – a process in photography which involves use of chemicals to develop and fix latent prints on the film to develop and fix images onto photographic paper. The process involves time, temperature, concentration of solutions and degree of agitation. NOTE: In addition, photography considers subject or object as the fifth element of photography; it refers to animate and inanimate things, persons, or materials that shall be the subject or object of photography. Skill Building Activities (5 mins) Instructions: Briefly discuss the evolution of photography for not less than 5 sentences. (10pts) ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Check for Understanding (5 mins) Instruction: Carefully read each question and circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (5pts) This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 4  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 1. What is known as the mechanical and chemical result of photography? a. Photography c. Forensic b. Photograph d. Picture 2. What is the birth year of photography? a. 1872 c. 1998 b. 1990 d. 1839 3. Forensic is derived from the Latin word forum, which means _____. a. Dark c. Room b. To Draw d. Market place 4. Who is considered as the Father of Modern Photography? a. John Herschel c. Isaac Newton b. William Henry Fox Talbot d. Joseph Nicephore Niepce 5. Which of the following is known as essentially a dark, closed space in the shape of a box with a hole on one side of it? a. Photograph c. Heliography b. Camera Obscura d. Camera Lucida C. LESSON WRAP-UP Summary: The basic concept of photography has been around since about the 5th century B.C.E. It wasn't until a scientist developed something called the camera obscura in the 11th century that the art was born. Even then, the camera did not actually record images, it simply projected them onto another surface. FAQs 1. What are the important dates in the field of Photography? 1826- Nicephore takes the first permanent photograph, a landscape that required eight hours of exposure. 1839 - the birth year of photography 1871- The gelatin emulsion is invented by Richard Maddox. 1872 - creates the first color photograph 1887- Celluloid film base introduced. 1988 - the arrival of true digital cameras This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 5  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 1990 - Kodak unveiled the DCS 100, the first commercially available digital cameras. 1994 - The first digital cameras for the consumer-level market that worked with a home computer via a serial cable were the Apple Quick Take 100 camera. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 6  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Thinking about Learning Now, kindly mark your place in the work tracker by encircling the corresponding number. This work tracker will help you see how much work you have accomplished and how much work is left to do. Before ending this session, let us see how you progress in this activity. 1. What part of the lesson is difficult for you? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What strategy worked for you in finishing this activity? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 7  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 1 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Laboratory Activity #1 References: Historical Background of Photography Villarba, Waynefred H. “Forensic Photography for Criminology Lesson Objectives: Students and Practitioner At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: a.To explore the beginning and the development of Photography b.To distinguish daguerreotype from calotype. INTRODUCTION The roots of photography extend back further than you might assume. In the 4th Century BC, Aristotle made use of the principles of the camera obscura, in which an image is projected through a small hole. Through a camera obscura’s pinhole, the image of the world is often reversed or upside-down. While our notion of a camera has evolved dramatically, the “camera obscura” is considered the ancient building block upon which further revolutionary developments and inventions in the field of photography were built. Activity 1. Directions: Create a chart that illustrates the historical development of Photography. This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION 8  Course Code: Forensic Photography Teacher’s Guide: Module # 1 Name: _________________________________________________________________ Class number: _______ Section: ____________ Schedule: _______________________________________ Date: _______________ Activity 2. Directions: Read the question carefully and write your answer on the space provided. 1. What is the distinction between the Daguerreotype and Calotype processes? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Briefly explain Police Photography in contrast with Forensic photography. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you think is the greatest contribution of the camera obscura to the discovery of Photography? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Activity 3. Directions: Define or describe the following keywords using your own ideas. 1. Photograph ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Photography ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: Principles of Photography and its importance to Worksheets Criminal Investigation References: Villarba, Waynefred H. “Forensic Photography for Lesson Objectives: Criminology Students and At the end of this module, you should be able to: Practitioner 1. Explain the importance of Forensic photography. 2. Discuss the significance of Photography in Police work and in criminal investigation. A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Introduction Hello! It is a beautiful day to start a new topic, isn’t it? I am very sure that you are very eager to learn a new topic which is all about the principles of photography and its importance to criminal investigation. But before you proceed for today’s challenging activities, let’s have a review first. Who among you here could still remember the distinction between police and forensic photography? B. MAIN LESSON Content Notes and Skill Building PHOTOGRAPHY IN LAW ENFORCEMENT Forensic science holds the branch of Forensic photography which encompasses documenting both suspected and convicted criminals, and also the crime scenes, victims, and other evidence needed to make a conviction. Although photography was widely acknowledged as the most accurate way to depict and document people and objects, it was not until key developments in the late 19th century that it came to be widely accepted as a forensic means of identification. Forensic photography resulted from the modernization of criminal justice systems and the power of photographic realism. A. SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY Forensic Photography also known as forensic imaging or crime scene photography relates to photography undertaken within a legal context. It combines both science and art for the purpose of recording and preserving the initial appearance of the crime scene and physical evidence, in order to provide a permanent record for the courts. Forensic photography and police photography are used interchangeably. 1. A picture is worth a thousand words and it is especially true in crime scene photography 2. Photography is the basis of all crime scenes and is carried out on priority. 3. Forensic Photography is an integral part of trial and the judgement often is based upon crime scene photographs to prove prima facie evidence. 1 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 4. It is considered as an indispensable instrument in criminal investigation. 5. It always played a vital part in criminal investigation. 6. It acts as a tool in crime solution in bringing offender to justice. 7. Modern policing considers photography as more than just a way to record evidence or identify a known criminal, it plays an important part in all aspect of forensic science. B. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY 1. A photograph is the mechanical and chemical result of photography. 2. To produce a photograph, light is needed aside from sensitized materials. 3. Lights reflected or radiated by a subject must reach the sensitized materials while all other lights must be excluded. 4. The exclusion of all unwanted and unnecessary lights is achieved by placing the sensitized material inside a camera. 5. The amount of light on the sensitized material after exposure is not immediately visible to the eyes. 6. To make the formed image visible, it must undergo the development process. 7. The visual effect that results from the chemical processing is dependent on the quantity and quality of the exposing light. 8. More light will yield an opaque or black shade on the sensitized material after development. 9. Too little light will produce a transparent or white shade. 10. The varying shade of gray will finally from the complete image. C. IMPORTANCE/SIGNIFICANCE OF FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY 1. Small objects but of great importance in a crime committed may escape in the first phase of examination by the investigator but maybe seen and recorded on the photograph. 2. A good photograph of the scene is a permanent record which is always available especially in court presentation, in court proceedings; fiscals and defense lawyers have generally never visited the scene of the crime. As a general rule, take many photographs of the crime scene and select the best. 3. Used as an aid by investigator to describe in court some of the details of the crime scene they have investigated several months ago, the small details and exact locations of objects. 4. To assist the investigators in using photographic equipment and techniques in their effort to solve crimes. D. OBJECTIVES OF POLICE PHOTOGRAPHY 1. To produce a pictorial record of everything pertaining to the crime. 2. To help in keeping the police officer’s memory accurately as possible as to where the find things. 3. To help on securing and obtaining confession, disposition and information relating to the case. E. BASIC IMPORTANCE OF CRIME SCENE PHOTOGRAPHY 2 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 1. Refresh memory 2. Preserve time and event 3. Save money F. SPECIFIC APPLICATION 1. Identification photographs 2. Crime scene photography 3. Court presentation PHOTOGRAPHER IN LAW ENFORCEMENT Photography, in the law enforcement field, is a diversified subject. Perhaps the best way to describe what is needed is to break the field into three groups (lab technicians, crime scene specialists, and forensic photographer). Who is a Photographer? Photographer is a person who is logical, analytical and realistic thinker, and pay full attention to every detail of the image and for them authority matters. He or she focus on sharp photos, white balance, shadows, and highlights. His or her photography is well-organized, and he or she is concerned about the precision and sharpness in creating an image of an object. Moreover, the “photographer” is individual person who focus his or her efforts on, and enjoy the general aspects of photography. The “photographer” can discuss to other people about camera equipment, and believe in order, pay attention to details, and like having control over all aspects of the work. Realistic images and the control offered by studio photography are attractive to them, as well as the practical challenges and outcomes of event photography. The photographer is not particularly interested in and maybe even look down on “artistic photography.” Their photo is with a comprehensive set of keywords and precisely defined file names. 3 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 3 types of photographers in Law enforcement field 1. Lab Technician - is the darkroom expert. They are responsible for all film development, both black & white and color. They also produce black & white and color enlargements, as well as 1:1. In addition, they are responsible for all copy work and the logging and filing of all negatives. 2. Crime Scene Specialist (CSS)- is trained in a variety of subjects, including photography. Their mission is to cover all crime scenes by photographing it, gathering and packaging evidence, dusting and lifting of fingerprints, making measurements, and drawing the crime scene to scale. A CSS is also required to photograph bodies at the scene and at autopsies. They are non-sworn and are not required to carry a firearm. 3. Forensic Photographer- is an expert in the photo sciences field. He has knowledge beyond the basics of exposure and film development. He is rarely called to a crime scene unless special photography is required, such as ultraviolet or Luminol photography. Skill-building Activities (5mins) Instructions: Briefly discuss the significance of photography in the field of law enforcement and criminal investigation. (10pts) 4 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Check for Understanding (5mins) Instruction: Carefully read each question and circle the letter corresponding to the best answer. (5pts) 1. Who is also known as a dark room expert? a. CSS c. Forensic Photographer b. Lab Technician d. Photographer 2. Which of the following is rarely called unless special photography is required? a. CSS c. Forensic Photographer b. Lab Technician d. Photographer 3. Which of the following has the most basic knowledge in terms of photography and has a duty to photograph the whole crime scene? a. CSS c. Forensic Photographer b. Lab Technician d. Photographer 4. This is a person who is a logical, analytical, and realistic thinker, pays full attention to every detail of the image, and for them, authority matters. They can also discuss camera equipment with other people, believe in order, pay attention to details, and like having control over all aspects of the work. a. CSS c. Forensic Photographer b. Lab Technician d. Photographer 5. The following are the basic importance of crime scene photography, EXCEPT: a. Refresh memory c. Preserve time and event b. Save money d. Provide pictorial record C. LESSON WRAP-UP Summary: Working in a law enforcement photo lab is a busy, technically complex, and interesting way to use your photographic expertise. Police photographers must have the ability to take professional portraits and the skill to do forensic photography as well. They are often partnered with police officers or investigators to get photos 5 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ ready for court or for the media. The photographs were not considered evidence in themselves earlier but were intended to provide visual documentation of the scene and the locations of the evidence within the scene. Photographs taken at the crime scene allowed the judges and lawyers to recreate that scene for later analysis or for use in the courtroom. The two most important aspects of photography are the use of digital camera equipment and the training or skill of the photographer. Since cameras cannot produce the same view that the human eye sees, it is the photographer's use of the camera settings that can affect what can or cannot be seen in a photograph. Therefore, a trained photographer recognizes difficult lighting situations and adjusts the camera settings accordingly. While, by following the guidelines for accuracy and integrity of a crime scene photograph, it shall become admissible to be presented in court of law. FAQs 1. What are the uses of photography in police work? General Application of Photography in Police Work 1. Identification purposes a. Prisoners, person subject of investigation b. Unidentified cadavers (victims of crimes, traffic accident, explosions, calamities etc.) c. Missing persons d. Loss of stolen properties e. Identification of civilian (clearance for employment like PNP, NBI, VISA, Passport) 2. Recording and preserving evidences a. Crime scene b. Traffic accident c. Object of evidences d. Evidential traces (fingerprint, footprint, and toolmarks) 3. Discovering and proving of evidences not readily seen by the naked eye a. Contrast control by lighting, use of filters, use of different films and papers. b. Magnification or enlargement of tiny objects by the application of photomicrography and photomacrography. c. Use of invisible radiation like x-rays, ultraviolet rays and infra-red rays 4. Recording action of offender a. Surveillance b. Entrapment c. Extra-judicial confession d. Re-enactment of a crime 5. For court exhibits a. Individual photographs b. Slide projections c. Comparison charts d. Motion picture or video coverage/presentation 6. For crime prevention 6 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ a. Visual presentation for lectures on traffic education, drug prevention seminars, informational services, and others. 7. Public information a. Photograph for press release, posters of wanted criminals, crime alerts, etc. 8. Police training a. Prepared training films or video presentation of personnel indoctrination, police tactics, investigative techniques, traffic control, civil disturbances controls, riots or prison disorders, documentaries for pre-and post-briefings on police operations, etc. 2. What are the 6 cardinal points of criminal investigation? Answer: What, Who, Where, When, Why and How Thinking about Learning Now, kindly mark your place in the work tracker by encircling the corresponding number. This work tracker will help you see how much work you have accomplished and how much work is left to do. Before ending this session, let us see how you progress in this activity. 1. What part of the lesson is difficult for you? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What strategy worked for you in finishing this activity? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Laboratory Activity #2 References: Principles of Photography and its importance to Criminal Villarba, Waynefred H. “Forensic Investigation Photography for Criminology Students and Practitioner Lesson Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. To identify the significance of photography in criminal investigation. 2. To apply the basic principles of photography. INTRODUCTION Photography is an indispensable tool in modern law enforcement, aiding investigators in capturing and documenting crucial evidence. From crime scene documentation to suspect identification, this resource will explore the fundamental principles of photography, equipment selection, and techniques necessary to effectively utilize photography in the field of law enforcement. Activity 1. Directions: Using your smartphone or camera, take a photograph of any subject to illustrate the basic types of exposure. You may print and paste your work on the box and write your observation in the given space.. 8 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 2 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Activity 2. Directions: Read the question carefully and write your answer on the space provided. 1. What was the first use of Photography in the field of law enforcement? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ 2. In today's time, what is the primary purpose of photography in law enforcement? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ 3. In your own words, explain the importance of photography in criminal investigation? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ 9 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: Photographic rays- its nature and characteristics Materials: Worksheets Lesson Objectives: At the end of this module, you should be able to: References: Villarba, Waynefred 1. Explain the importance of light in photography. H. “Forensic Photography for 2. Describe the characteristics of lights. Criminology Students and Practitioner A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Introduction Good day! You have done a great job in your previous modules, congratulations! After discussing the Significance of Photography in law enforcement and criminal investigation, this time we will move on the Photographic rays and its nature and characteristics. At the end of this module should be able to explain the importance of light in photography and describe the characteristics of light. B. MAIN LESSON Content Notes and Skill Building LIGHT AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS Light is one of number of known forms of radiant electromagnetic energy which travel in wave motion. Actually, there are other theories that explains the behavior of light but for one purpose, the wave theory is the only one considered. This form of energy travels at speed of about 186,000 miles per second in air, but they differ in wavelength and frequency. It takes about 8 minutes for the light to travel from the sun to reach the earth. 1 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ THEORIES OF LIGHT 2 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ FOUR PHOTOGRAPHIC RAYS 3 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Skill Building Activities (5mins) Instructions: Briefly answer the following questions. 1. Illustrate the behavior of light (wavelength) and label the parts. 2. Differentiate wavelength from frequency? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ 3. How does light travel? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________ Check for Understanding (5 mins) 1. Enumerate and identify the wavelength of the four photographic rays? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ 4 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 2. Explain briefly the importance of the four photographic rays? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ C. LESSON WRAP-UP Summary: Light is made up of multiple different wavelengths, and each wavelength corresponds to a different color. The color we see is a result of a wavelength being reflected from the object we are viewing. The visible spectrum is the spectrum of light which is visible and distinguishable to the naked eye, and this spectrum ranges from dark red at 700 nm to violet at 400 nm. If there is one essential ingredient for photography, it is light and photography is nothing but writing and painting with light. It really wouldn’t matter how much money you put into your lenses and cameras if they were unable to gather, focus, direct, and record light, your gear would be nothing FAQs What are the different energies in the electromagnetic spectrum: ▪ Cosmic rays ▪ Gamma Rays ▪ X-rays ▪ Ultra violet rays ▪ Visible light ▪ Infrared rays ▪ Heat rays ▪ Hertzian rays and alternating Current oscillations. Thinking about Learning You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Instruction: There are two (2) parts of this activity; first, I would like to ask you what part of the lesson that you found easy and difficult to answer and why? And then on the second part would be your self-evaluation on 5 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ achieving the learning targets. What part of the lesson did you find easy EASY DIFFICULT and difficult to answer and why? Write it on the space provided. What part of the lesson? Why? 6 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Laboratory Activity #3 References: Photographic rays- its nature and characteristics Villarba, Waynefred H. “Forensic Photography for Criminology Lesson Objectives: Students and Practitioner At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Discuss and differentiate the uses of Infrared and Ultraviolet Photography 2. Discuss the characteristics of light INTRODUCTION Both ultraviolet and infrared photography offer a visible interpretation of an invisible state - no one has ever seen what the subject looks like under these radiations because the retina is insensitive to them. Ultraviolet photography is a photographic process of recording images by using radiation from the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum only. Images taken with ultraviolet radiation serve a number of scientific, medical or artistic purposes. Images may reveal deterioration of art works or structures not apparent under light. Infrared photography uses infrared light to expose photos, a form of electromagnetic radiation that lies below the visible spectrum. Humans cannot see infrared light, but camera sensors can, and this IR sensitivity can be used to create images. Activity 1. Instructions: 1. Provide a sample of photo taken with Infrared and Ultraviolet Photography. 2. Describe the how it is being used or how it helps in crime scene investigation. 7 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 3 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Sample Photo (Ultraviolet) Sample Photo (Infrared) 8 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: Light: Its sources, Properties and Angle Materials Worksheets Lesson Objectives: At the end of this module, you should be able to: References: Villarba, Waynefred 1. Identify types of light and its properties. H. “Forensic Photography for 2. Differentiate primary light and secondary light. Criminology Students and 3. Classify the sources of light. Practitioner A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Introduction Today’s activity is a continuation of the previous topic, because it still talks about light, though this time, we will focus on the effects and types of light. Your activity yesterday mainly focused on the importance of light in photography and the theories of light. For today’s activity you will be able to identify the types of light and to familiarize the primary or secondary light. B. MAIN LESSON Content Notes and Skill Building EFFECTS OF LIGHT WHEN IT HITS AN OBJECT When a light wave hits an object, what happens to it depends on the energy of the light wave, the natural frequency at which electrons vibrate in the material and the strength with which the atoms in the material hold on to their electrons. Based on these three factors, four different things can happen when light hits an object: 1. The waves can be reflected or scattered off the object. 2. The waves can be absorbed by the object. 3. The waves can be refracted through the object. 4. The waves can pass through the object with no effect. RAT LAW Once light encounters an interference of some kind, its fate can be separated into three general categories: The RAT LAW; Reflected, Absorbed. and Transmitted 1 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ GENERAL TYPES OF LIGHT 1. Visible Light ⮚ Light with a wavelength of 400-700 nm 2. Invisible Light ⮚ Lights with shorter of longer wavelength 2 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ White Light When all the wavelengths between 400-700 nm are presented to the eye in nearly equal quantity, we get the sensation or perception of colorless or white light. If a narrow beam of white light is allowed to pass a prism it will bend the light of a shorter wavelength more than those with longer wavelength thus speeding them out into the visible spectrum. These are the colors of the rainbow. Note: White light is the sum total of all colors of the rainbow while Black is the absence of all colors. If we will divide the wavelength of visible light into three, we will produce: ✔ Blue ✔ Green ✔ Red Primary and Secondary colors of light Complementary Colors: Colors opposite one another on the color wheel. It can be used very effectively in visual art, including photography. 3 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Properties of Light 1. Reflection It is the deflection or bouncing back of light when it hits a surface. a. Regular Happens when light hits a flat, smooth and shiny surface. b. Irregular of diffused Occurs when light hits a rough or uneven but glossy object. 2. Refraction The bending of light when passing from one medium to another. 3. Diffraction The bending of light when it hits a sharp edge opaque object.’ 4. Rectilinear The nature of light that normally travels in straight line. 4 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 5. Interference Color can be produced by interference of light waves in thin film like in soap bubbles or a film of oil floating in water. The light reflected from the top surface of such a film undergoes a reversal or phase but light reflected from the bottom of the surface does not undergo this type of change. 6. Absorption The nature of light to be absorbed in the process of dark surface. 5 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 7. Filtration The character of light to be altered from its colorless into visible state. 8. Polarization The process by which the vibration of light is confined to a definite plane, and the speed of light can be measured. 9. Fluorescence These happen when molecules of the fluorescent material absorb energy at one wavelength and radiate it at another wavelength. 6 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ SOURCES OF LIGHT 1. Natural Coming from nature like the sun, moon, stars, other heavenly bodies, lightning, etc. The intensity of the sunlight falling on open space varies depending on the weather condition, time of the day, or even time of the year. For more accurate exposure at daylight, only one characteristic is considered – the kind of shadow casted by an object in open space. a. Bright Sunlight - A lighting condition where objects in open space cast a deep and uniform or distinct shadow. b. Hazy Sunlight - Objects in open space cast a transparent shadow. c. Dull Sunlight - Objects in open space cast no shadow. Cloudy Bright - Objects in an open space cast no shadow but objects at far distant are clearly visible. Cloudy dull - Objects in an open space cast no shadow and visibility of distant objects are already limited. Bright Sunlight Hazy Sunlight Cloudy Bright Cloudy Dull 2. Artificial 7 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Light sources of this category are man-made and are divided into the continuous radiation and short duration. a. Continuous Radiation Those that can give continuous illumination. b. Short Illumination (flash unit) It gives a brief flash of light produced by a burning metallic wire (flash bulb) or an electrical discharge through a gas-filled tube (electronic flash). The flash bulb is no longer available in the market but electronic flash remains very popular. The electronic flash offers a great light output in a compact, lightweight and economical form. Because it is battery powered, it is more convenient for field work where AC current is not available. FORENSIC LIGHT SOURCES Applied to a wide variety of relatively inexpensive light sources which us filtered white light. 1. Ultra violet lamp It comes in variety of shape, sizes and power. Some units are portable battery operated and are easily carried and can meet the rugged and rigorous demand for field work. 2. Laser – Light amplification through simulated emission of radiation By illumination certain items with LASER, they would fluoresce or could be made to stand out in sharp contrast with their background. This was especially significant in locating dried biological stains. It provided a way for criminalist to finally see, locate, and visually record evidence that they know that they had been missing. Quite expensive. 3. Alternative Light Source (ALS) Far more inexpensive alternative to Forensic Laser. It uses a variety of band pass filters to provide a high intensity beam of a non-coherent light. 8 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Skill Building Activities (5 mins) 3. Explain briefly the important use of colors in photography? 4. Differentiate the primary colors to the secondary colors of light? Check for Understanding (10 mins) Instructions: Watch the video clip and distinguish the visible light from invisible light. Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O0PawPSdk28&t=28s ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 9 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ What will happen when a light hits an object? ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ C. LESSON WRAP-UP Summary: The most important characteristics of visible light are color which is both an inherent property of light and an artifact of the human eye. Our eyes include specialized cells known as cones. These cones act as receivers that are tuned to the wavelength of the narrowband of the EM spectrum. The human eye sees color over wavelengths ranging roughly from 400 nanometers (violet) to 700 nanometers (red). Light from 400–700 nanometers (nm) is called visible light, or the visible spectrum because humans can see it. Light outside of this range may be visible to other organisms but cannot be perceived by the human eye. Colors of light that correspond to narrow wavelength bands (monochromatic light) are the pure spectral colors learned using the ROYGBIV acronym: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. FAQs What are kinds of object as to how they behave to light: 1. Transparent Object ⮚ Allows sufficient visible light to pass through them that the object on the other side may be clearly seen. 2. Translucent Object ⮚ Allows light to pass, however diffuse it sufficiently that objects on the other side may not be clearly distinguished. 3. Opaque Object ⮚ So greatly diffuse the light that recognizing the object on the other side is very difficult if not impossible. Thinking about Learning You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just completed today. You mark the place in the work tracker which is simply a visual to help you to track how much work you have accomplished and how much work there is left to do. I would like to ask you what part of the lesson that you found easy and difficult to answer and why? 10 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 4 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ What part of the lesson did you find easy EASY DIFFICULT and difficult to answer and why? Write it on the space provided. What part of the lesson? Why? 11 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 5 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ Lesson Title: Camera: Its basic parts, types and function Materials Worksheets Lesson Objectives: References: Villarba, Waynefred At the end of this module, you should be able to: H. “Forensic Photography for 1. Explain the function of camera. Criminology Students and 2. Enumerate the basic parts of camera and its functions. Practitioner A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW Introduction Hello! It is a beautiful day, isn’t it? I am very sure that you are very eager to learn. Our lesson yesterday was all about the properties and the source of light. For today’s lesson we will tackle all the basic parts and functions of the camera. B. MAIN LESSON Content Notes and Skill Building CAMERA AND ITS ACCESSORIES A camera is basically nothing more than a light tight box with a pinhole or a lens, shutter at one end and a holder of sensitized material at the other. While there are various kinds of camera from the simplest construction (Box-type) to the most complicated, all operate on the same principles. The exposure of the sensitized material to light is controlled by the lens and its aperture, and the shutter through its speed in opening and closing the lens to light. Types of Cameras 1. Camera Obscura 2. Camera Lucida 3. Pinhole Camera 4. Box Camera 5. View Finder Type – it is considered as the smallest and the simplest type of camera. 6. View or Press type – is considered the biggest and expensive type of camera, used for movie making 7. Polaroid Still -This camera is restricted in its uses but ideal in instant photograph when there is no requirement for enlargements. 1 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 5 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 8. Underwater Camera - Designed for underwater photography. 9. Wide View angle Camera - A camera with a wide-angle lens that produces a rectangular image that is designed for landscape photography and architectural photography. 10. Panoramic Camera - Used for landscaping photography. It is easy to use by encompassing a 120®, 180®, or 360® view of one exposure. 11. Still Video Camera - Images can be stored in video tapes equipment with a floppy disc, a disc that can hold about 50 images or more. 12. Reflex Camera a. Single Lens Reflex Camera – it is a type of camera best suited for police work due to its interchangeability of the lens b. Twin Lens Reflex Camera – A type of camera with dual lens, one for focusing and the other for forming the image. PARALLAX - The difference between what is seen through the viewfinder and what is exactly recorded on the film. 13. Digital camera​(​digicam​) -​is a camera that encodes digital images and videos digitally and stores them for later reproduction. Most cameras sold today are digital, and digital cameras are incorporated into many devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones (called camera phones) to vehicles. a. 1975 Kodak digital camera prototype - Created in 1975 by Steve Sasson, an engineer at Kodak, the first ever digital camera was a fairly rudimentary affair compared to what we use today. b. 1994 Apple QuickTake 100 - The first digital cameras for the consumer-level market that worked with a home computer via a serial cable were the Apple Quick Take 100 camera. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA 1. Body or Light Tight Box – suggest an enclosure devoid or light. An enclosure, which would prevent light from exposing the sensitized material inside the camera. This does not necessarily mean that the box or enclosure to always light tight at all the time because if it does, then no light could reach the sensitized material during exposure. It means that before and after the extraneous light, which is not necessary to form the final images. 2. Lens – the function of the lens is to focus the light coming from the subject. It is chiefly responsible for the sharpness of the image formed through which light passes during the exposure. 2 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 5 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 3. Shutter – is used to allow light to enter through the lens and reach the film for a pre-determined interval of time, which light is again blocked off from the film. 4. Holder of sensitized material – located at the opposite side of the lens. Its function is to hold firmly the sensitized material in its placed during exposure to prevent the formation of a multiple or blurred image of the subject. 3 This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION  Course Code: CRI 198 Course Title: Forensic Photography Student’s Activity Sheet: Module 5 Name: ____________________________________________________________ Score: _______________ Section: ___________________________________________________________ Date: ________________ 5. View-