First Aid (1) off-pages.pdf

Frontier Airlines Initial Training 1  Determine Nature of the Illness The Flight Attendant will not diagnose an illness but will seek information that might shed light on why the passenger is having various symptoms. The Flight Attendant’s job is to...

Frontier Airlines Initial Training 1  Determine Nature of the Illness The Flight Attendant will not diagnose an illness but will seek information that might shed light on why the passenger is having various symptoms. The Flight Attendant’s job is to look for symptoms and treat them using the equipment available. Request the Captain to call STAT-MD for EVERY Medical Emergency on the ground and in the air! FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 4 4  Determining Symptoms If the passenger is able to speak, the Flight Attendant should ask questions to help determine the symptoms. What seems to be the problem? How do you feel? Where does it hurt? Has this happened before? When? How often? Are you taking any medications, shots or treatments? Are you under the care of a physician for any medical condition? How can I help you? FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 6 6  Determining Symptoms, cont. If a passenger is unable to speak, the Flight Attendant should look for any type of medical alert symbols, markings, jewelry or wallet cards indicating any known medical issues. May also ask traveling companions. FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 7 7  Duties in a First Aid Emergency First Flight Attendant on the scene: Gathers information to determine symptoms. Administers first aid within the level of training and adapts to the situation, as necessary. Is responsible for the passenger until relieved by rescue personnel. Alerts other Flight Attendants as needed: “Call the Captain to contact STAT-MD” “Page for medical assistance and bring me the AED” FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 9 9  Duties a First Aid Emergency, cont. 2nd Flight Attendant on the scene: Gathers first-aid equipment. Seeks additional help if necessary-Request medical assistance from qualified passengers. 3rd Flight Attendant on the scene: Notifies the Captain and keeps him/her advised. 4th and 5th Flight Attendant on the scene: Assists as needed. Tends to the passengers in the cabin. FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 10 10  Requesting for Medical Assistance If medical assistance is offered, ask for identification. Credentials must always be checked before relinquishing duties. Credentials can include but are not limited to a Driver’s License with MD designator or current Nursing, Paramedic or EMT license. Brief the assisting medical personnel about the situation. Record the name and certification level of the medical personnel on the Inflight Medical Incident Report. FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 11 11  Inflight Medical Report The Inflight Medical Incident Report, is used to obtain and give the Flight Deck more information regarding the medical situation. The report must be completed when contacting STAT-MD, however, is not required to initiate contact. ALL Flight Attendants must complete an Inflight Incident Report on ProsafeT within 24 hours of returning to domicile. FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 12 12  First Aid Equipment In the event of a First Aid Emergency, Flight Attendants have equipment and resources available. STAT-MD Biohazard Kit Emergency Medical Kit (EMK) Portable Oxygen Bottle (POB) Automated External Defibrillator (AED) FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 14 14  STAT-MD 24-hour Medical Assistance Hotline at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. In-flight and on the ground medical emergencies. Will assist in deciding severity of emergency and possibility of diverting flight. Crew illnesses and injuries on layovers. Follows care through release from hospital. “Fit to fly” medical concerns for crew and passengers. To initiate the patch to STAT-MD only basic (approximate age, sex, conditions) are needed—NOT A COMPLETED MEDICAL INCIDENT REPORT. FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 15 15  Biohazard Kit Used to protect against the transmission of Blood Borne Pathogens Contents 1 biohazard containment bag (red) 1 facemask with eye protection 1 plastic protective gown 1 pair of latex gloves 1 antimicrobial hand wipe 1 package of solidifier agent 1 pick up scoop 1 surface wipe FAM 35.15 ADDITIONAL CABIN EQUIPMENT 18 18  Blood Borne Pathogens Blood Borne Pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms present in human blood that can cause disease in humans. Any bodily fluid may contain blood. All body fluids shall be considered potentially infectious. Precautions must be taken to prevent contact with potentially infectious body fluids. If you come in contact with the blood, use alcohol wipes found in the AED pouch to sterilize, and call STAT-MD immediately. Report any contact considered as a contaminating exposure to a member of Inflight Leadership. FAM 25.10 PROTECTION FROM BLOOD BORNE AND AIRBORNE PATHOGENS (INFECTIOUS DISEASES) 19 19  Blood Borne Pathogen Transmission Methods of transmission: A prick from a needle used by an infected person. Human bites from an infected person. Exposure of broken skin to the body fluids of an infected person. Exposure of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, or mouth to the body fluids of an infected area. Air borne: Transmission by respiratory droplets in the air. FAM 25.10 PROTECTION FROM BLOOD BORNE AND AIRBORNE PATHOGENS (INFECTIOUS DISEASES) 20 20  Blood Borne Pathogens Prevention Immediately protect yourself! Put on gloves - Found in the Biohazard Kit, EMK, First Aid Kit, AED (Supplemental Pouch) Obtain Body Fluid Cleanup Kit (Biohazard Kit). Put on protection equipment; face shield and a plastic apron. Dispose of items soaked with blood in the red trash bag found in the kit. Place bag in an AFT lavatory trash bin. Lock lavatory to quarantine. Alert A/C appearance or station of a biohazard in the appropriate lavatory. If blood is on clothing, change immediately. FAM 25.10 PROTECTION FROM BLOOD BORNE AND AIRBORNE PATHOGENS (INFECTIOUS DISEASES) 21 21  Sharps Shuttles A Sharps Shuttle is a portable medical waste disposal container made of puncture-resistant material used for disposal of contaminated needles. There are two (2) Sharps Shuttles located in the Flight Attendant Supply Drawer. Sharps Shuttles are not a “No-Go” item. The Emergency Medical Kit (EMK) currently has Sharps Shuttles; however, they are not easily accessible as Flight Attendants cannot open an EMK without approval. The Sharps Shuttles in the EMK may vary in size and color from the ones stocked in the FA Supply Drawer. REF: Must-Read: 23-90 – Sharps Shuttle Procedures 22 22  Sharps Shuttles Procedure If a customer advises they need to discard a needle: 1. Obtain the Sharps Shuttle from the FA Supply Drawer. 2. Obtain a Body Fluid Cleanup Kit from the FA Supply Drawer. The biohazard containment bag and gloves are all that will be utilized from the kit. 3. Don protective gloves. 4. Provide the Sharps Shuttle to the customer and advise them to place the needle into the container with the needle facing the tip of the container. 5. Take the container from the customer and lock the lid. 6. Place the container into the biohazard containment bag along with the used protective gear. 7. Seal the red biohazard bag. 8. Place the red biohazard bag in a lavatory waste receptacle. REF: Must-Read: 23-90 – Sharps Shuttle Procedures 23 23  Sharps Shuttles Procedure, cont. 9. Lock off the lavatory. 10.Notify the Captain that a biohazard bag has been used, where it is being stored, and that the inbound station needs to be notified during the in-range call for proper retrieval. 11.Station personnel will remove the biohazard bag per their station procedures. Should a Flight Attendant find a needle or need to dispose of one during a medical event, the same procedures should be followed except the Flight Attendant will be the one placing the needle in the Sharps Shuttle. If a second red biohazard containment bag is used for any reason, it may be stored in the same lavatory waste receptacle as the first bag. REF: Must-Read: 23-90 – Sharps Shuttle Procedures 24 24  Glove Removal After handling a first aid emergency, it is important to remove the gloves properly to prevent exposure from any blood borne pathogens. FAM 25.10 PROTECTION FROM BLOOD BORNE AND AIRBORNE PATHOGENS (INFECTIOUS DISEASES) 25 25  Emergency Medical Kit (EMK) The EMK is used for life threating emergencies in flight. For use by medical personnel only. Flight Attendant may use specific items under the direction of STAT-MD or the Captain. The outer pocket of the EMK that contains the stethoscope and blood pressure cuff can be accessed without STAT-MD or the Captain’s permission. FAM 20.15 FIRST-AID KITS AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT FAM 35.10 CABIN EQUIPMENT 26 26  Emergency Medical Kit (EMK), cont. BLUE - airway BLACK – wound equipment ORANGE – injectable medications GREEN – needles/syringes RED – I/V equipment YELLOW – miscellaneous medication FAM 20.15 FIRST-AID KITS AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT FAM 35.10 CABIN EQUIPMENT 27 27  Emergency Medical Kit (EMK), cont. After use of an EMK, follow EMK resealing instructions contained within the EMK interior. FAM 20.15 FIRST-AID KITS AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT FAM 35.10 CABIN EQUIPMENT 28 28  FAA Exemption Due to a shortage of some products, an FAA Exemption has been issued allowing Frontier to receive/use Emergency Medical Kits (EMKs) with certain missing items. Frontier can still utilize EMKs with missing items received prior to that date. If an EMK is missing items, a tag will be placed on the outside of the EMK identifying the (exempted) missing items. FAM 20.15 FIRST-AID KITS AND EMERGENCY MEDICAL KIT FAM 35.10 CABIN EQUIPMENT 29 29  Portable Oxygen Bottle (POB) Single Outlet Dual Outlet POB POB High flow = 4 LPM Low flow = 2 LPM Do not let the gauge fall below 500 PSI, Flight Attendants need to monitor the gauge. The remaining O2 may be needed for other possible emergencies. FAM 25.12 PORTABLE OXYGEN BOTTLE (POB) USAGE FAM 35.10 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 30 30  Portable Oxygen Bottle (POB), cont. Ensure mask is plugged into high- flow valve (Dual Outlet POB). Remove mask from protective cover Turn POB on and ensure oxygen is flowing: Hold mask to face to feel for flow. Oxygen should be odorless and colorless. Place mask over passenger’s mouth and nose. FAM 25.12 PORTABLE OXYGEN BOTTLE (POB) USAGE FAM 35.10 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 31 31  Securing the POB POB may be strapped into an empty seat next to the passenger and may remain in the seat for landing. Ensure that the POB is padded with coats/aprons and a seatbelt is around the POB. FAM 25.12 PORTABLE OXYGEN BOTTLE (POB) USAGE FAM 35.10 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 32 32  Securing the POB, cont. The POB should not be left unsecured or stored on the floor underneath the seat in front of the passenger unless they are in a window seat. The POB should not be secured in an airbag seat belt. FAM 25.12 PORTABLE OXYGEN BOTTLE (POB) USAGE FAM 35.10 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 33 33  After POB Use Ensure POB is turned completely off; depleted bottles can be costly and cause major delays. Disconnect mask from POB and place in airsick bag in the overhead bin-follow biohazard procedures if necessary. Attach a clean spare mask to the bottle. Return POB to brackets. File Cabin Condition Report to get the POB serviced/replaced. File an Incident Report (ProSafeT) online within 24 hours. FAM 25.12 PORTABLE OXYGEN BOTTLE (POB) USAGE FAM 35.10 EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT 34 34 Automatic External Defibrillator (AED) FR2 FRX FAM 35.10 CABIN EQUIPMENT 35 35  Medical Emergencies and Treatments 36 36  Assessment Basics The A, B, Cs of assessment are simple: A-Airway B-Breathing C-Check for Signs of Life/Circulation FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 37 37 Administering First Aid During Landing Flight Attendants may continue providing care during landing (i.e., not be in his/her jumpseat.) Remaining Flight Attendants will ensure both the “A” and “B” jumpseats (doors) are covered. FAM 25.05 GUIDELINES FOR FIRST AID CARE 38 38  Sudden Illness 39 39  Stroke Situation Action Flushed, red appearance Contact STAT-MD. Confusion Administer high-flow Headache oxygen. May complain of numbness or Keep at rest with head one-sided paralysis (usually to slightly elevated. extremities or face) Give nothing by mouth Unequal pupils Monitor airway. Difficulty with speech or vision May lose consciousness FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 40 40  Stroke – Signs and Symptoms When stroke strikes Act F.A.S.T. 41 41  Seizures Situation Action Total or partial loss of Contact STAT-MD. consciousness usually a sudden Do not place anything in onset passenger's mouth. Body becomes rigid and may Do not try to restrain be followed by jerking movement. movements Pad the area (especially near May be caused by extreme heat, head). a diabetic condition, injury to Provide oxygen when victim the brain or epilepsy regains consciousness. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 42 42  Post Seizure Care Make passenger comfortable/calm and reassure. Provide as much privacy as possible- victim may have lost control of bowels or bladder. Monitor A,B,Cs. Consciousness should gradually return. Passenger may be unaware of what occurred and feel physically drained. Administer high-flow oxygen. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 43 43  Diabetic Emergency Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) Situation Passenger may complain of hunger Skin may appear pale, cool and sweaty Shakiness, dizziness, weakness Decreased coordination Blurred vision Headache Passenger may appear intoxicated FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 44 44  Diabetic Emergency Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia) Action Contact STAT-MD. Contact STAT-MD. Conscious Unconscious Treat with sugar or orange Move to floor, provide juice. high-flow oxygen. Offer food when condition Treat using gloved finger improves. to place sugar between Administer high-flow. cheek and gums of victim. Continue to monitor symptoms. Carefully monitor airway. Look for medical alter emblem. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 45 45  Oral Glucose Gel – 15 grams of sugar Indications for administering glucose gel: Suspected hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) Used with STAT-MD physician’s orders. 1) Administer tube ¼ at a time. 2) Allow gel to absorb in the membranes in the mouth. 3) Document time(s). 1 tube in EMK FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 46 46  Diabetic Emergency High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycemia) Situation Action Excessive Contact STAT-MD urination, thirst, Conscious dry hot skin and Place passenger in reclining position. drowsiness Administer oxygen. General weakness Watch for airway obstruction. May have deep labored breathing Unconscious and fruity odor to Administer high flow oxygen. breath Look for medical alert emblem. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 47 47  Allergic Reaction Situation Action May be caused by something Contact STAT-MD. ingested, inhaled, absorbed or Monitor victim constantly- injected Allergic shock can lead to May complain of itching or hives sudden death. Difficulty breathing, tightness in Look for MEDIC ALERT chest emblem. Wheezing Provide high-flow oxygen, if Swollen face/tongue, swelling in passenger is short of breath; throat keep sitting upright. Weak or rapid pulse Seek medical attention immediately. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 48 48  Poisoning Situation Action Burns or stains around victim’s Contact STAT-MD mouth Conscious: Unusual breath or body odors Maintain open airway. Abnormal breathing/pulse rate Try to determine what was Dilated or constricted pupils taken. Vomiting/diarrhea If becomes unconscious: Abdominal pain Maintain open airway. Place victim on side; provide high flow oxygen. Seek medical attention. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 49 49  Food Poisoning Situation Action Vomiting Contact STAT-MD. Abdominal cramps/pain Loosen clothing/open air Diarrhea vents. Make passenger comfortable. Provide air sick bag. Attempt to determine what passenger came into contact with. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 50 50  Abdominal Pain Situation Action Rigid and/or tender abdomen Contact STAT-MD. Nausea/vomiting Place victim at rest on back, Pain may be constant or with legs flexed. intermittent Provide oxygen. Give nothing by mouth. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 51 51  Air Sickness Situation Action Nausea/vomiting Contact STAT-MD. Skin may appear pale/sweaty Loosen clothing. Provide air sick bag. Recline seat, if possible. Open air vents. Apply cold compress to forehead or back of neck. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 52 52  Animal Bites Situation Action Bitemark or tear to Contact with STAT-MD. skin from a Control bleeding. domesticated Scrub wound with soap and water. animal Cover with 4-inch bandage compress. Check with animal’s owner for current rabies inoculation. Victim should consult doctor as soon as possible. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 53 53  Cardiac Emergencies Situation Action Contact STAT-MD. Chest Pain-usually in the center of Administer high flow oxygen the chest; may come and go Ask passenger if they have Develops when heart needs more medication (Nitroglycerin oxygen Tablets.) Skin may appear pale, cool, and Seek out medical assistance. clammy Loosen clothing. Rarely last more than 10 mins. Offer aspirin if available. Usually relieved with Monitor closely-if condition Nitroglycerin and rest worsens refer to heat attack section. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 55 55  Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Situation Action Victim has persistent pain or Contact STAT-MD. pressure in chest; not relieved by Administer high flow oxygen resting, oxygen or medication Ask victim if they have Pain may radiate to arm, medication. shoulder or jaw Seek out medical assistance. Pulse rate may be slower or Loosen clothing and make faster than normal victim comfortable. Victim may describe pain as If victim becomes pressure, squeezing, tightness, unresponsive, move to floor aching or heaviness in chest and begin ABCs. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 56 56  Nitroglycerin Tablets Nitroglycerin is medication that causes the arteries and veins in the body to dilate. This allows for increased oxygenated blood flow. Administering Nitroglycerin Contact STAT-MD. Keep passenger sitting. Administer (1) tablet w/ gloved finger, under tongue. Provide high-flow oxygen. Monitor passenger for changes. Continue communication with STAT-MD. Side effects may include: headache, dizziness, rapid heart rate, dry mouth, low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 57 57  Drug Overdose-Stimulants Situation Action Confusion, hallucinations Contact STAT-MD. Irritability/paranoia Prevent passenger from Aggressive/hostile behavior causing injury to self or Dilated or pin-point pupils others. Rapid pulse/breathing Provide oxygen. Reassure passenger. Request assistance on the ground from paramedics and/or law enforcement. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 59 59  Drug Overdose-Depressants/Sedatives Situation Action Appears Contact STAT-MD. sleepy/lethargic Prevent from causing harm to self or Slowed pulse others. rate/breathing Provide oxygen. Dilated or pin- May respond to coffee/tea. point pupils If loss of consciousness, move to floor and assess A,B,Cs. Request assistance on the ground from paramedics and/or law enforcement. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 60 60  Ear Distress Situation Action Pain in ear radiating from Contact STAT-MD. neck Encourage passenger to yawn or swallow. Have passenger pinch nose and blow. Offer water to sip. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 61 61  Pregnancy and Labor Situation Action Passenger complains of Contact STAT-MD. contractions or labor pains Move passenger to floor. Contractions in frequent intervals Determine frequency and Bleeding duration of pains. Water has broken Give nothing by mouth. When delivery is imminent Monitor well being of mother and child throughout. Make provision for birth Protect child from cold stress after the birth. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 62 62  Eye Injuries Situation Action Contact STAT-MD for each instance Foreign objects Have passenger blink/flush eye to clear. Have passenger look up/down/side to side. Cut eyeball Dress loosely, do not apply direct pressure. Do not attempt to remove object. Impaled objects Loosely dress both eyes to prevent sympathetic movement of the inured eye. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 63 63  Near Fainting Situation Action Dizziness/weakness Contact STAT-MD. Skin may appear If standing: pale or ashen gray Immediately assist passenger to the floor and feel cool and and elevate lower extremities. clammy Administer high flow oxygen/loosen Distorted vision clothing. Nausea Give nothing by mouth. If sitting: Open air vents and administer oxygen. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 64 64  Fainting Situation Action Brief loss of Contact STAT-MD. consciousness Position passenger on back and elevate feet Skin may appear Open airway (tilt head, lift chin.) pale or ashen gray Administer high flow oxygen. and feel cool and Continue to monitor symptoms. clammy If passenger vomits, turn on side and monitor airway. If passenger does not regain consciousness in 1-2 minutes, pass ammonia inhalant 3-6 inches under nose. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 65 65  Hyperventilation Situation Action Carbon dioxide level of blood is Contact STAT-MD. lowered due to heavy breathing Calm and reassure victim. Often a result of fear or anxiety Slow passenger’s breathing by Numbness or tingling in talking to him/her. fingertips and toes Explain what is happening. Confusion or dizziness Do NOT have victim breath through a paper bag unless directed to do so by STAT-MD. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 66 66  Shock Situation Action Cold, clammy skin Treatment and prevention of shock are the Pale, bluish skin same: color Contact STAT-MD. Weakness Provide high flow oxygen. Restlessness Have victim lie down; legs should be Rapid/shallow slightly elevated to improve blood flow. breathing Seek immediate medical attention. Low blood Maintain body temperature; keep warm pressure/dry mouth with coats or other covering. Do not elevate legs if there is suspected head injury. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 67 67  Respiratory Difficulty Situation Action Shortness of breath Contact STAT-MD. Labored, rapid breathing Maintain open airway. Unusual breathing (wheezing) Provide high flow oxygen. Blue or gray color to lips or skin Have victim stay in sitting Restlessness/confusion position to ensure good air movement. Rapid/slow pulse rate Ensure problem is not cause by airway obstruction. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 68 68  Burns 69 69  1st Degree Burn Situation Action Involves only the top layer of Contact STAT-MD. skin Apply cold compress or Skin appears red and dry immerse affected area in cool May have slight swelling water. Usually very painful Cover with clean sterile dressing. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 70 70  2nd Degree Burn Situation Action Involves 1st and 2nd layer of Contact STAT-MD. skin Treat as first-degree burn. Skin appears red and may have Do not break open blisters. blisters Apply thick, dry sterile Pain and swelling dressing. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 71 71  3rd Degree Burns Situation Action Destroys all layers of skin Contact STAT-MD. Skin may appear black/brown Treat for shock. May have charred appearance Apply think dry, sterile. Can be either extremely painful dressing to keep out air. or painless if the burn destroys Seek medical attention the nerve ending immediately. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 72 72  Chemical Burns Situation Action Burns to skin or Contact STAT-MD. eye area Flush affected area continuously with clean water for at least 15 minutes. Remove any contaminated clothing (protect yourself with latex gloves). Apply sterile dressing to burns involving skin. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 73 73  Electrical Burns Situation Action Burns from an Contact STAT-MD. electrical source Be sure passenger is away from May have two source before attempting to help. wounds-an Check breathing and pulse. entrance and an Cover with dry sterile dressing. exit wound Do not attempt to cool the burn. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 74 74  Wounds Bleeding 75 75  Bleeding Situation Action Minor bleeding Contact STAT-MD. Surface wounds Obtain gloves. Control bleeding with direct pressure. Depending on size of wound, apply either band-aid or bandage compress from First Aid Kit. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 76 76  Severe Bleeding Situation Action Uncontrollable Contact STAT-MD. bleeding Obtain gloves. Venous Bleeding Apply direct pressure/elevation. (dark red blood) If direct pressure fails to stop bleeding, see Arterial Bleeding “Pressure Points” (next slide). (bright red blood) Provide oxygen. Treat for shock. If first bandage become saturated, do not remove, apply additional dressing. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 77 77  Severe Bleeding-Pressure Points Pressure Points Brachial Brachial Upper extremity – Artery Artery Pressure to point over brachial artery Lower extremity – Femoral Femoral Artery Artery Pressure to point over femoral artery FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 78 78  Nosebleed Situation Action Blood running Contact STAT-MD. from the nose Sit victim up, leaning forward, with head slightly elevated. Have passenger breathe through mouth Press bleeding nostril against middle part of nose. Seek medical attention if bleeding does not stop. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 79 79  Wounds-Bruise Situation Action Occurs due to damage to soft Contact STAT-MD. tissues and blood vessels that Cold compress. cause bleeding under the skin Elevate area. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 80 80  Wounds-Scrape (Abrasion) Situation Action Skin that has been rubbed or Contact STAT-MD. scraped away Clean affected area. Can easily become infected Apply dry sterile dressing if not kept clean or band-aid, depending on Minimal bleeding the size of the wound. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 81 81  Wounds-Cut (Incisions, Laceration) Situation Action Commonly caused by sharp Contact STAT-MD. objects Clean affected area. Cuts usually bleed freely; Apply direct pressure to deep cuts can bleed severely wound. Can easily become infected if Elevate area. not kept clean Apply dry sterile dressing. If bandage becomes saturated, do not remove and apply additional dressing. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 82 82  Wounds-Avulsion (Skin Tear) Situation Action Portion of skin or soft tissue Contact STAT-MD. is torn partially or Clean affected area. completely away Apply direct pressure to Significant bleeding wound. Can easily become infected Elevate area. if not kept clean Apply dry sterile dressing If bandage becomes. saturated, do not remove and apply additional dressing. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 83 83  Wounds- Puncture Situation Action Caused when a pointed object Contact STAT-MD. pierces the skin Clean affected area. Usually minimal bleeding Apply direct pressure to wound. Bleeding can be severe if object Elevate area. damages major blood vessels or Apply dry sterile dressing. internal organs If bandage becomes saturated, do not remove and apply additional dressing. Advise passenger to consider getting a Tetanus shot. FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 84 84  Injuries To Muscles, Joints and Bones FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 85 85  Sprains and Strains Situation Action Sprains Contact STAT-MD. Tearing of ligament at a joint Immobilize and elevate injured Joints most easily injured are the area. knee, wrists and fingers Apply ice to area; offer Pain and swelling Ibuprofen to reduce pain and swelling. Strains Tearing of muscles that attach muscle to bone (tendons) FAM 25.20 MEDICAL EMERGENCIES AND TREATMENTS 86 86  Dehydration Optimum comfort is approximately 50% humidity Cabin humidity on long-distance, high altitude flights fall well below 10%, in many cases approaching 1% Without adequate water intake, both health and mental awareness may deteriorate quickly 89 89  Dehydration - Prevention Drink at least eight ounces of water when flying. Limit coffee intake, as it has diuretic properties, i.e., it squeezes water out of the cells. After long flights, consider taking a bath to replenish moisture through the pores. 90 90  Conscious Choking - Adult/Child FAM 25.30 CONSCIOUS CHOKING 91 91  Conscious Choking - Adult/Child Partial Airway Obstruction: Symptoms: Coughing Difficulty breathing and talking Treatment: Encourage victim to cough. Do not interfere with his/her attempt to clear throat. Continue to observe victim in the event the situation worsens. FAM 25.30 CONSCIOUS CHOKING 92 92  Conscious Choking - Adult/Child Full Airway Obstruction: Symptoms: May clutch throat Suddenly becomes quiet, unable to make a sound Look of alarm on victim’s face May become blue and may lose consciousness Treatment: Back blows & abdominal thrusts. Repeat until object removed or adult/child becomes unconscious. FAM 25.30 CONSCIOUS CHOKING 93 93  Conscious Choking - Infant FAM 25.30 CONSCIOUS CHOKING 94 94  Conscious Choking - Infant Symptoms: No sound, turning blue Treatment: 5 back blows and 5 chest compressions This can be done from a standing or sitting position. Keep the head much lower than the feet to use gravity. Remove object only if visible, but don’t blindly sweep to find the object. Repeat until object becomes dislodged or infant passes out. FAM 25.30 CONSCIOUS CHOKING 95 95  Conscious to Unconscious If a conscious passenger becomes unconscious, gently lower them to the floor. FAM 25.30 CONSCIOUS CHOKING FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO 96 UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 96  Checking the Unconscious Check Check Call Care FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 97 97  Check-Check-Call-Care (ABCs) Check Check the scene for safety. Are the carts put away? Are the latches down? Is there anything that can may be potentially dangerous? Is there anyone lurking behind me that may be a threat? FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 98 98  Check-Check-Call-Care (ABCs) Check Check the scene for safety. Check Check patient for consciousness. Adult/child: Infant: Tap bottom of shake and shout. feet and shout “baby, baby, are you ok?” FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 99 99  Check-Check-Call-Care (ABCs) Check Check the scene for safety. Check Check patient for consciousness. Call Call for help: “Call the Captain to contact STAT-MD” “Page for medical assistance and bring me the AED” FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 100 100  Check-Check-Call-Care (ABCs) Care Place passenger on back and assess ABCs: A-Airway B-Breathing C-Check for Signs of Life/Circulation FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 101 101  Check-Check-Call-Care (ABCs) Care: A A – Airway: Open the airway (Head tilt, chin lift) (Eyes to the sky) FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 102 102  Check-Check-Call-Care (ABCs) Care: B B – Breathing: Look, Listen and Feel for breaths (10 secs) Chest rising and falling Hear breathing Feel breath on side of face FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 103 103  CPR: Breathing If not breathing, Obtain Pocket Mask. Place mask over passenger’s nose and mouth. Seal outer edge of mask with both hands keeping airway open. Adult/Child: Infant: Mask point down Mask point up FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 104 104  CPR: Breathing Deliver 2 slow steady breaths. If breaths go in, Check for Signs of Life/Circulation. If your 1st two breaths don’t go in: Reposition the head. If breaths go in, Check for Attempt two more rescue Signs of Life/Circulation. breaths. If 2nd rescue breaths do not go in: Visually check in mouth for foreign object or obstruction (Do not blind sweep.) If object found, remove and begin from “B.” If no object, Treat for Unconscious Choking: chest compressions. FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 105 105  Check-Check-Call-Care (ABCs) Care: C C – Check for Signs of Life/Circulation Adult – quick scan for Child – 2 fingers on Infant– 2 fingers on moving or breathing the carotid artery the brachial artery for for 10 seconds 10 seconds If No Signs of Life, begin CPR: chest compressions/2 breaths. FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 106 106  CPR: Chest Compressions Adult Use two-handed compressions. Place heel of on hand at the center of the victim’s chest between the nipples. Place one hand on top and interlock fingers. Depth: 1.5 – 2 inches FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 107 107  CPR: Chest Compressions Infant Child Two-finger One-handed compressions compressions Depth: 1-1.5 inches Depth: ½ to 1 inch FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 108 108  CPR until D.A.R.N Complete 5 CPR cycles (about 2 minutes) Reassess or stop for D.A.R.N. D – Danger A – AED Arrives R – Return to Signs of Life N – New Qualified person FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 109 109  Staying Alive 110 110  A, B, C Review 1 2 3 Head tilt, chin lift Look, listen and Deliver 2 breaths feel for breaths 4 5 6 Quick scan for life No signs of life: Deliver 30 compressions/ begin CPR 2 breaths FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 111 111  Child/Infant Rescue Breathing Performed when a Child (0 to 12yrs) has lost the ability to breathe independently and has a pulse. ❑ Under 12? ❑ Unconscious? ❑ Not breathing? ❑ Has a pulse? RESCUE BREATHING! FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 112 112  Child/Infant Rescue Breathing 1 gentle puff every 3 seconds (“Winnie the Pooh”) 1 second per puff 2 minutes have passed, Reassess airway and breathing If breathing is detected: High-flow oxygen. Return to caregiver. Continue to monitor. FAM 25.25 RESPONSE TO UNCONSCIOUS VICTIMS 113 113  Post Resuscitation Care Once the passenger has a pulse and is breathing, Place passenger in recovery position to protect the airway. Administer oxygen. Monitor A,B,Cs. 114 114  Bondi Beach Rescue 115 115