Filipino Thinkers PDF

**SOCIAL THINKERS** I. **Jose P. Rizal (Reformist)** A. "Intelligence is the solution to the ills of the country. " B. He started the La Liga Filipina with the job of enlightening the minds of the people. C. "Human problems are irrational human creations and can be solved through rat...

**SOCIAL THINKERS** I. **Jose P. Rizal (Reformist)** A. "Intelligence is the solution to the ills of the country. " B. He started the La Liga Filipina with the job of enlightening the minds of the people. C. "Human problems are irrational human creations and can be solved through rational solutions". D. "What is the use of independence if the slaves of today will be the tyrants of tomorrow?" E. He wrote the two classic novels; Noli Me Tangere at El Filibusterismo II. **Andres Bonifacio (Revolutionist)** A. Founded Katipunan (Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan), a secret society that led the rebellion against Spain. B. His philosophy of revolution was published in the revolutionary newspaper," Kalayaan". C. He transformed the blood compact (sandugo) as a kinship contract. D. According to him, a revolution of war is justified when there is breach of contract. E. He wrote a classic poem "Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa" III. **Emilio Jacinto (Revolutionist)** A. "He capitalized on the idea of a reign of reason, of the freedom to think and do, rather than the freedom to will and do." B. Filipinos must get rid of slavery; must embrace liberty again with a price, a bloody revolution. C. He wrote "Kartilya ng Katipunan" a guide to all katipuneros IV. **Manuel Luis Quezon (Political Philosopher)** A. Political pragmatism & political operation for an eventual Philippine Independence B. Political Pragmatism -- one must fight for a goal but if obstacles towards that goal are difficult to summon then one must fall back to an alternative that is better than nothing provided it's in the right direction C. Believed in Social Darwinism -- governments are products of political struggles for survival. D. Party less Democracy -- political parties influence the politician, the people. E. Believed in the democratization of education for all, national language, and justice F. Equal access to essential raw materials V. **Apolinario Mabini** A. His works, El Verdadero Decalogo and Programa Constitucional dela Republica Filipina, were instrumental in drafting the Malolos Constitution. VI. **Marcelo H. Del Pilar** A. He petitioned the Spaniards to create schools for Filipinos throughout the country. VII. **Jose P. Laurel (Political Philosopher)** A. Individuals cannot forever remain in solitude. B. Human rights cannot be guaranteed unless the citizens first do their obligations towards the state C. Good governance is founded on righteousness and foreign relations must be based on full reciprocal rights and privileges between and among nations. VIII. **Renato Constantino (Nationalist)** A. Colonial experience has developed a captive consciousness. An effect of this "crab mentality" B. When one makes a nationalist choice, he/she chooses not for himself/herself alone but for the entire nation as well. IX. **R. Esquievel Embuscado (Dissectionist)** A. As a painter, he believed that the task of an authentic artist is to cut the umbilical cord oft the past, to make use of the present and to protect that present to the open future. B. True art must not be part oriented, but present-future oriented X. **Cirilo Bautista (Political Theorist)** A. History can be read as a poem in the same way a poem can be read as history. XI. **Claro R. Centeza (Meta-physician)** A. To exist is to stand out; To exist is to make difference XII. **Rolando M. Gripaldo (Circumstantialist)** A. Free choice" Choices are done in situations, which are of 2 broad types: rational and non-rational XIII. **Isabelo De Los Reyes (Activist/Anthropologist)** A. Father of Filipino Socialism B. Initiated labor strikes against American business firms C. Founded 'El Ilocano" D. He organized the first labor union, Union Obrera Democratica Filipina E. Mother Tongue based Multilingual Education XIV. **Teodoro M. Kalaw** A. Published Cinko Reglas de Nuestra Moral Antigua XV. **Camilo Osias** **Camilo Osias** A. Believed that education must secure for every Filipino the fullest measure of efficiency, freedom and happiness B. Tayo concept XVI. **Claro Mayo Recto** XVII. **Vicente Sinco, Franciscvo Dalupan. Conrado Aquino** A. Liberal education -- an approach to learning that empowers individuals and repairs them to deal with complexity, diversity and change I. **CORE VALUES** a. IBANG TAO (outsider) - PAKIKITUNGO (civility) - right behavior meant the right deportment toward authorities. - PAKIKISALAMUHA (an act of mixing) - social value that is primarily dwelling under common; is synonymous with the ability to adapt. - PAKIKILAHOK -- (an act of joining) participation of the entire community to help a person or someone. - PAKIKIBAGAY (conformity) -The act of socializing to conform or be accepted in a group. - PAKIKISAMA (being united with the group). b. HINDI IBANG TAO (One of us) - PAKIKISANGKOT - act of joining others; people join/share responsibilities in a particular group. - PAKIKIPAGKAPWA **II. PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE** **III. LINKING SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE** **IV. ACCOMODATIVE SURFACE VALUES** A. HIYA- translated as \ B. UTANG NA LOOB-(norm of reciprocity). Filipinos are expected by others to return favors whether these were asked for or not\_ when it is needed or wanted. C. PAKIKISAMA AND PAKIKIPAGKAPWA - smooth interpersonal relationships. This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority; conformity to the group. **V. CONFRONTATIVE SURFACE VALUES** A. BAHALA NA- translates literally as \ C. PAKIKIBAKA- it means concurrent clashes. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings, fights against a common enemy. **VI. SOCIETAL VALUES** A. KARANGALAN - translated as dignity, this refers to what other people see in a person and how they use that information to make or judge about one's worth. B. PURI - the external aspect of dignity; refers to how other people judge a person of his/her worth. It is based on conformity to social norms, regardless of how obsolete they are. C. DANGAL - The internal aspect of dignity; refers to how a person judges his worth. D. D. KATARUNGAN - translated to justice; refers to equity in giving rewards to a person; fair judgments. E. E. KALAYAAN - Freedom and Mobility; this may clash with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay(conformity) **VII. APPROACHES AND METHODS** A. PAKIKIPAGKUWENTUHAN- the researcher engages in a story-telling with an umpukan. The researcher merely serves as the facilitator, while the kalahok or participants are the ones who are to talk to them,kwento from the Spanish word=cuento= literally means \< to tell a story. B. PANUNULUYAN- method in which the researches stays in the home of his kalahok or participant while he researches C. PAGDADALAW-DALAW- the researcher occasionally visits the house of his host or tulay as opposed to staying in the house. D. PAGTATANONG-TANONG- the researcher undergoes a kind of questioning session with his kalahok or participants. In this method, however= lead questions= (those questions which directly refer to the topic being studied) are not supposed to be asked; instead the questions to be asked are supposed to have been derived from the kalahok's answers themselves. E. PAKIRAMDAM- the researcher uses entirely his/her feelings or emotions to justify if his participants or kalahok are ready to be part of the research or not. A. AMOK- Malayan mood disorder, more aptly called \