HIST 1111 Final Exam Review 2021-2022 PDF

HIST 1111 (Dr. Kurt) – Final Exam Review BE SURE TO READ THE LAST CHAPTERS IN STANDAGE! Match the clue on the left with the correct country or region: Bengal A. France Had 3 ‘kingdoms’, or great periods B. West Indies Western part of Ind...

HIST 1111 (Dr. Kurt) – Final Exam Review BE SURE TO READ THE LAST CHAPTERS IN STANDAGE! Match the clue on the left with the correct country or region: Bengal A. France Had 3 ‘kingdoms’, or great periods B. West Indies Western part of Indian subcontinent C. Yemen (s. Arabian peninsula) From here came New World conquerors who D. India destroyed Aztec & Inca power E. Portugal 1 of 2 countries where coffee may have F. eastern Indian subcontinent originated; city of Mocha was there G. U.S. Mahatma Gandhi H. China Opium War: between Britain & _____ I. Britain Mughal emperors ruled there J. Egypt Achieved independence in 1947 (2 places) K. Pakistan Jawaharlal Nehru L. Japan The Classic of Tea was written there & M. Columbia became quite popular; tea became a symbol N. Africa of culture and sophistication there O. Germany It had a rapidly growing number of P. Spain coffeehouses in later 1600s, but Q. Mexico women did not partake First country with a naval academy (at Sagres); Columbus spent several years there Where Columbus thought he landed (if you pluralize this modern country’s name) Industrial Revolution started here in late 18th c. Aztecs inhabited the central zone until conquistadores came; earlier a Mayan civilization flourished in the southern peninsula (Yucatán) Country ruling India under the ‘Raj’ Had a revolution (shortly after the Amer. Revolution) based on Enlightenment principles of individual rights and liberty, but which turned violent Region from which American colonies got most of its molasses Who adopted the spinning wheel as his symbol? Why? What political role did he play? What was the general name for the 17th & 18th centuries, when Europe saw heightened focus on science and philosophies based less on religion: The Age of _________________ What was the evolution of tea? What was the huge company involved in its sale and taxation? What was the evolution of coffee? Who liked it and who didn’t like it in the Middle East? What does G. Washington have to do with alcohol? (2 things, one during presidency, one after) What is Standage’s case for saying that “Rum [then whiskey] built America”? A sample question on Mesoamericans/exploration/exploitation: E.g.: Moctezuma II was the king of the ___________s, conquered by ___________ in 1521. A few cumulative areas to review: What are some main contributions of Greece and Rome to us today? Egypt Whose pyramid was the tallest? How tall? Where is it located? Built during which period? Who was the main sun god (the sun at its peak/noon)? Who was the god of the underworld? Why was Howard Carter significant for Egyptology? Hebrews What does covenant mean? What’s another word for it? With whom did it begin? Moses is famous for leading the __________ of the Jews from Egypt (name of a biblical book) and for receiving the _______________ from God while in the Sinai desert. ________ was the Jewish king who captured Jerusalem around 1000 B.C., wrote many psalms, and wanted to build a temple for the Ark of the Covenant (but was not allowed to – his son did). ________ built the first temple. The Babylonians destroyed this temple, but it was later reconstructed and enlarged near the time of Christ; in the New Testament Jesus predicted its destruction, which happened in 70 A.D. after a Jewish revolt against the ________________. India & China What is India and Hinduism named after? What are the two main religions of ancient India and how did they emerge? How is the Ganges R. significant in Indian culture? When did Confucius live and what were the general circumstances in China? {just past the period of the Warring States, when the “Hundred Schools” were seeking answers to a better ordering of society} What were his main ideas? Greece What was the greatest cultural center in ancient Greece? When did it flourish? Who was the great statesman, orator, and art patron of that place and time? Iliad is said to be an epic by a blind poet named ____________ around the 8 th c. B.C. It revolves around a war in the city of ____________ (two different names), due to Paris’s alleged taking of ___________, “the face that launched a thousand ships.” Two great wars affected Greece in the 5th c. B.C.: the war at the beginning of the century against the __________ empire and a war between ___________ and Sparta won by the latter. Name the 3 most famous Greek philosophers in order. Name the 3 styles of Greek columns and be able to identify them. What is an agon? What is the word for the superior excellence Greek men strove for? What were the Olympics first and foremost? Where did they take place? How many events were there at first? How many athletes won in each athletic competition? Where and how did drama begin? Who was the “father” of drama (the first playwright)? What was the main form of drama, and what did it teach? How did it get that name? Who was the father of history? What was inside the Parthenon? {be very specific … as in, by whom?} Which philosopher who never wrote any works said, “The unexamined life is not worth living”? What did Plato think of democracy? Was Alexander from Greece? What were his main accomplishments? Rome & Christianity After an early stage of 7 villages on 7 hills, Roman history can be divided into two great, long periods: the Roman ____________ and the Roman ____________. What siginificant event happened in 753 B.C.? In 509 B.C.? What was the meaning of candidatus? After some expansion in the 300s and 200s B.C., Rome won the long, drawn-out Punic Wars against ____________ in n. Africa, making it a Mediterranean power. In the 50s B.C. Julius Caesar conquered the territory of _______. Later he declared himself ____________________, which got him killed by many Senators. In the Shakespearean version of the story he said to the last conspirator to knife him, his former great friend, “____________”. {Latin, please} Who was the first emperor? How did he get into this role after such humble beginnings? When did Rome “fall” (IN THE WEST!)? Where did the death and Resurrection of Jesus – central tenets of Christianity – necessarily take place? How many missionary journeys did St. Paul make? He converted Jews and ___________. How many books are in the New Testament, according to the most traditional count? Who tolerated Christianity officially in 313 and built the first official churches? The papacy is considered successorship in special authority passed on from which Apostle? Islam When and where (modern country) did Islam emerge? What is the Muslim holy land called and what was the role of its two most important towns? Does Mohammed seem to have known of Christian beliefs? How do we know? What is a shi’ite? Sunni? What is the Hajj? The Kaaba? What does Qur’an mean? How many chapters does it have? What does jihad literally mean? Does it have other meanings? Within how many generations (a generation is about 25 yrs) did Islam spread from Arabia into neighboring regions? Did it ever get into Europe? ____________ was the city founded in Iraq in the 8th c. and full of scholars, libraries, papermakers, hospitals, and parks during the Abbasid dynasty’s rule. Who was Sunjatta? Mansa Musa, ruler of the ________ empire, built up the city of Timbuktu as an intellectual center. It was also very active in the Trans-Saharan trade run by _______________; here salt from the n. Sahara was exchanged for gold from south of the Niger River. Exploration & Conquest Zheng He: Why noteworthy? When active? Which notable physical characteristics? What did he bring back to China during the Ming dynasty? How many trips did Columbus make to the New World? Why? How did he describe the Native Americans? How did he treat them? What type of ship did he use, and why? Is it true that millions of Amerindians died as a result of the coming of the Europeans? Which person and which country did most to set in motion (originally) the major exploration that later led to the discovery of the New World? How does Sagres figure in? What was the intended goal of the exploration? How did it proceed during the 15th century (i.e., where)? What are some key products brought for the first time to the New World from Europe and vice versa? Was there much gold in the New World? Silver? Know the basics about the Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas [see outline section on Mesoamerica] For example: Who ruled most of central Mexico at the beginning of the 1500s? How was the conquest of this mighty people accomplished? What was the Inca civilization like? Where was it based? Who conquered it (and what was this conquistador like?)